9-9 Application of Mohr’s Circle to Combined Loadings

Combined Loadings Combined stresses

(axial, torsional, flexural)


Mohr’s Circle
 max
Design Criteria,  allow ,  allow (0, )

2 1 

Principal stresses and,

Maximum shearing stress ( ,  )

2 1
1
 2 s
2
 max
1 2 1  max
Stress Trajectories

Tc
 max  
J
 2
2 1
 
1

Tc
1 
J
Torsional Failure Modes

• Ductile materials generally fail in

shear. Brittle materials are weaker in
tension than shear.

Tc Tc
 max  1 
J J

• A ductile specimen breaks along a

plane of maximum shear

45o • A brittle specimen breaks along

planes perpendicular to 1
Stress Trajectories
for Torsion

Tc Tc
 max  1 
J J

Stress Trajectories: lines of

principal stress direction but
of variable stress intensity
Stress Trajectories for Beam

My VQ
 
I Ib 
 max
(0, )

2 1 

Mohr’s Circle
( ,  )
Axial + Torsional Loading
Problem 971: The solid shaft in small hydraulic turbine is 100mm in diameter and supports an
axial compressive load of 140π kN. Determine the maximum power that can be developed at
4 Hz without exceeding a maximum shearing stress of 70 MPa or Maximum Normal Stress of
90 MPa

 D2  (0.1) 2
A   2.5  103  m 2
4 4
 D4  (0.1)4
J   3.125 106  m4
32 32

D  100 mm
  70 MPa
  90 MPa P  140 kN


 P (140000 )
    5.6  10 7
N/m 2
 56 MPa
A 2.5  10 
3

Tc T (0.05) 1.6 106 1.6T
   T( ) N/m 2
 MPa
J 3.125 106   
 
 Mohr’s Circle
56 MPa  max
(0, 1.6 T )
1.6T
MPa

C  28 MPa 2 (28,0) 1 
C
1.6T
 max  R  (28) 2  ( ) 2  70 MPa

(56,  1.6 T )
1.6T
 2  C  R  28  (28) 2  ( ) 2  90 MPa


P  2 f  T
1.6T 2
(28) 2  ( )  62 MPa
 P  2 (4)(1086)

P  27, 294.2 watt

T  1086.15 N.m P  273 kW
 Problem 974: A 4-in solid shaft carries an axial load P and a torque T as shown in
Figure. Determine the Normal and shearing stress on a spiral weld that makes an
angle of 30 deg.

 D2  (4) 2
A   12.57 in 2
4 4
 D4  (4) 4
J   25.13 in 4
300 32 32

P (36) P  36 kips
   2.86 Ksi
A 12.57
T  2.5 kip-ft 
Tc T (2) (2.4 12)2
    2.29 Ksi
J 25.13 25.13 
2.86  0 2.86  0
 
 30  cos 2(30)  2.29sin 2(30)  0.16 Ksi  161 Psi
2 2
2.86  (0)
 xy  sin 2(30)  2.29cos 2(30)  2.38 Ksi = 2383 Psi
2
Bending + Torsional Loading
  D4  (0.1)4
I   1.5625 106  m4
64 64

 D4  (0.1)4
J   3.125 106  m4
32 32

D  100 mm
  80 MPa
  100 MPa
M  2500 N.m

Mc (2500 )(0.05)
   8  10 7
N/m 2
 80 MPa
I 1.5625 10 
6

Tc T (0.05) 1.6 106 1.6T

   T( ) N/m 2
 MPa
J 3.125 106   
 
80 MPa Mohr’s Circle
 max
(0, 1.6T
 )
1.6T
MPa

C  40 MPa 2 (40,0) 1 
C
1.6T
 max  R  402  ( ) 2  80 MPa

(80,  1.6 T )
1.6T
 1  C  R  40  402  ( )2  100 MPa


P  2 f  T
1.6T 2
402  ( )  60 MPa

P  2 (30)(87.81)

T  87.81 N.m P  16,551.8 watt

  r4  r4
I , J
4 2

Mc 4M
  3
I r
Tc 2T
  3
I r
 4M 
 r3
Mohr’s Circle
 max
(0, 2T
 r3
)
2T
 r3
2 (40,0) 1 
C

( 4 Mr3 ,  2rT3 )
C  2M /( r 3 )

2M 2 2T 2 2
 max  R  ( )  ( )  M 2
 T 2

 r3  r3  r3

1  C  R 
2
 r3
M  M 2
 T 2

 900 12  max  10 ksi
If T  900 lb-ft   10.8 kips-in
1000
600 12  max  16 ksi
M  600 lb-ft   7.2 kips-in
1000

2
 max  M 2
 T 2

 r3
2 8.263
 3 7.22  10.82  3 ksi  10 ksi r  0.938 in.
r r

1 
2
 r3

M  M 2
 T 2

2
r

 3 7.2  7.2  10.8 
2 2

12.847
r 3
ksi  16 ksi r  0.929 in.
 750 N.m
2500 N
2500 N
3750 N
4000 N
750 N.m
750 N.m 2875 N 2500 N
2500 N
1250 N 3750 N
1500 N.m
4000 N

