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CHAPTER -12 ELECTRICITY HOTS

Questions and Answers

Q1. Though same current flows through the electric line wires an the bulb filament, yet only the
filament glows. Give the reason behind it?
Ans. The resistance of electric line wire is very very less than that of the filament of the bulb.
Therefore, the current through the high resistance filament produces more heat which makes it
glow.

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Q2. Which is analogous to temperature: a current or electric potential?

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Ans. Electric potential is analogous to temperature. As heat flows from higher temperature to
lower temperature, so charges flow from higher potential to lower potential.

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Q3. Ammeter burns out when connected in parallel. Give reasons.

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Ans. Ammeter consists of a wire of low resistance when connected in parallel; a large amount of
current passes through it hence gets burnt i.e. short circuited.
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Q4. For domestic purpose, we connect the electrical devices in parallel instead of connecting
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them in series. What are the advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel?
Ans. By connecting the electrical devices in parallel:-
1 each device gets the full or same voltage
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2. each device gets proper current depending on its resistance.

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3. if one device is switched off/on , other electrical appliances remain unaffected

That is why for domestic purpose we connect the electrical devices in parallel instead of
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connecting them in series.

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Q5. The heating elements of electric toasters and electric iron are made of an alloy rather than a
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pure metal. Why?

Ans. The heating elements of electric toasters and electric irons are made of an alloy rather than
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a pure metal due to the following reasons:-

1. Alloys don’t oxidize readily at higher temperature.
2. Alloys have higher resistivity than their constituent elements

Q6. An ammeter is always connected in series across a circuit element. What happens when it is
connected in parallel with the circuit element?
Ans. The ammeter is alow resistance device. When it is connected in parallel, the resistance of
the circuit reduces considerably. Therefore, a large current flows through the circuit, by virtue of
which it may be damaged.

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Q7. An electric refrigerator rated 500 W operates 10 hours per day. What is the cost of energy
consumed on the month of june at rs. 3.50 per KWH?
Ans. The total energy consumed by the refrigerator in the month of june
= 500 X 10 X 30 = 150,000 Wh
= 150KWh
Therefore, total cost of energy consumed in the month of june = 150 X 3.50
= rs. 525.00

Q8. Given n resistors each of resistance R, how will you combine them to get the
i) Maximum and ii) minimum effective resistance? What is the ratio of the maximum to

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minimum resistance?

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Ans. For maximum effective resistance, the resistors must be connected in series combination. If
there are n resistors each of resistance R, then the maximum effective resistance = Nr. For
minimum effective resistance, the resistors must be connected to parallel combinations. So the

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minimum effective resistance is equal to R/n. Ratio of the maximum to minimum resistance is

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nR = n2:1.
(R/n)
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Q9. A large number of free electrons are present in metals. Why is there no current in the
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absence of electric potential across it?

ans. The current is due to floe of charge in a definite direction. In metals the free electrons
move in all directions in a zigzag manner. Hence there is no current in the metal. When
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potential difference is applied across the metal, almost all electrons start moving opposite to the
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direction of the potential hence current begins to flow.

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Q10a) What is the resistance of an ammeter?

b) What is the resistance of a Voltmeter?
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Ans. a)The resistance of an ammeter is very small and for an ideal ammeter, its value is zero.
b) The resistance of a voltmeter is very high and for an ideal voltmeter, its value is infinity.
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