WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 | VOLUME 22 • ISSUE 002 | KSHS.

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PROMOTING THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE PRACTICE OF THE QUANTITY SURVEYING PROFESSION

O F F I C I A L J O U R N A L O F T H E I N S T I T U T E O F Q U A N T I T Y S U RV E Y O R S O F K E N YA

Managing the Beyond

“Heart” of a Firm Reinforced
Qs Andrew Mandere’s Concrete:
Parting Shot Superior
Structures With
The IQSK Joint Post-Tensioned
Students’ Council Concrete
 2018 IQSK Annual
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Fourth Runner up
Best Quantity Surveyor
6. Best Senior Quantity
Contests, prizes Surveyor
& cocktail 7. 1st Nine
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9. Best Lady
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10. Longest Drive Men
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 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

COVER IMAGE
The Microsoft Auditorium - Strathmore Law School

CONTENTS
REGULARS
Editorial 4 p.9

Chairman’s Report 6
Interesting Construction Facts 8
Pictorial 20
Current Construction Cost in Kenya 28
Current Construction Costs Per Area in Kenya 36
Members in Good Standing 38
Directory of Consulting Quantity Surveying Firms 41

FEATURES & STORIES p.12

The Land Surveyor’s Lens:
The Suswa Fault Line Incident can be Better Studied by GNSS Technology 9
Opinion:
When It Caves 10
Management:
Managing The “Heart” of a Firm 12
World of Engineering:
Beyond Reinforced Concrete: Superior Structures with Post-Tensioned 14
Concrete
Opinion:
Essential Skills of the Future Quantity Surveyor 17
Student Corner:
p.26
The IQSK Joint Students’ Council 18
Student Corner:
Challenges of the Future 19
The History of Construction in Kenya:
The Rise of the National Construction Corporation (NCC) 26

WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 3

 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
EDITORIAL
TOWARDS
GREATER
GROWTH
A
s we present the second issue of
our Journal this year, we unveil
the newly elected members of the
IQSK Council who will serve the Institute
for the next two years, led by QS. Peter
Kariuki. We sincerely thank the out-going
Council, which was ably headed by QS.
Andrew Mandere, for their selfless service
in steering the Institute to greater heights.
The Editorial desk congratulates the new
Council and look forward to realizing
even greater achievements as an Institute,
under their leadership. In QS. Mandere’s
parting shot, you will notice the strides we
have made over the years as an Institute.
None of these would have been achieved
without your support. For this we are very
grateful.
We have prepared a selection of
insightful articles including one on the
use of technology to prevent, mitigate and
solve modern-day issues in construction.
The article focuses on the widening of
the Suswa fault line, and how technology
could have been applied to prevent and/
or manage the disaster. In an era where
considerable strides have been made in
technological advancement, it is only
prudent to use the same to improve the
quality of life. This article highlights one
way in which we could begin doing this.
Meeting with one of the founding members Qs. Hazron Maira based in the U.K. who paid a courtesy
call to the Secretariat with some of the current Council members.
4 APR - JUN 2018
In view of the recent collapse of yet
another building, it is evident that the
issue is yet to be conclusively resolved.
We revisit this pending issue of collapsing
buildings in the country, highlighting the
roles and responsibilities of the different
parties involved in the construction
process. It is high time we all took up
our responsibilities and did away with
the common practice of passing the buck
which leaves issues unresolved and results
in continued destruction of property and
loss of life. Our regular articles from the
World of Engineering, the History of
Construction in Kenya, and others have
also been included in this Issue.
There is a palpable positive vibe in the
economic atmosphere, with the economy
set to improve now that the long-awaited
budget has been unveiled and with it,
the resources set aside for the ‘Big Four’
agenda. It is our sincere hope that this
indicative plan will provide the necessary
momentum for the steady growth of the
economy and no doubt, of the construction
industry as well.
Enjoy the read!
Portia Ajayo
Assistant Editor
THE TEAM
EDITOR
Qs. Sylvester Oluoch
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Qs. Portia Ajayo
DESIGN AND LAYOUT
Eric Ng’ang’a
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Qs. Sylvester Oluoch
Qs. Portia Ajayo
Qs. Jasan Wanyoike
Dr. Qs. Njeri Wachira-Towey
Qs. Mutinda Mutuku
Asst. Qs. David Derrick
George Gitau
Ernest Nyakundi
Jemimah Kaluvi
IQSK EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Qs. Peter S. Kariuki Chairman
Qs. James Munene Vice Chairman
Qs. Mutinda Mutuku Hon. Secretary
Qs. Andrew Mbuku Hon. Treasurer
Qs. Jennifer Musyimi Hon. Registrar
Qs. Joel Gichimu Ass. Hon. Secretary
Qs. Andrew Mandere Immediate Past
Chairman
COUNCIL MEMBERS
QS. Gladys Wahome
Qs. Sylvester Oluoch
Qs. Jordan Rabach
Qs. Adeline Dindi
Qs. Kennedy Mwendwa
IQSK SECRETARIAT
Faith Murigu Executive Officer
Lydiah Chege Finance & Admin Officer
Victorine Chasia Administrative Assistant
Kadiri Atsenga Office Assistant & Driver
PROMOTING THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE PRACTICE OF THE QUANTITY SURVEYING PROFESSION
The Quantity Surveyor, the official journal of
the Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya
(IQSK), is published quarterly by IQSK located
at Blue Violets Plaza, office 106 along the
Kindaruma Road/Kamburu Drive junction.
P. O. Box 13929-00800, Nairobi, Kenya
TO ADVERTISE CONTACT;
Mobile: 0721-676823 / 0786-676824
Email: info@iqskenya.org
iqsknrb@gmail.com
Website: www.iqskenya.org
DISCLAIMER
All correspondence to the editor is assumed
to be intended for publication. The Quantity
Surveyor admits no liability for unsolicited
articles or pictures, which must be
accompanied by a self addressed stamped
envelope. Whilst every effort has been made
to ensure the accuracy of the information
contained in this journal, the authors,
publishers and editors accept no responsibility
for any loss, financial or otherwise, sustained
by any person using this information. No
part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in retrieval systems or transmitted in
any form or any means without prior written
permission of IQSK. All rights reserved.
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG
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 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
CHAIRMAN’S REPORT
OPENING A NEW CHAPTER
AT THE IQSK
The New Council Members (2018-2020) with the Scrutineers, Prof. QS Hezekiah Gichunge and QS Festus Litiku
A
t the 23rd Annual General Meeting held at the Sarova
Hotel on 24th May, 2018 the Institute of Quantity
surveyors of Kenya (IQSK) Members elected a twelve [12]
member Council to lead the Institute for the next two years. I
was elected the Chairman of the 1400 Member strong Institute
for this period. For this honor, I wish to thank all our members
and promise that my Council will do all that is within its power
to take the Institute to the next level.
The Institute would not have been where it is without the
wise and bold leadership of our founding fathers who founded
it twenty four years ago, and the succeeding leadership up to,
and including, the immediate past council led by QS. Andrew
Mandere. We salute you for steering this ship selflessly thus far.
We are going to build on the infrastructure you have laid for us.
My Council is taking the Captainship at a time when there
is a raging debate on the Big four National Legacy pillars for
the Jubilee Government led by His Excellency Uhuru Muigai
Kenyatta. This are: Universal Health care, Food Security,
Manufacturing and Affordable Housing. We at IQSK are alive
to the fact that this can never be realized without the input of the
Construction Industry. For this reason the IQSK fully supports
the Government’s initiatives and is ready and willing to support
the Government and to share ideas when called upon towards the
realization of these goals. All the Four [4] pillars must be housed
somewhere but probably affordable housing is what will rattle all
the players in the construction Industry.
On technology, Expanded Polystyrene System (EPS) panels
seems to be the system favored to deliver the housing pillar. This is
on account of speed and environmental considerations. However,
other local material e.g. stabilized soil blocks, which could also fit
the bill seem to have been relegated to the side for now. Other
considerations would be culture preservation using design and
materials available at the county levels. There is, therefore, space
for more exploration in this area.
The Budget was finally delivered at Parliament by the
Cabinet Secretary for Treasury, Henry Rotich, on 15th June
2018. Again, the Budget is seen as complimentary to the Big
Four Agenda as stated by his Excellency, the President. In this
Budget, approximately 400 billion Shillings was set aside for
the four sectors. Other stimulus actions have also been built
into the Budget. These include: reducing the Corporate Tax to
13 % for providing 100 units per annum, down from 400 Units,
Government Security to external Financing companies, Final
Product Uptake Guarantee and, finally, partnership and provision
6 APR - JUN 2018
of land. This is, therefore, a wakeup call for all of us in the industry
to see how we fit in all these.
Just like the government has done my Council has laid out
Four pillars on which to pursue its legacy for the next two years.
These are mainly i) Empowering our customers (members); ii)
Capacity building of the people who serve our customers; iii)
Systems and processes through which our customers are served;
and iv) financial freedom. This Council has recognized that the
reason for its being is the membership of the institute, whom we
shall take as our customers in the organization.
Our focus will be heavy on training and creation of an
environment rich of opportunities for our members. The
government’s four pillars provide such an opportunity. We shall,
therefore, be seeking opportunities to engage the government
and explore ways in which the local practitioners can be brought
on board in its undertakings. Some of the proposals include
having national competitions which will give everyone an equal
opportunity to participate in providing an affordable housing
solution. The other idea could be to give it the Economic
Stimulus approach where it is broken into smaller units that are
consumable locally. This will ensure that there is a trickledown
effect to all corners of the economy and, most importantly, that
these resources will be re-invested back into the local economy.
The industry has the capacity to accommodate both local and
international partners. There should, therefore, be enough for all.
However, a clear demarcation needs to be set for the requirements,
between what must be sourced locally and what needs to be
imported.
We have also realized that a skilled, happy person serving
customers will translate into happy customers. We will, therefore,
be building better capacity and training on areas that we find we
are deficient in at the Secretariat. Systems and Processes form the
third pillar which we are geared to focus on. This will ensure that
information is well stored and transmitted swiftly and accurately.
Finally we believe that our fourth Pillar, which is the financial
freedom, will be achieved from a happy and satisfied customer
who is enthusiastic of programs lined up for him. He will not only
be ready to pay for them but pay in a timely manner.
My Council and I will be engaging with the membership of
our Institute as we believe that it is in working together that we
shall realize our objectives
Peter Kariuki
IQSK, Chairman
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG
 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