3625 N 750 N.m 2875 N

1250 N
1500 N.m

3625 N
 750 N.m
2500 N 4000 N 2500 N
2500 N 750 N.m
3750 N 750 N.m
4000 N 1500 N.m

750 N.m 2875 N 3625 N 2875 N

1m 2m 1m 2m
1250 N
1500 N.m
3625 N.m

2875 N.m
3625 N

BMzD
2500 N
750 N.m 750 N.m 1500 N.m
1500 N.m 750 N.m
1250 N 4m 3750 N 2m TMD

BMyD

1250 N.m

3750 N.m
5000 N.m
 3625 N.m
750 N.m
2500 N E 2875 N.m
2500 N D
3750 N
BMzD
4000 N C

B 750 N.m 2875 N

1250 N A BMyD
1500 N.m
1250 N.m

3625 N 3750 N.m

5000 N.m

| M | M z2  M y2
4725.2 N.m 5000 N.m
My
3834.5 N.m
Mz
|M|
A B C D E

Cross section of solid shaft

1500 N.m
and the resultant moment 750 N.m

TMD
 From Prob. 951 and this problem. 4M 
3625 N.m Mohr’s Circle
2 2  r3
 max  3 M  T 2  70 MPa 
r (0, )
max
2875 N.m

2
r 2

 1  3 M  M  T 2  120 MPa 2T
 r3 2 1
BMzD

At section C
BMyD
2
 max  4725.2 2
 1500 2
1000 mm  70 MPa 1250 N.m
r 3
( ,  )
r  35.6 mm 3750 N.m
5000 N.m

1 
2
r 3 
4725.2  4725.22  15002 1000  120 MPa
4725.2 N.m 5000 N.m
r  37.2 mm
3834.5 N.m

At section D
|M|
2 A B C D E
 max  50002  7502 1000 mm  70 MPa
r 3

r  35.8 mm
1500 N.m
750 N.m
2
 
 1  3 5000  50002  7502 1000  120 MPa
r TMD

r  37.7 mm r ≥ 37.7 mm
state of stress on
the element on the
surface of vessel
  1  67.5  R
 2  67.5  R
   x  y 
2

R2      xy
2
 2 


R2  22.52   xy2  32.52

Absolute maximum shearing stress  50 MPa  xy2  32.52  22.52  550
| 1   2 |  xy  23.45 MPa
 R  50 MPa
2
Tc
|  1 | 67.5  R  23.45 MPa
  50 MPa R  32.5 MPa J
2 2
T (455 mm)
|  2 | 67.5  R  23.45 MPa
  50 MPa 
2 2 9204  9004 
32
T  301.8 kN.m
 20 mm 20 mm
40 mm
A
120 mm N.A.
Q  (20  40)  40
20 1203 =3.2 104 mm3
I =2.88 106 mm4
12

V  30 kN 250 mm
P My 40 7500  20
   
A I 20 120 2.88 106
P  40 kN
 68.75 MPa

M  7500 kN.mm VQ 30  3.2 104

  16.67 MPa
I b 2.88 106  20
 V  30 kN 250 mm
P Mc 40 7500  20
   
A I 20 120 2.88 106
P  40 kN
 68.75 MPa

M  7500 kN.mm VQ 30  3.2 104

  16.67 MPa
I b 2.88 106  20

C  (C , 0)  (
 x  y
, 0)  Mohr’s Circle at point A
2
68.75  0
(
2
, 0)  (34.375, 0)  max (68.75,16.67)

 x  y
R ( ) 2   xy2
2

 (
68.75 2
)  16.67 2  38.20 MPa
2 C 2 1 
2 (34.375,0)

 1 ,  2  C  R  34.375  38.20
 72.578, 3.825 MPa (0,16.67)
72.58 3.83

 xy
16.67
sin 2   12.94
R 38.20
  12.94O 3.83 72.58
 20 mm 20 mm

120 mm N.A.
B
40 mm
20 1203 Q  (20  40)  40
I =2.88 106 mm4
12 =3.2 104 mm3

V  30 kN 300 mm
P My 40 9000  (20)
   
A I 20 120 2.88 106
P  40 kN
 45.83 MPa

M  9000 kN.mm VQ 30  3.2 104

  16.67 MPa
I b 2.88 106  20
 V  30 kN 300 mm

  45.83 MPa
P  40 kN

  16.67 MPa
M  9000 kN.mm

45.83  0 45.83  0
 
 30  cos 2(30)  16.67sin 2(30)  48.8 MPa
2 2
45.83  (0)
 xy  sin 2(30)  16.67 cos 2(30)  11.5 MPa
2 Mohr’s Circle at point B

11.51 MPa
48.81 MPa
(45.83,16.67)

45.83 MPa 60o

(22.915,0)
o

36.06
C
  16.67 MPa (0,16.67)
(48.81, 11.51)
Hw2

L1

L2

1.2D L3

L4
1.2D
D
 Also find the maximum shearing stress at point A. Show your results on a
complete sketch of a differential element.

P
L