RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Seismic Analysis, Design and Detailing

of
Reinforced Concrete Buildings Elements
according to
SNI 2847/ACI 318M

RC14-1352: Concrete Building Structures

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D 1

General Considerations of
Earthquake Resistant Design

The main
Th i goall off earthquake-resistant
th k i t td design
i
is to attain a structure with sufficient strength
and ductility to assure life safety, i.e., to
prevent collapse under the most intense
earthquake expected at a site during the life
of a structure.

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 1

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

General Considerations of
Earthquake Resistant Design

In most structures that are subjected to

moderate-to-strong earthquakes, economical
earthquake-resistant design is achieved by
allowing yielding to take place in some
structural members.

General Considerations of
Earthquake Resistant Design

It is typically impractical as well as

uneconomical to design a structure to
respond in the elastic range to maximum
expected earthquake-induced inertia forces.

However, for certain types of structures such

as nuclear containment buildings, yielding in
the structure cannot be tolerated, and the
design needs to be elastic.

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 2

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Fe =Gaya elastis maksimum

Fy = Gaya saat leleh pertama
komponen struktur beton

Gaya gempa direduksi

menurut SNI 1726
sebagai berikut:
Fn = Fe /R
R = faktor reduksi
gempa elastis (3 – 8) δy δe δm

Basic Principles of Design

Reinforced concrete structures are designed
p
to dissipate seismic induced energy
gy through
g
inelastic deformations
Ve Ve = S(Ta) Mv IE W / (Rd Ro)

Ve /Rd
Ve /Rd Ro

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 3

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Perpindahan Perpindahan kecil

besar saat saat keruntuhan
Kerusakan/Sendi keruntuhan
Plastis (titik kuning)

Kerusakan
terdistribusi
di semua
tingkat

Semua kerusakan
dalam satu tingkat

(a) Kolom Kuat-Balok Lemah (b) Kolom Lemah-Balok Kuat

(YA!) (TIDAK!)

Mekanisme Simpangan Balok

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 4

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Basic Principles of Design

Inelasticity results softening in the structure,
g
elongatingg structural p
period

S(T)

S1

S2

T1 T2 T

Basic Principles of Design

Capacity ≥ Demand

It is a good practice to reduce seismic

demands, to the extent possible….

This can be done at the conceptual stage

by selecting a suitable structural system.

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 5

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Seismic Design Requirements

Capacity design is employed…..

Selected elements are designed to yield
while critical elements remain elastic

Design for
Strength and Deformability

General Considerations of
Earthquake Resistant Design
In general, most earthquake code provisions
implicitly require that structures be able to
resist minor earthquakes without any
damage, moderate earthquakes with
negligible structural damage and some non-
structural damage, and major earthquakes
with possibly some structural and non-
structural damage.

As noted above, structures must respond to

strong ground motion without collapse.

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 6

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Designing structures for the effects of

earthquakes generally includes the
following:

• Selecting and laying out a lateral-force-

resisting (LFR) system this is appropriate to
the anticipated level of ground shaking. This
includes providing a continuous and
redundant load path that ensures that a
structure
t t acts
t as an iintegral
t l unit
it when
h
responding to ground motion.

Designing structures for the effects of

earthquakes generally includes the
following:
• Determining code-prescribed forces and
deformations generated by the ground
motion, and distributing the forces to the
various elements of the LFR system. Site
characteristics, occupancy, configuration,
structural system,
system and structure height are all
considered when determining these forces.

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 7

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Designing structures for the effects of

earthquakes generally includes the
following:
• Proportioning and detailing the structural
members and joints for the combined effects
of gravity and lateral (including wind) loads
so that adequate vertical and lateral strength
and stiffness are achieved to satisfy the
structural performance and acceptable
deformation levels prescribed in the
governing building code.

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 8

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Building Structure

Floor Diaphragm
Frame and Shear Walls
Lateral Load Resisting System Floor Slab System
Gravity Load Resisting System

Sub-structure and Member Design

Seismic Analysis Procedure

1. Pre-dimensioning and coordination with

other design professionals
2. Definition of all dead and live loads
3. Define Seismic Risk Category and
Important Factor
4. Determine Site Classification

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 9

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Soil Profile Type

Parameter to be defined :

Definition of the soil profile is based on

averaged soil properties for the upper 30 m of
soil profile.
m

∑t
i =1
i ≤ 30 m

m m m
∑ ti ∑ ti ∑ ti
vs = i =1 N = i =1 Su = i =1
m m m
∑ ti / vsi ∑ ti / Ni ∑ ti / Sui
i =1 i =1 i =1

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 10

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 11

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

5.

4.

6. Determine Seismic Design Category

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 12

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

7. Define the Structural System

Two parameters are relevant:

a.The Structural material

b.The Lateral-Load Resisting Systems

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 13

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 14

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 15

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Moment Resisting Frame • The Load is

transferred by shear
in columns, that
produces moment in
columns and in
beams
• The Beam-Column
connection is crucial
for the system to
work
• The moments and
shear from later
loads must be added
to those from gravity
loads

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 16

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Shear Wall–Frame Interaction

10 Story Wall and Frame
Δ = 5.14 cm

Wall Thickness = 15
cm
Beam Section = 60
cm x 30 cm
Column Section = 50
cm x 50 cm

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 17

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

8. Define the Structural Configuration

9. Determine Design Parameters, from

Table 9. SNI 1726.

10. Structural Analysis Procedure

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 18

RC14-1352 Concrete Building Structures

Notes:

1.Structural Concrete Stiffness

Recommendations, refer to ACI/SNI

2.Structural Steel Requirements for Frame

Stability Analysis, refer to AISC/SNI:
- General 2nd Order Direct Analysis
- General 2nd Order Effective Length Analysis
- Amplified 1st Order Direct Analysis
- Amplified 1st Order Effective Length Analysis

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D. 19