PARTING SHOT

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

SUPPORT
I
joined the IQSK Council in the year 2010 as a Council
Member without knowing what was awaiting me. Once inside,
I came face-to-face with the reality of several issues that
I previously did not know existed or which I had never taken
time to understand. These realities included the lack of funds to
run the Institute leading to low wages for the Secretariat’s staff,
poor office accommodation for the Institute (the Institute was
operating from a one-roomed DSQ leased from one of our Senior
Quantity Surveyors). The rent was minimal but the Institute was
hardly able to meet its obligations. There were hardly any Policies
guiding the Council on how to run the Institute. The staff at the
Secretariat were only three.
The Council of 2010-2012 embarked on developing policies
and structures at the Institute, the most important of which was
the IQSK financial policy that greatly improved the financial
management of the Institute. It also developed the first Strategic
Plan 2011-2016 for the Institute which laid the foundation of
growth for the Institute in a structured manner. Some of the major
pillars of this first Strategic Plan included growth of membership
and growth of the financial base of the Institute. Subsequent
Councils have built on that Strategic Plan and have continued to
guide the Institute to greater growth and development to a well-
structured professional association that is gradually headed to a
world-class status in the not distant future.
The annual budget of the Institute in 2010 was about Kenyan
Shillings three million. Currently it is in the region of Kenya
Shillings eighteen million. Membership in 2010 was less than
four hundred as compared to over one thousand two hundred
currently.

“I wish to assure the Quantity

Surveying fraternity that I served
with a singular mindedness of
ensuring a great and respectable
Institute of integrity that will outlive
all of us.”
From the abode at a DSQ in 2010, the Institute now prides
itself as the owner of its own office bought through the goodwill
of the members and strategic partners with the leadership of the
IQSK Councils. The Institute’s profile has grown over the years
and now it is well positioned to be heard and listened to by not
only those in the industry but also by the Governmental bodies.
On the welfare of members the Institute has since put in place
a medical insurance scheme for members, their staff and/or family
and also launched a benevolent fund. In addition the Institute has
continued to hold the Continuous Professional Development of
members through conducting fairly priced Seminars.
I would like to give credit to all our members and all the
various Council Members who have over time worked selflessly
to make our dream come true. For all the honour and support
accorded to me by our members to serve in the Council and
later as your Chairman I salute you. Through serving in the
IQSK Council I have learnt many things especially to do with
governance, leadership and people skills. I believe the gains in
these areas are worth more than personal sacrifices that go with
serving. For this reason I shall forever be greatly indebted to all
our members. I wish to assure the Quantity Surveying fraternity
that I served with a singular mindedness of ensuring a great and
respectable Institute of integrity that will outlive all of us.
However, if I erred in any way or offended any member in
the course of my stay at the IQSK Council I would like to assure
everyone that it was inadvertent. I leave the helm of IQSK a
proud Quantity Surveyor. I am confident that the new leadership
that you elected into office in May this year will take IQSK to
even higher levels. It has a good mix of old hands with experience,
digital age members and a good balance of both genders. I wish
them every success in achieving the goals and objectives of the
Institute as per the Strategic Plan, 2018-2023
Long live IQSK and God bless our new Council.
QS Andrew Mandere is the Immediate Past Chairman of the
Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya. He served as the Chairman
of the Institute from 2014 – 2018.

WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 7

 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
INTERESTING CONSTRUCTION FACTS
MATERIALS THAT WILL
TRANSFORM CONSTRUCTION IN
THE FUTURE
By Jasan Wanyoike
The Leaning Tower of Pisa - Italy
A
ll construction is prone to defects,
some defects are latent while
some are more manifest (patent
defects). The sight of a leaning tower,
slanted columns, glaring cracks, odd
colours and other tell-tale signs indicate
the presence of defects, sometimes even
to the untrained eye. Engineers and
Architects have technical references for
looking out for defects and sometimes
include expensive tests such as hammer
tests, infra-red, sonar tests etc. to establish
the presence of defects. Defects are caused
by bad design, poor workmanship and
defective materials. The best way to deal
with them is to prevent their occurrence.
In this article, we look at some simple
ways that can be used by both experts and
unskilled persons to identify common
defects in construction.
Lumber
Warped, curved or misshapen timber is a
straight giveaway for defects. Unseasoned
8 APR - JUN 2018
timber poses quite a challenge. To check
for well-seasoned timber (tantalised
timber), check the cross section of the
wood, because the seasoning changes the
colour of the grain. Well done pressure
impregnation should produce a consistent
shade to the inner parts. For Creosote and
copper preservatives, the shade on surfaces
has to be consistent on all exposed faces
of the timber to indicate solvent dipping
rather than paint brushing.
Concrete and masonry
Concrete materials must be checked
before batching. The sand must be checked
for silt, the ballast must be free of foreign
materials and water must be potable water.
Once the mixing has been done, a simple
slump test will tell if the mix is adequate.
For reinforced concrete, tests are usually
commissioned for strength characteristics.
However, any exposed reinforcement is a
defect. Flaking or falling off mortar with
hand touch should be a matter of concern.
Honeycombing is definitely another clear
defect. Such defects may be harbingers
of large scale defects when they are
ubiquitous. Check that the stones do
not fragment easily. Exposed stonework/
concrete work must be not exposed to
stagnant water or leaks – this will show up
as efflorescence once it dries out.
Steel and aluminium
Steel is mostly tested at the materials
stage and few defects can be attributed to
workmanship. All steel must be properly
primed before fixing. Check for the
weld characteristics, inconsistent welds
with holes are a problem. Weld must
for be for entire joints and must follow
specifications. Check that all bolts and
screws are consistent and none are missing.
Importantly, confirm using callipers the
dimensions of the sections. Rusty steel
is another warning sign. For aluminium,
ensure that it is powder-coated and not
spray-painted. Powder coat is thicker,
harder to scratch and rarely peels with the
fingernail scratch. Spray paint will not be
consistent on aluminium and will easily
scratch. Any bubbling on paint indicates
a problem. Anodised aluminium coat
should not come off. Good grade stainless
steel must not rust, check for pitting
corrosion on any stainless steel item
including fixing screws.
Water ingress
Most water leakage problems can be
traced to poor workmanship, cracks, or
improper mixes. Missing water bars on
window sills, improperly constructed or
missing flashings will most likely also lead
to defects. Damp proof membrane must
be consistently laid and of appropriate
thickness. Unfortunately, water ingress
defects are only detected latently and the
best way is to supervise the workmanship
and obtain guarantees for specialised
work.
When defects have been suspected, it
is then best to consult an expert and carry
more tests to ascertain the extent and
remedies available
The writer is a practising Quantity Surveyor and
Project Manager at E-Scan Projects Ltd.
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG

