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Experiment 1 | 1
flow. The smallest valve also generated the smallest
flowrate and velocity as computed (see table A.3 5. APPENDIX
appendix section), meaning within the experiment the
velocity is the main factor that is affecting the flow since Table A.1. Raw Data
𝜌, 𝐷, and 𝜇 are constant within the whole experiment. The Valve Opening: ¼
higher the velocity, the greater is the disturbance. Trial Discharge Time Observation
volume
1 333 mL 10 sec Laminar
4. CONCLUSION 2 328 mL 10 sec Laminar
3 330 mL 10 sec Laminar
Valve Opening: ½
Laminar flow is a steady state condition where
Trial Discharge Time Observation
streamlines follow a path and there are no mixing between
volume
fluids. Its Reynolds number is within less than 2100.
1 840 mL 5.30 sec Turbulent
Transitional flow is in between laminar and turbulent flow
2 805 mL 5.27 sec Turbulent
where the irregularities can be seen within the center of
3 780mL 5.13 sec Turbulent
the pipe and laminar flow near its edges, its Reynolds
Valve Opening: ¾
number ranges between 2100 – 4000. Turbulent flow it is
Trial Discharge Time Observation
the common type flow, and it denotes unsteady state volume
condition which particle movement of the fluids are 1 710 mL 2.26 sec Turbulent
irregular and there’s mixing of the fluid. 2 730 mL 2.39 sec Turbulent
3 760 mL 2.45 sec Turbulent
The smallest valve has a laminar flow since within the Valve Opening: 7/8
observation the green dye can be seen clearly and it Trial Discharge Time Observation
projected a straight line. Unlike the 4 valve openings, the volume
green dye injected formed a zigzag pattern quickly, also 1 420 mL 1.055 sec Turbulent
the dye cannot be distinguished because of the mixing 2 395 mL 0.975 sec Turbulent
happening. And it has been proven correct based on the 3 440 mL 1.18 sec Turbulent
calculations of Reynolds number. Valve Opening: FULL
Trial Discharge Time Observation
volume
Increasing the valve openings is also increasing the 1 410 mL 1 sec Turbulent
volumetric flowrate and disturbance which makes the 2 420 mL 1 sec Turbulent
flow from laminar to turbulent. It can be said that only the 3 480 mL 1 sec Turbulent
velocity within the experiment is affecting the flow and
Reynolds number since the other parameters used are Table A.2. Supporting Parameters
constant throughout the whole experimentation. PARAMETER VALUE
Temperature 28 °C
Pressure 1 atm
Diameter 0.025 m
Area 4.90874E-04 m2
Dynamic Viscosity 8.3506E-04 Pas
Density 996.1904 kg/m3
Experiment 1 | 2
Valve Opening: ¼ 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝜌𝑣𝐷 (996.1904 3 )(0.64 𝑠 )(0.025𝑚)
𝑁𝑅𝑒 = = 𝑚
Trial Q (m3/s) V (m/s) Re 𝜇 8.3506𝐸 − 04 𝑃𝑎 𝑠
1 0.0000333 0.0678382 2022.36297
2 0.0000328 0.06681961 1991.99716
𝑁𝑅𝑒 = 19079.403 − −→ 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤
3 0.000033 0.06722705 2004.14349
Valve Opening: ½
Trial Q v Re
6. REFERENCES
1 0.00015849 0.32287433 9625.38897
[1] Geankoplis, C.(2003). Principles of Transport
2 0.00015275 0.31118264 9276.84152
Processes and Separation Process. Pearson Education
3 0.00015205 0.30974716 9234.04762
Inc.
Valve Opening: ¾
Trial Q v Re
[2] Green, D. W., & Perry, R. H. (2008). Perry's
1 0.00031416 0.64000005 19079.403
Chemical Engineering Handbook, Eight Edition. New
2 0.00030544 0.62223589 18549.8256
York, Chicago, San Francisco, Lisbon, London, Madrid,
3 0.0003102 0.63194257 18839.1967 Mexico City, Milan, New Delhi, San Juan, Seoul,
Valve Opening: 7/8
Singapore, Sydney, Toronto: McGraw-Hill.
Trial Q v Re
1 0.0003981 0.81101135 24177.5173 [3] Ueyama, A. (n.d.). Laminar Flow and Turbulent
2 0.00040513 0.8253204 24604.0926 Flow. Retrieved from https://www.cradle-
3 0.00037288 0.75962766 22645.6891 cfd.com/tec/column05/019.html
Valve Opening: FULL
Trial Q v Re [4] Reynolds Number. (n.d.). Retrieved from
1 0.00041 0.83524514 24899.9646 https://www.nuclear-power.net/nuclear-
2 0.00042 0.85561697 25507.2808 engineering/fluid-dynamics/reynolds-number/
3 0.00048 0.97784797 29151.178
Experiment 1 | 3