Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Zinc

Ferrites.
Research Proposal
Salman Shabbir PhD Candidate

ABSTRACT
The materials which have collective magnetic and electrical properties are called ferrites.
Main constituents of the ferrites are metal oxide and iron oxide. The electrical and magnetic
properties depend on many factors such as preparative method, sintering temperature, amount
and type of substitution. The electrical as well as magnetic properties of Ferrites are possible
to change for specific applications. They have different application on the basis of different
properties. There are many methods for the preparation of Ferrites nanoparticles but sol-gel
technique is one of the best for the preparation of fine particles. In this proposed research
work this technique would be used to prepare the cobalt zinc ferrites and the effect of plasma
treatment on the cobalt zinc particles would be investigated and compared with untreated
ferrite particles. For this purpose different techniques such as SEM, XRD, VSM and UV can
be used.

INTRODUCTION
Ferrites are the ceramic materials which are formed by combination
of huge amounts of iron oxide (Fe2O3) and then mixed with smaller
amounts of one or more than one metallic elements such as barium, zinc,
nickel and manganese. Ferrites are naturally non-conductors as they
cannot pass electricity and carry the ability of acting as ferromagnetic
substances which mean they can be magnetized by different
methodologies. Ferrites are sub-divided into two main categories
depending upon their resistance ability towards being magnetized (Carter
et al., 2007). Ferrites are important class of magnetic materials and cover
a broader range of spectrum of application in different fields, ranging from
radio frequency to microwave frequency. They have uses in preparing

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memory chip, transformers, inductors, antenna rod, sensor, green anode
materials, and drug delivery.

As the ferrites are famous for their higher electrical resistance, so

they are extensively used in computers, microwave ovens, mobile devices,
refrigerators, high frequency devices and such items and goods. On the
other end, cores of ferrites are also in use to make electromagnets,
electronic inductors and transformers as ferrites play key role in
minimizing the electric loses (Singhal et al., 2010).

In the early computers memories were stored data in the residual

magnetic fields of hard ferrite cores that is assumable in to arrays of core
memory. Coating on the magnetic recording tapes are made by using
ferrite powders. One such type of material is iron oxide. The magnetically
"hard" ferrites are characterized chiefly by their high coercive force,
somewhat low remnant induction, and an appreciably lower value of BH
(max) compared with the more conventional metal magnets. They are
magnetically very stable and difficult to demagnetize either by external
magnetic fields or by mechanical shock (Kumar et al., 2014).

History of Ferrites

Going back to the history of ferrites shows that ferrites were

discovered when stones were appeared with the ability to attract iron.
Mostly these stones are found in larger amounts in the district of Magnesia
(Asia), hence they were named as magnetite (Fe2O4). Magnetite was firstly
used to locate magnetic north by navigators in 1946 and this application
was referred as “Lodestones”. Naturally occurring magnetite can be hard
or soft ferrites. Hard ferrites contain magnetism which is the core
important characteristic (Naseri et al., 2010). Magnetism has its roots in
ancient times. The History of magnetism resources appear to go with the
expansion of individual development. It appears that magnet and its
properties were recognized quit well, even in the Vedic area in India (sastra

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et al., 1918). It is supposed that Chinese use loadstones formulate
compasses at more or less 400 B.C. and magnetism was recognized as an
individual of the four immense discoveries. William Gilbert (1540 – 1603),
an English man, prepared the paramount true scientific study of
magnetism “De Magnete”, Gilbert realized that the earth is an enormous
magnet and the compass mechanism of this theory. Michel Faraday (1791
– 1867) classified all materials into diamagnetic and paramagnetic types
by really colossal scientific experiments

Aims and objectives

The main objective of the present revision is to prepared ferrite

nanoparticles by sol-gel method and to study the effect of microwave
plasma on the nanoparicles.

The present study was aimed:

1. Synthesis of cobalt zinc ferrite by by sol-gel method.

2. To treat the synthesized nanoparticles by microwave plasma.
3. Structure analysis of cobalt-zinc ferrite by different
characterization techniques.
4. To study the effect of plasma treatment on the magnetic
properties, size and shape of the ferrites nanoparticles.
5. Synthesis low cost ferrite nanoparticles with more unique
properties.
6. Novel multi state data storage elements, both in electric and
magnetic polarization.

Materials and Method

In a typical synthesis Cobalt nitrate [Co (NO 3)2.6H2O], Zinc nitrate [Zn
(NO3)2.6H2O], Ferric nitrate [Fe (NO3)3.9H2O] and oxalic acid [C 2 H2O4] all
these materials will use as a starting materials. Under the magnetic
stirring the metal nitrates will mix in ethanol for 20 minutes. Then a gelling
agent ethylene glycol will add in the solution. This solution will be
magnetically stirrer for 2 hours. By using a vacuum rotary pump at 80 0C

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surplus water would be removed until the gel is obtained. Then by using a
hot air oven the gel will dry at 110 0c. Then dried gel will grind and finally
powder form, this powder will anneal at 800 0c for 4 hours in furnace. At
last ferrites nanoprticles of more than one size will form.

Literature Cited

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