THE LAND SURVEYOR’S LENS
THE SUSWA FAULT LINE
INCIDENT CAN BE BETTER
STUDIED BY GNSS TECHNOLOGY
By Derrick Koome
I
n March 2018, Kenyans witnessed an
interesting phenomenon: A section
of the Mai Mahiu – Narok Road was
rendered impassable after it split following
heavy rains that led to flooding. In true
Kenyan fashion, fears were propagated in
tabloids and social media that the country
was splitting into two.
Geologists were quick to respond and
allay fears of a split. The explanation given
was that deep seated volcanic ash from
the surrounding volcanic Mt. Longonot
area had been washed away leaving a four
meter by six meter deep gulley. The gulley
extended up to 3 kilometers.
There was a subtle chest-thumping by
the geologists who claimed that the road
was built without their consultation. Had
they been involved during the feasibility
phase, they would have advised against
building the road under deep underground
fault lines.
Despite the conclusion that splitting
of the country was not possible in a short
span of time, one geologist alluded to the
need for an investment in research in the
affected areas. If, indeed, the country was
splitting, it would occur at a rate of 1mm
in a period of a million years or so, a claim
was made.
In my opinion, the best way to be
sure of these claims would be to do actual
measurements using a technology known
as Global Navigation Satellite Systems
(GNSS). This would involve installing
Continuously Operating Reference
Systems (CORS) stations, not only in the
affected area, but across the country hence
forming a nationwide CORS network.
These stations continuously log
GNSS observables and are able to detect
even the slightest movements of tectonic
plates or other underground movements.
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG
Since the Suswa fault was caused by heavy
rains flooding out deposits of volcanic
ash, a CORS network can also be used to
model the atmosphere (troposphere and
ionosphere) over Kenya contributing to
atmospheric studies and more accurate
weather predictions.
Currently, according to CORSMAP
(www.corsmap.com), there are only four
publicly known CORS in the country.
Three are run by institutions and one by
an individual. Kenya Power, the country’s
sole power distributor, is said to have 19
CORS stations distributed across towns
in Kenya. However this investment is
for the company’s own private use and
little is known about it. I think they
might be irked by the fact that I have this
information.
Since Kenya has not experienced
natural disasters by way of earthquakes
of 7.0 Richter Scale, there has been
little concern about the need to study
the country’s seismic activity. Countries
like Japan that experience such kind of
disasters more often are so advanced in
their CORS network that studies resulting
from those installations can adequately
predict the next earthquake.
Another application of a CORS
network would be to standardize the
geodetic framework of the continent.
This is French for “standardizing the unit
of measurement” used by surveyors and
other professionals when carrying out
GNSS measurements. Imagine a QS who,
in every country they get work, has to use
a different standard of measurement say
feet, inches, millimeters etc. This means
they constantly have to convert to a unit
they are most familiar with to get a sense
of what they’re looking at.
If all countries in Africa had a
THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
network of CORS stations, it would
be easier to have a unified Geodetic
Reference Frame. However, there is work
in progress in this stead. Africa under the
auspices of an initiative called AFREF
(African Geodetic Reference Frame) is
trying to push for installation of this key
infrastructure in all the African countries.
How the countries are responding to this
call is a topic for another day.
From the Suswa fault line incident, it
is now becoming evident that the clamor
to have CORS installations across the
country is not an item agenda for surveyors
only but for geologists and meteorologists
as well.
One of the victims of the fault line,
which extends three kilometers, spoke of
how his house started splitting when they
were enjoying dinner in the evening. They
immediately scampered for safety and
with assistance from neighbors managed
to save their belongings. Unfortunately,
they could not save the house which was
subsequently ‘swallowed’ by the unfolding
fault line.
To prepare better for these kind of
incidents, let’s see how we can kick-start
the conversation to install a comprehensive
CORS network for our country. Should
workshops be conducted to help us better
understand this technology? Mind you,
professionals and experts in this area are
not lacking. If all universities and research
institutions had one such installation
each, we would have covered good ground
already
Author’s Note
By sharing a platform with writers
better than myself, I do not claim
to be an expert of anything. I am
only guilty of having the courage to
write of what little I know about.
Help me to write better by sharing
your thoughts of what you think of
the articles or by suggesting topics
that you think a land surveyor could
provide a perspective to a QS. My
e-mail address is koome09@gmail.
com. Thanks and keep well!
The writer is a Survey Engineering Consultant
based in Nairobi. For more information about him,
visit his LinkedIn profile using the link https://
ke.linkedin.com/in/derrick-koome-352b9978
APR - JUN 2018 9
 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
OPINION
WHEN IT CAVES
By Lynda Caroline
A
nother one bites the dust. And
along with it, the adjacent
residential flat. Not that we are
counting, but a crevice forms within our
experts-in-construction village. And
we can feel it, like an angina pectoris
attack. This particular one happened on
02/06/2018 in Huruma Estate, a crowded
middle class residential estate in Nairobi.
Government Inspectors had already
raised the red flag to this flat but some of
the tenants threw all caution to the wind
and gave it the green signal. Haven’t they
been living and sleeping in it anyway?
Unfortunately for the select few hard on
the ears tenants, the structure’s headwinds
caught up with them and seconded the
Government Inspector’s adage; to be
forewarned is to be forearmed.
During the last few intervening years,
there has been an almost consistent picture
in which a building collapses within the
country. The rate at which the number
is rising is alarming and it seems the
country hit a tangent only best known to
Mother Nature. Fortunately, the President
H.E Uhuru Kenyatta commissioned
a compulsory structural audit for all
buildings within Nairobi County when
10 APR - JUN 2018
the situation trajectory of the increase
in number of structural failures crossed
his line of sight. Shockingly, only 42% of
the buildings received a positive nod and
were declared safe and sound. That begs
the question: Are we headed to see more
buildings settling and what could be the
root cause? This article intends to shed
light on the causes of collapse of high-rise
buildings and answer whether they are
built to last.
A high-rise building has a skeletal
structure referred to as the Reinforced
Concrete Frame. It comprises of suspended
slabs (floors), columns and beams. The
Reinforced Concrete Frame is composite
in nature in that it entails concrete and
reinforcement bars. Concrete is a mixture
which is weak in tension and strong in
compression. Concrete comprises of
cement, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse
aggregate (ballast) which are carefully
mixed in appropriate portions using water
“Some contractors completely choose to ignore
instructions from the Structural Engineer and
design from the structural drawing.”
as the solution to form a thick paste - in
layman’s terms – which is then poured
onto reinforcement bars. Reinforcement
bars (steel) are meant to carry the tension
forces within concrete; which hinders
concrete from warping and sagging when
poured onto formwork. This means that
the reinforcement has to be carefully
chosen by a structural engineer so that
the re-bars can bear the concrete without
giving in.
For every class of concrete, there is
a reinforcement bar to it. In this view
one of the major reasons to collapse is
poor structural design/ errors in design
computation from the structural engineer.
While on this, developers find it costly
to pay consultancy fees to professionals
in the construction industry. This leads
to them sourcing quack professionals
who barely take into consideration
structural design parameters. With
time, the high-rise building will cave in
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solely based on structural design. Some
contractors completely choose to ignore
instructions from the Structural Engineer
and design from the structural drawing.
The ignorance leads to construction of a
drawing which was originally not on plan.
Failure to observe and follow details on
plan will lead to the eventual collapse of
the building.
Naturally, concrete is known to get
stronger over a period of time. Materials
that go into the preparation of concrete
have a specific standard that should be
met. Unfortunately, the suppliers provide
substandard/counterfeit materials within
the market –to ignorant developers-; at a
cheaper rate, which cannot hold together
over a period of time. This leads to the
reinforced concrete frame becoming weak
as the materials wear off over a period of
time.
Developers often look at a construction
project from the angle of making profits.
Therefore, due to the impatience of
following the tried and tested patience
of construction, they rush the contractor
into completing the works. The contractor
fails to carry out critical activities such
as geotechnical investigation before
proceeding with construction. Since the
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building will not settle while it is a storey
up, the results for failure of geotechnical
investigation will show at higher floor
levels. The building will start settling and
cracks will form along the joints which
eventually will lead to the collapse of the
structure. Whilst on the gear of rushing
the contractor to complete the works,
the contractor will not put into practise
curing time for concrete. As the structure
rises, the preceding suspended floors will
not withstand the loading subjected to
them from upper floors. Eventually, the
slabs will collapse and the entire structure
gradually.
In a bid to make more money, the
developers do not follow regulations set
aside by the local authority in terms of
zoning. Certain geographical locations are
meant to have specific structures put up.
Bypassing this regulation will impose the
ground to overloading which will lead to
the eventual collapse of a building. Some
developers fail to follow the plan that
has been approved by the local authority
and go ahead to construct more number
of floors. This leads to overloading the
structure which leads to its eventual
collapse. Moreover, government officials
give leeway to some developers once their
THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
OPINION
“Eventually during
the weekly site
meeting, eye stares
will be exchanged
when it turns out
that the construction
taking place is totally
different.”
hands are greased and this causes them to
turn a blind eye to the inefficiencies of the
ongoing works.
Some structures are doomed to fail
as a result of poor workmanship. The
labourers on site are untrained, unskilled
and commit little or no time to learn.
Construction technology has changed
over time. Unfortunately for the labourers,
they cannot put up with the changes
and therefore cave as the building caves;
leaving most decisions to past experiences.
To the natural eye, the structure will just
be out of plumb. To the design team, the
structure will be an accident waiting to
happen.
Communication breakdown from
the design team to the executing team
on ground could lead to the case of
labourers hearing one thing and executing
a different thing altogether. Eventually
during the weekly site meeting, eye stares
will be exchanged when it turns out that
the construction taking place is totally
different. With the rush decision of not
losing the money already spent on the
works, the contractor will give himself
a go-ahead; whose results will be seen
eventually.
One cannot rule out the possibility of
a building collapsing due to it exceeding
its design life when mitigation measures
are not taken to sustain it longer.
Lastly, natural calamities such as
landslides; heavy rains which lead to
liquidation of soil could also lead to the
collapse of a building. Buildings are
constructed on Mother Nature herself, in
her soil. And when she groans, she tears
buildings apart.
The collapse of a building is a scar
that that particular site will have to bear
for a very long time. One publisher once
wrote that the mistakes of an engineer
can be seen while those of a doctor can be
felt. It is upon us within the construction
industry to strive to build to last
The writer is a Graduate Quantity Surveyor
working in Nairobi.
APR - JUN 2018 11
 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
