GMP’S CHANELL

SCIENCE
YEAR 1
S Gautam

YEAR 1

BOOK CODE: 513

 CHAPTER 1: THE CELL
“We are not made of drugs, we are made of cells” –Cade Hildreth

Cell
Cells are basic unit of life. They are building blocks of our body.
All living things have cells in them. Cells are very small. We
cannot see cells directly by our eyes. Ex: plant cells and animal
cells. They can be seen by micro scope. Cells have 3 main
parts.
They are
1) Nucleus
cells of onion
2) Cytoplasm
3) Cell wall
Nucleus
Nucleus is the brain of the cell. It controls all the works of cell. It is
in the middle of the cell. Many cells have round nucleus.
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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the jelly like thing in the cell. It is in the cell of all
living things. It contains many other parts like Golgi.
Cell wall
It is the wall for the cell. It protects the cell like a wall. It is like an
outline to the cell. Plant cells have cell wall. Animal cells don’t
have cell wall. 1. What is a cell? Basic unit of life

2. Can we see cells by our eyes

Now let us see the diagram of the cell. directly? No.

3. What is nucleus? It is the brain

1 of cell.

4. What is cytoplasm? It is like a

jelly like thing in the cell.
 Cell wall [Comments]

Nucleus
The cell
Cytoplasm

CHAPTER 2: FOOD NUTRIENTS

“You don’t need a silver fork to eat good food” –Paul Prudhomme.

We all eat many types of foods. The food we eat has many things
in it. We eat food to grow and get energy. The things we get in
food are called nutrients.
Carbohydrates
They help to give us energy in faster way. They are known as
energy giving foods. Ex: rice, wheat, sugar etc

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Fats
They also give us energy. They are stored in our body as fats.
They are also known as energy giving foods. Ex: butter, ghee, oil,
etc
Proteins
Proteins help us to grow and repair. They are known as growth
foods. They are used to heal hurts. Ex: milk, meat, fish etc.
Vitamins and minerals
They help us to be healthy and disease free. They keep us
healthy. Ex: iron, salt, etc they are present in vegetables

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 Good Diet
We need to eat the foods that contain fats, carbohydrates,
proteins and minerals and vitamins with good water. This is called
as good diet.
1. Why do we eat food? To grow and get energy.

2. Write about carbohydrates. They give energy faster. Ex: rice, sugar.

3. Write about fats: Stored foods. Ex: oil, butter.

4. Write about growth foods. Proteins. They help us to grow and repair. Ex.
Meat, eggs.

5. What are minerals and vitamins? They help us to be healthy. Ex: iron,
salt.

6. What is a good diet? Eating all nutrients with good water.

CHAPTER 3: GROWTH IN PLANTS
“All the flowers of tomorrow are seeds of today” – Chinese Proverb.

Seeds: Many plants have seeds in them. Ex: tomato, peas

etc. We find seeds in fruits of plants. When seeds are kept
in mud and when we give water to seeds and keep them
in sunlight they grow. This is called growth of plants by
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seeds.

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Cuttings: We can grow few plants by cutting their stem
and keeping in soil. Pour water and keep the cutting in
sunlight, then it grows. Ex: roses, money plant etc

Layering
Stem
of plants can be kept
In soil
and can be grown.
Ex:
jasmine

1. Where can we find seeds? In fruits.

2. How can we grow plants? By seeds, cutting, etc.

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3. What is layering Keeping the stem in soil to grow

4. What is cutting cutting the stem, keeping in soil

5. What are needed for a seed to grow?Water,light

6. How can we grow plants from seeds? To sow

CHAPTER 4 DIGESTION IN ANIMALS
them and keeping them in light, with water.

“Digestion is the great secret in the body” – Smith’s Secret(Sydney).

Breaking down of food to use it for energy is called

digestion. Let us see digestion in other organisms
Starfish: Starfish feeds on animals covered by hard
shells. After opening the shell, the starfish takes out its

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 stomach from its mouth to eat the food inside the shell.
The stomach then goes back into the body and the food is
slowly digested.

Cows: cows quickly swallow the grass and store in

rumen. The food in rumen is called cud. The cow brings
back cud and chews it. Then it is digested
Frog :Frog eats its food and the food gets digested in
stomach and intestine. It has a food
1.Explain pipe and
digestion liver.Star fish
in starfish:
feeds on animals with hard shells. After
opening its shell, the starfish feeds on the
food by the stomach and gets it digested.

2.Explain digestion in cows: cows quickly

swallow the grass and store in rumen. The
cow brings back the food from rumen and
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chews it. Then it is digested.

3.Explain digestion in frogs: frogs eat the

food and the food gets digested in stomach
and intestine. It also has a food pipe and a
liver.

4.What is rumen?:rumen is an organ that

stores food in cows.

5.What is cud: the food in the rumen.

CHAPTER 5: DIGESTION IN HUMANS
“A good digestion turneth all to health ” – George Herbert.

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When we eat food it gets digested. Let us see about
digestive system in humans.
Mouth: The teeth in our mouth chew food and tongue
makes it wet, so that it goes into stomach easily
Food pipe and stomach: Food from mouth enters to
stomach by food pipe is like a pipe. Stomach digests the
food and makes the food like a paste.
Small intestine and large intestine: The water and
minerals are taken by intestines. Small intestine is very
long than large intestine. Small intestine is folded very
much to fit in our body. The minerals are taken to other
parts of our body by blood.
Anus: The waste from our body is removed from anus.
1. What do teeth and tongue do? Teeth
chews food and tongue makes food wet.

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2. What does food pipe do? It makes food
to go into stomach.

3. What does stomach do? Stomach

digests the food. Mouth
4. What does intestine do? Absorb water
and minerals
Food pipe
5. How are minerals taken to parts of
body? By the blood.

6. Why is small intestine folded? To fit in

the body. Stomach
7. What does anus do? it removes the
waste from body Small intestine
Large intestine
Mouth and teeth:

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 Anus

Human digestive system

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