World History Pre-AP – Duez NAME_________________________________________________ PD:

Chapter 9 & 10 “Middle Ages” Time: 2 Weeks

Big Ideas and Formative Questions:
1. What impact did scriptoria and Carolingian monks have on today’s understanding of Greek and
Roman learning?
2. Was Feudalism a necessary evil to protect the people of Europe from invasion during a time of
crisis?
3. What impact will the decline of the Feudal system, the Catholic Church, and the King’s power
have on the future of Europe?
CH. 9: A new European civilization emerged in which monarchs competed for supremacy with the nobility and the Roman Catholic
Church. Europeans embarked on the Crusades in an effort to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Byzantine Empire became
the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church and developed its own unique civilization.
CH. 10: In the early Middle Ages, Europe saw explosive urban growth, a revival of trade, and an emboldened Catholic Church. Yet
catastrophic setbacks followed in the form of plague, economic collapse, and war. Christianity remained a focus of European life, but
centuries of confrontation with the monarchies left the Church weakened.
• Of the German states that replaced the Western Roman Empire, only the Frankish kingdom
proved long lasting. Its founder, Clovis, was the first Germanic leader to convert to Christianity.
The kingdom was eventually divided among his heirs.
Chapter 9 • Pepin reunited the Frankish Kingdom, setting the stage for his son, Charles, or Charlemagne, to
form the vast Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne's need for educated clergy and government
Sec 1 officials helped sparked a revival of learning and culture sometimes called the Carolingian
Transforming Renaissance.
the Roman • After Charlemagne's death, Magyar, Muslim, and Viking invaders caused the break-up of the
World empire. As central governments collapsed, people sought local sources of safety and security.
• Feudalism was based on a hierarchy of relationships between lords and the vassals who took an
Sec 2 oath to fight for them. In exchange, vassals received parcels of land, called fiefs. Knights, lance-
Feudalism bearing horsemen dressed in coats of mail, dominated warfare and became the backbone of the
aristocracy. Knights were supposed to uphold a code of ethics known as chivalry, although this
Sec 3 The was not always the case. Women remained subordinate to men in many respects, but a growing
Growth of number oversaw large households while men were away at war.
European • After briefly regaining control of the Mediterranean, the Eastern Roman Empire was reduced to
Kingdoms the Balkans and Asia Minor. This smaller empire, known as the Byzantine Empire, was home to
Europe's greatest center of commerce, Constantinople, and to the Eastern Orthodox Church, the
Sec 4 The empire's spiritual center.
Byzantine • Meanwhile, a permanent schism developed with the Catholic Church in Rome. The Seljuk Turk
Empire and invasion prompted the emperor to turn to Europe for help. The result was a series of European-led
the Crusades Crusades to liberate the Holy Land. Amid horrible violence, crusading armies conquered
Jerusalem and established crusader states. After the Muslims retook Jerusalem in 1187, several
more Crusades proved unsuccessful. One result of the Crusades was Christian violence against
Jews, which became a feature of medieval European life.
Wergild Ordeal Bishopric
Monk Missionaries Scriptoria
Feudal contract Chivalry Magna Carta
Infidels Saladin Pope Urban II
• The near doubling of Europe's population, combined with more peaceful and settled conditions,
contributed to major improvements in life in Europe.
• The Inquisition gave the Church a tool for discouraging heresy. Those who failed to do proper
Chapter 10 penance for heresy could face execution. The 1st universities were established in 12th-century
Italy, France, and England as educational guilds. Most students received a liberal arts education.
Sec 1 Theology was the most prestigious subject. Scholasticism sought to reconcile faith and reason
Peasants, and to harmonize Christian teachings with recently rediscovered works of Greek philosophers.
Trade, and • The best-known practitioner of scholasticism was Saint Thomas Aquinas. Although Latin was
Cities the universal language of medieval civilization, new literature—mainly poetry—was appearing in
English and French vernacular.
Sec 2
Christianity
• An 11th & 12th century building boom produced many new churches. Innovations in architecture
made it possible to build soaring Gothic cathedrals, one of the artistic triumphs of the High Middle
and Medieval
Ages.
Civilization
• Europe's fortunes sank as bubonic plague or Black Death carried by infested rats decimated
Sec 3 The Europe's population. In a wave of anti-Semitism, many people attacked Jews, accusing them of
Culture of causing the plague by poisoning the wells. The plague devastated Europe's economy as well and
the High accelerated the end of serfdom.
Middle Ages • Church power declined as European kings rejected papal claims of supremacy. Popular respect for
the papacy was undermined by the Great Schism, a nearly forty-year papal crisis during which a
 rival papacy was set up in France.
Sec 4 The • The Hundred Years' War introduced new methods of warfare, adding to the problems of the late
Late Middle Middle Ages. The "new monarchies" of the fifteenth century reestablished the centralized power of
Ages the monarchies in England, France, and Spain.
Carruca William De Fevre (Robin Commercial capitalism
Hood)
Bourgeoisie Lay investiture Interdict
Sacraments Relics Joan of Arc
Questions from Chapters 9 & 10: 6. RC p. 317
(due on Friday, November 19th) 7. RC p. 318
1. Reading Check p. 287
2. Section Question #6 p. 290 8. RC p. 321
3. Section Question #6 p. 296 9. RC p. 336
4. RC p. 299 #1 – date 1066 turning point? 10. RC p. 339
5. RC p. 308 The Vocabulary Quiz is Monday, November 22, 2010
The Test for Chapters 9 and 10 is
Tuesday, November 23th
Thanksgiving Holiday Nov. 24th, 25th, and 26th
This 6 week’s project is the Castle Project. Due on ___.