MANAGEMENT
PART TWO
MANAGING THE “HEART”
OF A FIRM
By Seraphine Okemwa
I
n the first part of this write-up in the
previous journal, we looked at 7 out
of the 14 Principles of Management
developed by Henry Fayol. In this current
journal Issue, we look at the remaining 7
principles and how they apply in a typical
QS firm:
1. Centralisation or
decentralization:
Whereas centralization seeks to achieve
absolute authority at the top level,
decentralization seeks to increase the role
of the subordinate in the firm’s decision
making. Of course, depending on the size
of the firm either would be commendable.
In an efficient system, both should have
an arena depending on what decision
is to be made. Where a firm is running
under absolute centralization or absolute
decentralization, chances are high that it
may be difficult to come up with objective
decisions. Whereas the former may be
deemed as autocracy when taken to the
extreme, the other may lead to anarchy.
12 APR - JUN 2018
Centralization or decentralization ought
to be implied in a firm’s organization
culture, so that employees clearly know
the demarcation between the decisions
they can make on behalf of the firm and
those that management purely reserves
the right to make, to avoid wrongful acts.
“Social order is
achieved through the
management process
of organization and
selection.”
2. Scalar chain:
This refers to the number of levels on the
hierarchy from ultimate authority to the
lowest level. Given that most firms have
relatively few employees, the hierarchy
at most would have two levels before
one consults the ultimate authority. It is
however noteworthy that the longer this
chain is, the slower will be the process
of decision making and positive change
(where needful). This does not pose as
a principle challenging to keep in most
firms by the virtue of the fact that most
quantity surveying firms are small.
3. Order:
This principle seek to address both social
and material order. Whereas social order
ensures that the firm gets the most suitable
person for the specific job, material
order ensures safe, appropriate and
specific use and placement of resources
minimizing risk of waste and loss. To
achieve material order, a firm should have
systems and procedures in place for use
and management of these resources and
train staff on their use and significance.
Social order is achieved through the
management process of organization
and selection. A firm should ensure that
for any job, it should seek to secure the
most suitable person during staffing and
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selection.
4. Equity:
In the operations of a firm, the requisite
balance of kindness, fairness and justice
must be achieved. Employees must be
treated equitably and with kindness if
they would be required to render loyalty
to their work. There should be impartiality
and indiscrimination regardless of age,
sex, religion and relation.
It is however important to acknowledge
that at times employees may require some
level of “force and harshness… for the
sake of equity” as Fayol would put it. The
level of devotion and commitment varies
in a normal situation from employee to
the next. Where due diligence is wanting,
and all necessary provisions have been
made to ensure successful execution of
mandate, employers may feel obliged to
prevail over such employees in order to
realize the required or expected level of
performance. This however must be done
within the provisions and the spirit of the
employment contract, code of ethics and
other applicable standards and laws set to
protect employees.
5. Stability of tenure:
This refers to the period of service in any
job. Fayol notes that it is not a positive
aspect that employees move frequently
from one job to another. Similarly, he
acknowledges that job security is a high
motivator to employees. A high rate of
employee turnover in a firm tells against
any firm and its reputation as well. Any
person will feel safe to know that they are
part of a team with members who have
worked with the firm for a considerable
period of time. They feel less threatened
as they serve and will always hope for a
better future, when at the onset things
are not favourable. This is motivated
by the fact that their fellow employees
who started off just the same way and
went through the phases of the learning
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“To enhance team spirit, employees should be
encouraged to develop reasonable informal
relationships amongst themselves.”
curve, are still serving the firm. Hence,
they are well motivated to pledge their
loyalty, increasing their productivity and
benefiting the firm.
6. Initiative:
This principle acknowledges that the
management should provide opportunity to
its employees to suggest ideas, experiences
and new method of work. Today, this has
been defined as “intrapreneurship”. This
practise of management communicates
that the employer trusts the employees
and values their opinions as well. While
it helps develop confidence and loyalty
within the employees, if the initiative
is innovative and beneficial, it leads to
the augmentation of a firm’s profit, as
compared to if innovation was not allowed.
However, to sustain energy and zeal of the
ambitious, innovative employee, the firm
THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
MANAGEMENT
should encourage them through money or
non – money incentives.
7. Esprit de Corps:
This refers to team spirit, as would typically
be expressed by members of a work group,
inspiring them to work harder hence
delivering more. To instil team spirit,
Fayol advocates that employers should
guard against instituting competing
teams as this may work adversity and
hence decrease their motivation to work
in the long run, especially on the side
of the “losing team”. To enhance team
spirit, employees should be encouraged to
develop reasonable informal relationships
amongst themselves. They should
be motivated through team building
activities and events and above all, they
should be rewarded for good performance.
Those who do not achieve expected
performance, should as well be given a
chance to improve by being allocated
duties and being empowered through
trainings, a way of motivating them to still
participate in their respective teams.
To effectively manage people, who at
the beginning we identified as the heart
of the organization all these principles
should be upheld. For when employees
are not managed appropriately, then
performance is affected, affecting the
general performance of the firm. This then
makes us to correctly conclude that the
heart of the problem is the problem of the
heart
The writer is an Assistant Quantity Surveyor at
Masterbill Integrated Projects Ltd.
APR - JUN 2018 13
 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
WORLD OF ENGINEERING
PART ONE
BEYOND REINFORCED CONCRETE:
SUPERIOR STRUCTURES WITH
POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE
By Roderick Obeja
Figure 1: Questworks PT Setup, Nanyuki
I
intend to write a trilogy on post-
tensioned (PT) concrete, with the first
part dwelling on its history, principles,
benefits and advantages; second part
looking at PT in construction and design
aspects; and third part dwelling on variety
of application of PT and economics of
PT. All this is because where I work, we
are immersed in design and construction
of PT structures, and we see its benefits
and application daily, and it is necessary to
sing to tell stories of what we are doing so
that we all can be happy.
Concrete has a higher compressive
strength compared to steel, whereas steel
has a higher tensile strength compared to
concrete. Pre-stressed concrete, of which
post-tensioning is a part, uniquely utilises
the inherent compressive strength in
14 APR - JUN 2018
“Structural engineers,
and those prepared for
the built environment
briefly study pre-
stressed concrete.”
concrete, to provide additional structural
strength in concrete structures.
In this trilogy, post tensioned concrete
is discussed as an effective and economical
solution for high-rise structures for
floor construction, in comparison with
reinforced concrete structures, inherently
making it superior to reinforced concrete.
The superior advantages provided by PT
include: longer spans, reduced structural
depths, water tight elements, crack-free
slabs, improved deflection control and
capacity under service loads, improved
aesthetics due to optimised column sizes
and locations, economical structural
elements particularly in slabs and beams
for spans beyond 7m.
An in-depth understanding of the
design and analysis of post tensioning
in concrete structures, and quality in
construction materials and processes are
irreducible minimums in PT structures.
If PT is adopted more in design and
construction in East Africa, superior
concrete structures, significant cost
savings, aesthetically more agreeable
structures will be realised, as has been
achieved the world over. Structural
engineers, and those prepared for the built
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Figure 2: Stressing Principle
environment briefly study pre-stressed
concrete. It is not enough to know about
these benefits, we need to actually design
and build using these solutions we know
about, and we can, if we want to. Through
this trilogy, design and analysis principles
in post tensioning, practical aspects of PT
construction, and economics possible for
ordinary reinforced concrete structures
compared to their counterpart post
tensioned structures are presented.
1.0 Introduction
Post Tensioned (PT) construction
has a decisive technical and economic
advantage over its counterpart and more
traditional, Reinforced Concrete (RC).
PT concrete is an innovative use of
complementary materials: concrete and
high tensile steel. When steel is used to
pre-compress the concrete, an advantage
is introduced because concrete has a high
compressive strength, which compensates
for its low tensile strength (10% of its
compressive strength). The combination
presents a structural element with superior
tensile and compressive force resistance
properties. The surprising significant cost
savings due to a myriad of factors which
will be discussed in this trilogy, do not
compromise on functionality, integrity,
elegance, or durability. It fact, often times,
Figure 3: PT Principle
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THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
WORLD OF ENGINEERING
structures are more serviceable as a result
of PT application.
The first post tensioned building in
East Africa is in Nairobi. This is the Sir
Thomas More building at Strathmore
University, completed in 2016. The region
has seen several pre-stressed concrete
solutions applied mainly on bridges and
civil structures, but rarely on buildings.
Many practicing structural engineers
receive a very basic and cursory education
in pre-stressed concrete, and hence will
lean towards reinforced concrete for all
structural challenges, instead of applying
pre-stressed concrete because in many
ways, it is a very innovative structural
solution. In addition, the construction
precision required in PT construction is
yet to be achieved in the local construction
industry. PT design and construction are
an opportunity for firms which are keen to
deliver quality and economy to clients and
developers. It is time we came of age and Figure 4: PT Principle
braver as engineers and other consultants some water tanks, dams in East Africa.
to deliver economically, reaping from The first post tensioned building in East
existing, sound and innovative structural Africa is the Strathmore University Sir
engineering applications. Thomas More Building in Nairobi, where
the suspended floor slabs are constructed
2.0 Brief history exclusively using post tensioned concrete,
A patent for pre-stressed material was with both design and construction done
taken out in California in 1886, but by a single regional company, born, bred
it was only in the late 1940s that pre- and buttered in Kenya, with activities
stressed concrete really began to develop. in the region. Today, the entire world
The shortage of steel in Europe after has used some form of pre stressing in
the Second World War opened the way concrete construction, and it is hoped that
for use of pre-stressed concrete in the pre-stressed concrete will gather the moss
period of reconstruction that followed the on the African continent. South Africa
war. Eugene Freyssinet, a Frenchman, is leads all of Africa in the use of PT. Can
respectfully regarded as the ‘father’ of pre- we not catch up as a region? What are we
stressed concrete. After much research afraid of ? Do we not know and can we not
throughout the early twentieth century, apply this innovative structural solution?
he managed to secure his first patent in Yes we can!
1928 and thus secured his theory of pre-
stressing. His first publication on the “In pre-stressed
subject was precisely entitled “A Revolution
in the Art of Building”. When Eugene concrete, the
developed and patented this technique
of pre-stressing concrete, he little realised
compressive stresses
the applications to which his invention introduced into areas
would be put in future years. Spectacular
growth in the use of pre-stressed concrete where tensile stresses
took place after the Second World War in
Europe to repair and reconstruct bridges. develop under load will
It is now a widely used and accepted Civil
Engineering construction material. The
resist or annul these
first post tensioned buildings were erected tensile stresses.”
in the USA in the middle of the twentieth
century using un-bonded post tensioning, 3.0 Principles
some post tensioned structures were built Pre-stressed concrete is simply pre-
in Europe quite early but the widespread compressed concrete. A compressive stress
and real development took place in is applied into a concrete member before
Australia and the USA. it begins its working life and is positioned
Pre-stressed construction has been in areas where tensile stresses will develop
used in mostly on precast bridges and under working load. We are concerned
APR - JUN 2018 15
 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
WORLD OF ENGINEERING
Figure 5: PT Strands
about tensile stresses because although
concrete is strong in compression, it
is weak in tension. Steel is strong in
tension, and weak in compression. In pre-
stressed concrete, the compressive stresses
introduced into areas where tensile
stresses develop under load will resist or
annul these tensile stresses. The concrete
will then behave as if it had a high tensile
strength of its own and, provided the
tensile stresses do not exceed the pre-
compression stresses, cracking cannot
occur at regions of high tensile stresses.
In daily life, the fundamental principle
of pre-stressing is applied by a person
moving several books, perhaps in a library,
by hand. As an alternative to stacking
them vertically, one on top of another and
supporting them underneath, they can be
lifted and moved in a horizontal stack, by
exerting pressure (through a compressive
force) with a hand on each end. In fact,
the higher the compressive force, the more
bricks can be supported, even more bricks
can be placed on top of the horizontal
stack. This is simply the principle of pre-
stressed concrete.
The American Concrete Institute
describes pre-stressed concrete as
“concrete in which there have been
introduced internal forces of such
magnitude and distribution that the forces
resulting from the given external loadings
are counteracted to a desirable degree”.
Two methods exist where pre-stressed
concrete is applied: pre-tensioning
and post tensioning. Pre-tensioning as
the word implies, is where the steel is
tensioned between abutments and then
concrete is placed in forms around it.
When the concrete has achieved sufficient
compressive strength, the steel is released
from the abutments, transferring the force
to the concrete through the bind that now
exists between the steel and the concrete.
In post tensioning, the concrete is cast
first in forms, allowed to set, before the
pre-stress is applied. The steel is usually
placed in position in a predetermined
profile, and concrete cast thereafter, or
ducts can be created in the concrete, and
16 APR - JUN 2018
the steel passed through thereafter. Post
tensioned concrete can be bonded or un-
bonded, both with critical differences and
advantages. Bonded PT occurs where
the concrete has a bond with the post
tensioned steel member through a cement
grout between the PT steel and the
concrete, while un-bonded PT is where a
sheath exists between the concrete and the
PT steel.
Since post tensioning is more versatile
than pre-tensioning and makes more
efficient use of the pre-stressing forces,
with less losses, ability to curve the PT
cables upwards at the supports thus
increasing shear resistance, this shall be
the basis of this article.
The benefits of post tensioned concrete
include:
• Designers have the opportunity to
impart internal forces to the concrete
structure to counteract and balance
loads sustained by the structure and
thus enable optimization in design
• The advantages of utilising the
advantage of the compressive strength
of concrete while circumventing its
inherent weakness in tension are
ingenious
• Post tensioned concrete combines
and optimises current very high
strength concrete and steel to result
in a practical and efficient structural
system.
PT concrete slabs have varied
pros over the reinforced concrete slab
counterpart and other structural systems
for both single and multi-level structures:
a. Longer spans can be used hence
reducing the number of columns,
resulting in larger, column free floor
areas hence greatly increasing the
“In fact, the higher
the compressive force,
the more bricks can be
supported, even more
bricks can be placed on
top of the horizontal
stack.”
flexibility of use for the structure and
resulting in higher rental incomes.
b. PT has a favourable influence upon
deflections of slabs under service
loads compared to RC. Undesirable
deflections under service loads can be
virtually eliminated, and deflection
capacities are increased for significant
spans
c. The total cost of materials, labour
and formwork required to construct a
floor is reduced for spans greater than
7 metres, hence providing superior
economy.
d. For the same imposed load, thinner
slabs can be used, allowing additional
building heights for the same
maximum building height with
resultant savings in façade costs. For
taller buildings, it allows for more
floors to be constructed within the
original building envelope.
e. PT slabs are virtually water proof,
depending on good and careful design,
detailing and construction.
f. PT floor slab construction is faster,
with earlier stripping of formwork,
reduced back propping requirements,
enabling faster construction cycles and
quick re-use of formwork
g. Post tensioned floor construction
requires less material handling, and
benefits on-site carnage requirements.
The strength of post tensioning
strands is approximately four times
that of conventional reinforcement,
hence reducing the total weight of
reinforcing material
h. Reduced floor dead loads are greatly
beneficial for columns and foundations
with reduced column and foundation
sizes and requirements. With reduced
columns, the net floor area available
for rent is increased
Roderick Obeja is a civil engineering graduate
member of the Uganda Institution of Professional
Engineers. He works with Questworks Limited,
www.questworks.co.ke, an Engineering,
Procurement and Construction firm focused on
turn-key delivery of real estate and renewable energy
projects. Questworks is engaged in the design and
construction of post tensioned concrete structures
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OPINION
ESSENTIAL SKILLS OF THE
FUTURE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
By Ernest Nyakundi
T
he year is 2002, two years since the
turn of the 21st Century. In the
United States of America, a need
arises. The Fourth Industrial Revolution
presents new challenges, one of which
has sparked immense interest from
the members of the national business
community, education leaders, and
policymakers. In the century before this,
man has achieved tremendous feats.
He can communicate with his fellow
men on the other side of the planet, get
any information he needs by the click
of a button, and, needless to say, he has
ventured into space. So robust is his
venture into space that he has mounted a
flag on the moon and left his footsteps on
it. But now he faces a challenge.
Apple Computer, Dell Computer
Corporation, Microsoft Corporation,
Cisco Systems Inc., AOL Time Warner
Foundation among others quickly convene
and form a coalition that establishes a
non-profit organization – The Partnership
for 21st Century Skills (P21). Its mission
– to identify the most important skills
required in the 21st Century.
2010, eight years later, The American
Management Association’s “AMA 2010
Critical Skills Survey” finds “that an
overwhelming number of respondents
believe that these 21st century skills are
important to their organizations today
and will become even more important in
the future.”
The findings of P21 have been adopted
and implemented into the curricula of
schools, school districts, and professional
development program.
What were their findings? Why
should Quantity Surveyors be interested
in this?
P21 identified skills that they
concluded are “the four most important
skills required in the 21st Century”. These
have come to be known as “The Four
Cs of 21st Century Learning” or simply
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as the “Four Cs.” These are: Creativity,
Communication, Collaboration and
Critical Thinking. The beauty of these four
is that they cut across the specialties and
sometimes end up being more important
than the specialty itself. A Quantity
Surveyor who cannot communicate is
better not used for any project. In similar
fashion, think of an Architect who is not
creative; I don’t even think there can be
such. A Construction Manager who lacks
collaboration skills; basically this one
cannot team up with other professionals
and players in the industry. Therefore,
these skills, trivial as they may seem,
should not be underestimated. They make
a very big difference. Quantity Surveyors,
particularly those currently in training,
have to nurture these skills so as to stay
relevant.
Creativity, according to Stein (1953),
is “a novel work that is accepted as tenable
or useful or satisfying by a group in some
point in time.” Being creative, in layman
terms, means solving a problem in a new
way. The future Quantity Surveyor, will
have to be able to come up with new
solutions for the ever changing challenges
of the profession. Creativity is and will
always be manifest in Quantity Surveying.
From small things, such as how a given
firm formats its Bills of Quantities to
how they handle massive projects, there
will always be a degree of novelty in their
works. Creativity is what gives this given
firm a competitive advantage over others
in the similar industry. That, in itself,
underlines the importance of creativity.
Communication, be it oral, written
or non-verbal, is a very vital skill. The QS
of the future has to have a fine mastery
of communication skills; his ability to
pass along or give information has to be
impeccable. Astonishingly, this is the
most underestimated skill of the four
Cs. The ability to communicate seems so
elementary that everyone, even those who
haven’t honed their communication skills,
believe they are masters at it. This belief,
perhaps, is the main reason why very few
graduates can write a cover letter that is
devoid of grammatical errors. If you are
one who has the ability to receive relevant
information, decode it and relay it in the
right manner to the right people, all these
within the right setting and at the right
time, the best is yet to come.
THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
The Quantity Surveyor has always
worked in teams, and will continue doing
so. Construction projects are too big
to be handled by any single individual.
Even then, he/she, the professional, will
have to work with masons, plumbers and
all other persons with specialties that he
has not. The future Quantity Surveyor,
may end up working with more than just
architects and engineers as is the norm.
He may end up working with software
programmers to create the next Quantity
Surveying software, or with lawyers to
better develop construction law and
mechanisms for dispute resolution in
the Construction Industry. The Internet
of things has made the boundaries that
existed between the disciplines fade away.
This has made collaboration to be a key
skill for the future professionals; including
the Quantity Surveyor.
In ordinary living, people will always
anticipate certain outcomes, with a
preference for the desirable ones of course.
The use of cognitive skills and strategies
to increase the probability of achieving
a particular outcome is what Halpern in
her text “Thought and Knowledge: An
Introduction to Critical Thinking (1985)”,
defined as critical thinking. She also notes
that this thinking should be “purposeful,
reasoned and goal-directed.” The future
Quantity Surveyor, the relevant one, is
one who will have nurtured the skill of
critical thinking, and be able to utilize it
to get favourable outcomes for his clients,
his fellow team members in the industry
and his employees and associates.
The Four Cs are little things; little
things that make a big difference. Imagine
a Quantity Surveyor; one who constantly
comes up with new solutions for new
challenges (a creative mind); one who
effectively receives information and
passes it on to his fellow team members
in similar fashion (a good communicator);
one who can easily team up with other
professionals for the right cause (a good
collaborator); and finally, one who can,
through his cognitive skills, strategize and
achieve a given positive outcome (a good
critical thinker). Now imagine being on
the same project with him. Wonderful,
isn’t it? This Quantity Surveyor could be
you; with a little effort. Practice!
The writer is a Third Year Bachelor of Quantity
Surveying Student at the University of Nairobi.
APR - JUN 2018 17
 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

STUDENT CORNER

THE IQSK JOINT STUDENTS’ COUNCIL

The Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya is fully committed in its service to student members
and helping them find their footing in the profession. This commitment is what led to the formation
of the IQSK Joint Students Council ( JSC) under the Membership and Training Committee in the
Institute.
The Joint Students Council is a body that brings together student representatives from all
universities that offer training in Quantity Surveying. These are: the University of Nairobi, Jomo
Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology and Technical University of Kenya. The main
functions of the JSC include: ensuring student members of IQSK are well represented in the
Institute, ensuring students are involved in decisions which affect them, working hand-in-hand
with the Membership and Training Committee to organize student activities and coming up with
proposals meant to benefit student members of IQSK.
With the JSC in place, student members of IQSK can expect increased activities and closer
involvement with the Institute.

Ernest Nyakundi, Chairman – Joint Students Council.

Student Bodies in the Various Universities

1. University of Nairobi

Quantity Surveying Students at the University of Nairobi subscribe to the Construction and Real
Estate Students Association (CRESA). CRESA’s mission is “to ensure that members become well
nurtured professionals with a vast knowledge of the Construction and Real Estate Industry.” Its
vision is “to become the most vibrant and inclusive students’ association on the African Continent.”
CRESA has over the years worked very closely with IQSK to ensure that Quantity Surveying
students are well taken care of.

  Ernest Nyakundi, Quantity Surveying Chairman – CRESA.

2. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

Quantity Surveying Students at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
subscribe to the Interactive Construction Management Students Organization (ICOMSO). Its
mission is to “enhance and promote leadership, excellence, interaction, cohesion and networking
among student as well as our alumni in the built environment exposing them to the dynamics of
the professional field and industry at large.” Its vision is, “to lead in the interaction among students
and professional practitioners as well as acceptance of building sciences as a discipline that adds
significant value to the entire industry.”

Frank Mwangi, Chairman – ICOMSO.

 

3. The Technical University of Kenya

  Quantity Surveying Students at the Technical University of Kenya subscribe to the Construction
Students Association (CSA). The main objective of the Association is “to expose the students to the
construction industry hence enhancing their class knowledge.” This is done through collaborating
with key players in the construction industry.

Charles Dickens, Chairman – CSA.

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STUDENT CORNER
CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE
By Faith Tangara
A
s a fast-moving industry, the
construction sector faces new
challenges every year in a bid
to expand and experience widespread
success. The construction industry needs
to experience a robust growth rate, an
increase and improvement in innovation,
sustainability, economic growth and
leadership in the years to come.
However, it is important to look at
the possible future threats could still be in
store for construction firms.
Increased expenses
If there’s one thing we can be certain of
happening in the future, it’s that inflation
will continue to drive prices higher
and higher. The changing shape of the
financial sector may well have an impact
on the availability of credit in the future,
which could lead to an increased reliance
on alternative lenders and cash reserves.
As companies’ overheads are likely to
increase over the years, with rent, wages
and the cost of manufacturing materials
conspiring to create significant expenses
for your firm to overcome, accurate
accounting and job costing is likely to
prove crucial.
Environmental issues
One of the key measurable ambitions
and thus expected to be met by both
government and industry is a 50%
reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in
the built environment. It is understandably
difficult to work in an industry with
a focus on changing horizons and
landscapes without casting a thought to
the environment. Sparked by the emerging
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG
“Sparked by the emerging fear of climate change
two decades ago, construction has changed
dramatically to better cater for environmental
needs.”
fear of climate change two decades ago,
construction has changed dramatically to
better cater for environmental needs. From
the initial conception and architecture
of energy-recovery buildings through to
the growing use of eco-friendly materials,
these changes are likely to increase further
in future, particularly as ever-dwindling
supplies of non-renewable resources are
likely to present compelling cost-and-
supply arguments in favour of ‘greener’
alternatives.
Population growth
Population expansion is an issue set to
affect us all, including the construction
sector. Population growth will put
increased strain on the world’s resources,
with physical space representing one of
the most precious resources on the planet.
It’s up to architects and construction
workers to figure out how to use urban
spaces more efficiently and effectively,
accommodating more and more people in
comfort without depleting resources too
drastically.
Urban sprawl
While it’s important that we make the
most of what little space we have available
to us, we can’t do so at the expense of
green spaces and our nation’s natural
resources. Urban sprawl has been gradually
THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
encroaching upon the countryside, suburbs
and rural orbital spaces surrounding our
cities, but we can’t allow these resources to
be consumed entirely. It’s important that
the construction industry is allowed to
expand without rural areas having to pay
the price.
Compliance
Governments and lawmakers impose
industry legislation for a reason, but it’s
sometimes difficult to see past the red tape
as a construction firm. Industry legislation
is a major driver for change in a number of
different sectors. With safety engineering,
employee rights and numerous other
business management practices affected,
construction companies can often find
the red tape constrictive and counter-
intuitive. It is fully expected the challenge
of keeping pace and remaining compliant
with government legislature to continue
unabated in future. These issues and
many others are more than likely to cause
imminent concern amongst construction
firms in the years to come.
Having highlighted this, it is only wise to
prepare for the challenges of the future
today
The writer is a Second Year Bachelor of Quantity
Surveying Student at the University of Nairobi.
APR - JUN 2018 19
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PICTORIAL

CSR TREE-PLANTING ACTIVITY AT KEREITA FOREST ON 26TH MAY, 2018

On May 26, 2018, the IQSK fraternity led by the newly elected Chairman, Qs. P. Kariuki and the outgoing
Chairman, Qs. A Mandere planted over 3,000 trees in Kereita forest, Limuru as part of their plan to plant 30,000
trees which is to be spread over a period of time.

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PICTORIAL

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING HELD AT SAROVA-PANAFRIC HOTEL ON 24TH MAY, 2018

Members registers for the AGM Qs. Mutinda( Hon. Secretary) addresses members

The Works Secretary, QS. Okweto and Qs. Gladys Wahome Members during the proceeding of the AGM

Members during the proceeding of the AGM Immediate Past Chairman addresses Members

The launch of the IQSK 2018 -2022 strategic Plan. Qs. Gaitho raises a point

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PICTORIAL

Qs. James Munene (the outgoing Hon. Treasurer)

takes members through the Financial reports Members follow the proceedings

Qs. Litiku and Prof. Gichunge, the Scruitners during Some of the incoming council members(from left to right) Qs. Andrew
the election of the office bearers year 2018 – 2020 Mbuku, Qs. Joel Gichimu, Qs. Gladys Wahome and Qs. Adeline Dindi

Qs. Peter S. Kariuki(the incoming Chairman) addresses members Members enjoy the Chairman’s Cocktail

Members enjoy the Chairman’s Cocktail Members enjoy the Chairman’s Cocktail

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PICTORIAL

INDUSTRIAL VISIT TO SHEFFIELD STEEL SYSTEMS

STAFF & COUNCIL RETREAT HELD AT MAANZONI LODGE ON 22/23RD JUNE, 2018

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CAREER TALK AT UTHIRU GIRLS’ HIGH SCHOOL ON 23RD MAY, 2018

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 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
THE HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION IN KENYA
PART FIVE
THE EVOLUTION OF
BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION
CONTRACTING IN KENYA
By QS Barrack Obaga
I
n the early days the colonial government
in Kenya utilized the services of
contractors in its projects. Usually, the
government, through its Public Works
Department (PWD), used to issue
general notices to building contractors.
One such general notice was given on
January 18, 1921. Through this notice, the
PWD anticipated that there would be “a
large amount of building work…in many
parts of the country, including the Coast,
Highlands and Lake Districts.”
As early as the 1920’s, contracts were
based on “lump sum competitive tenders
prepared from drawings, specifications
and bills of quantities.” The contracts
sought by the colonial government
covered areas such as the erection of new
buildings, painting works, maintenance
of existing buildings and roads, and
construction of new roads and bridges.
Later on, in 1935, the PWD introduced
plumbing, sanitation and electrical works.
The general notice issued at the start of
the year 1921 was issued by the Director
of PWD, W. McGregor Ross. In the
26 APR - JUN 2018
“Like today, a contractor was expected to “furnish
proof of his ability to undertake the volume of work
he applies for, with efficiency and despatch.”
notice, contractors who were interested applications. Any contractor who was
in carrying out the projects were required considered unsuitable would be “struck
to write a letter to the department. The off the list and tenders from them will
submitted applications would then be not be invited unless and until they are
grouped in terms of the district of the reinstated.”
applicants and by the class of work The PWD was also involved in
applied for. Whenever construction works inviting tenders for the supply of building
would emerge in the course of the year, materials. Some of the materials that were
the Public Works Department would required for the projects included sand,
invite suitable contractors based on two seasoned timber and roofing tiles.
metrics: location and class of the project.
In addition to the contractor indicating The Group Hospital
their location and class of work, the The government of the day was involved
“value of building work he will be able to in a number of projects. Of particular
undertake per annum” was also required. interest were the hospitals. In the 1930s,
Like today, a contractor was expected to the government was committed to setting
“furnish proof of his ability to undertake up mixed-race institutions. On May
the volume of work he applies for, with 18, 1936, it was documented that the
efficiency and despatch.” Government Architect and a medical
The PWD would review the officer had been “examining in South
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG

Africa designs of hospitals for mixed
races…and it is hoped that the designs of
the new hospital will be thoroughly up-
to-date.”
The result of the assignment was a
proposal for a hospital complex called The
Group Hospital. It was meant to cater
for Africans, Indians and Europeans in
separate wards. It was to have the state
of the art medical equipment and staff.
However, the plans would collapse in 1935
due to lack of funds. Prior to the collapse,
the Legislative Council (LEGCO) had,
in fact, set aside 78,500 pounds for the
hospital.
Around this time, 2,400 pounds
had been allocated by the government
to the Mathari Mental Hospital. Until
September 16, 1924, this facility was
referred to as Mathari Lunatic Asylum.
Christine Nicholls in Red Strangers says
that the asylum housed “white inmates…
who reached rock bottom because of
alcoholism.”
The South Africans and the
Railway Project
In 1926, the colonial government in
Kenya had plans to set up new railway
offices. They sent Mr Felling, the then
General Manager of the Kenya Uganda
Railway, to confer with the South
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG
THE HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION IN KENYA
“During the assessment
of the designs, they
settled on a “very good
design from an architect
in South Africa.”
Africans. Under his leadership, architects
were invited to submit their designs for
the offices. During the assessment of
the designs, they settled on a “very good
design from an architect in South Africa.”
The costs for the project were made under
the supervision of the South African
architect. Thereafter, builders from Kenya
and South Africa were invited.
As part of the tendering process,
Mr Felling visited various building
contractors in Johannesburg and Cape
Town. During the visits and meetings
with the South African contractors, Mr
Felling “explained to them the conditions
of this country (Kenya Colony).” He
further encouraged them to “take interest
in the building programme” in the colony.
When the tenders for this project were
returned, the leading contractors in South
Africa did not participate. According to Mr
Felling, the idea of using South Africans
in Kenya would have created competition
THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
with the local contractors. In his view, he
felt that this would have led to a cut in
their rates and profits. The management
of the Kenya Uganda Railway failed to
have a successful discussion with the
lowest bidder and, in turn, they went to
the lowest bidder. The principals of this
contracting company cited “difficulties
with regard to Nairobi stone” and they
proposed different alternative methods of
construction.
Ultimately, Felling said, the
contracting company “were trying to avoid
signing the contract” due to the challenges
of shipping artisans from South Africa.
There were serious shortfall in the labour
required. The South Africans would also
have had challenges providing, among
other things, housing for their personnel.
The South Africans also would have had
to contend with the challenges posed by
the growing trade union movement in
Kenya that would have made it difficult
for them to carry out the construction.
This was one of the earliest instances
where the government of Kenya attempted
to attract foreign contractors and it failed
to take off
The writer is a Quantity Surveyor at Tandem &
Stark. While not working on QS matters, he blogs at
BuildingKE. Talk with him at barrack@building.
co.ke.
APR - JUN 2018 27
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CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA

CONTRACTORS’ AVERAGE ALL-IN RATES

AND COSTS PER SQUARE METRE
JUNE 2018
1. The prices hereinunder are the average prices in the cosmopolitan cities of Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu and should be adjusted
with reference to the specific site conditions.
2. Prices in remote areas of Kenya are generally higher.
3. The general prices are based on rates obtained from a survey carried out using tendered rates from select quantity surveying firms
and construction companies.
4. A developer should consult a Quantity Surveyor for applicable rates in estimating for a particular project due to various site
conditions that influence construction rates.
5. While reasonable care has been taken to ensure the information published in herein is accurate and current, the Institute of
Quantity Surveyors of Kenya, its Council and the Publisher accept no responsibility for the completeness, accuracy or reliability
of the data. The Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya, its Council and the Publisher also accept no responsibility for any loss,
damage, claim, expense, cost or liability whatsoever arising in respect of, or in connection with, using or reliance upon the data in
this journal.

DECEMBER 2017 (VAT INCLUSIVE)

DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN

AREA AREA AREA
Kshs. Kshs. Kshs.

EARTHWORKS
Excavations
Site clearance SM 75 75 60
Excavate over site (150 mm deep) SM 100 100 80
Bulk excavations (manual) CM 300 230 250
Fillings
50 mm sand filling (blinding) SM 115 120 130
50 mm quarry dust blinding to hardcore SM 100 120 150
Hardcore filling under floor slabs CM 1,700 1,400 1,400

CONCRETE (IN-SITU)
Mass concrete (Foundations & external works)
Concrete 1:4:8 (Class x ) CM 8,350 8,335 8,750
100mm thick surface bed ditto SM 1,043 1,050 1,050
Vibrated Reinforced concrete (Substructure & Superstructures)
Concrete 1:2:4 (class 20/20) CM 12,800 13,500 13,500
Concrete 1:1:2 (class 30/20) CM 16,250 18,000 18,000
HOLLOW POTS
Clay hollow pots in suspended slabs
300 x 250 x 125 mm thick clay blocks SM 3,325 3,300 3,300
200 mm Thick ditto SM 2,600 2,700 2,700
Concrete hollow pots in suspended slabs (Ribs 125 mm)
375 x 225 x 150 mm Thick concrete blocks SM 3,617 3,600 3,600
300 mm Thick ditto SM 3,550 3,800 3,800
EXPANSION JOINT
12 mm Flexcell expansion SM 640 500 500
25 x 25 mm sealer LM 300 300 300
Expansion strips 300 300
100 mm wide LM 300 200 200
50 mm wide LM 200

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CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA

DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN

AREA AREA AREA
Kshs. Kshs. Kshs.

FORMWORK
Sawn formwork to:-
Sides of foundations / Columns & beams SM 540 550 585
Sides of ditto curved on plan to various radii SM 550 590 600
Marine ply formwork to :-
Sides of foundations / Columns & beams SM 600 620 600
Sides of ditto curved on plan to various radii SM 800 800 800
Curved sides of columns and beams to various radii SM 800 820 800

REINFORCEMENT
Mild Steel reinforcement - square twisted high tensile bars
8 mm Diameter KG 153 155 165
10 mm Ditto KG 153 155 165
12 mm Ditto KG 155 148 158
Fabric mesh reinforcement type A to B.S.1483 (Roll sizes 48 x 2.4 M)
B.R.C mesh type A142 SM 385 320 360
Ditto A65 SM 360 300 350

WALLING
Natural quarry stone walling
Juja (“Ndarugu”) machine dressed stone walling
100 mm Thick SM 1,483 1,700 1,900
150 mm Ditto SM 1,583 1,800 2,000
Njiru or Nairobi Blue “special” stone walling
100 mm Thick SM 1,933 1,950 2,250
150 mm Ditto SM 2,083 2,050 2,550
E.O. 225 mm Natural Stone Walling for:
Raking Cutting LM 100 130 150
Fair Curved cutting LM 140 210 230
Concrete Blocks
Solid concrete block walling
100 mm Thick SM 1,525 1,800 1,850
150 mm Ditto SM 1,833 2,050 2,100
Hollow concrete block walling
100 mm Thick SM 1,530 1,700 1,700
150 mm Ditto SM 1,550 1,800 1,800
Brickwork
100 mm Bricks Partition(walling) SM 1,125 1,500 1,300
150 mm Ditto SM 1,300 1,600 1,500
200 mm Ditto SM 1,650 1,700 1,700
Partitions
50mm Stramit plain board SM 2,400 3,600 2,900
Ditto but covered with vinyl clothing SM 2,500 3,700 3,000

WATERPROOFING
3 ply Hessian based bituminous damp proof course :-
100 mm Felt DPC LM 95 160 150
150 mm Ditto LM 130 220 200

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CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA

DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN

AREA AREA AREA
Kshs. Kshs. Kshs.

Polythene sheet damp proofing

500 gauge white sheet SM 258 115 100
1000 gauge black sheet SM 430 130 110
Basement and flat roofs waterproofing
Basement waterproofing SM 2,000 2,300 2,200
20 mm Thick mastic asphalt tanking to walls SM 2,500 3,000 2,500
Concrete Protection and Waterproofing
Integral capillary system water proofing to concrete surfaces (1Kg per SM) SM 1,251 1,400 1,165
Ditto to masonry SM 1,251 1,400 1,165
Vandex Waterproofing
Vandex Basement Waterproofing SM 2,300 2,500 2,400
Admixtures
Mega Add WL3 capillary waterproofing admixture SM 2,300 - -
Penetron Admix SM 2,100 - -
Waterproofing to roofs
APP waterproofing SM 1,250 - -

ROOF COVERINGS
Concrete roofing tiles including timber battens
Double roman low pitch over 22.50 (red color) tiles SM 1,891 1,858 2,050
Ridge tile to match LM 417 434 450
Clay roofing tiles including timber battens
Ridge tile to match LM 488 467 510
Interlocking clay tiles size 400 x 250 x 50 mm at 3.1 Kg/Unit SM 1,827 1,827 1,827
Sheet roofing
Resincot, IT5 gauge 26 roofing tiles SM 2,265 2,327 2,540
Ditto gauge 24 SM 2,579 2,519 2,930
Standard ridge gauge 26 LM 645 632 600
Roof Insulation
2 mm double reflective foil roof insulation SM 409 414 450
5 mm double reflective foil roof insulation SM 494 494 550
Pre-painted G. I & Aluzinc Metal Roofing
N.C 11/3” Corrugated sheets and BP760 Boxed profiled sheets (Effective 762 mm wide
24 G SM 1,498 1,498 1,700
26 G SM 1,200 1,200 300
Versatile roof sheets, 1020mm overall; 925mm effective width
26 Gauge SM 2,471 2,496 2,150
28 Gauge SM 1,706 1,731 1,200
Plain sheets - 960mm wide
22 Gauge SM 1,374 1,374 1,700
24 Gauge SM 1,208 1,208 1,600
Mini-currugation - MC 699
30 Gauge SM 502 512 450
Unpaited GI sheet roofing
875mm x 11/3” Corrugation Sheets (Effective 762 mm wide)
24 G SM 1,679 1,679 1,750
26 G SM 1,311 1,321 1,400

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CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA

DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN

AREA AREA AREA
Kshs. Kshs. Kshs.

TIMBER DOORS
Flush timber doors
50 mm thick semi-solid cored flush door size 900 x 2000mm with lipping NO 5,010 5,400 5,600
Ditto mahogany veneered both sides NO 6,377 6,700 7,450
Panelled hardwood doors
50 mm thick mahogany door size 900 x 2000 mm NO 24,000 23,250 25,500
Ditto mvule door leaf NO 31,279 26,175 29,175
Ditto podo NO 19,500 20,000 22,000
50 mm thick Wrot cypress match boarded door size 900 x 2100 mm
25mm T & G facing, 50 x 100 mm framing (stiles & rails ) all round, 25 x 100 mm braces & middle rail NO 7,025 8,050 8,500
Framed, ledged and braced door size 900 x 2100 (cypress) NO 7,813 8,200 9,000
Door frames
Cypress door frames size 100 x 50 mm LM 700 648 800
Ditto 150 x 50 mm LM 852 703 760
Hardwood door frames size 100 x 50 mm LM 1,260 1,593 1,800

IRONMONGERY
Aluminium
100mm pressed steel butt hinges PR 505 505 561
3- Lever mortice lock NO 2,820 2,440 3,045
2- Lever mortice lock NO 1,972 2,244 2,246
Brassware
Window stay/fastener NO 420 420 475
Door level handle set NO 2,420 2,420 2,769
Tower bolt 100 mm long NO 441 441 492

CARPENTRY AND JOINERY

Sawn cypress
100 x 75 mm wall plate LM 705 - -
100 x 50 mm wall plate LM 460 - -
Hardwood door frames
100 x 50 mm rebated wrot mahogany door frame with rounded edges LM 785 - -
Ditto 150x50mm LM 1,165 - -

GLASS & GLAZING TO METAL WITH PUTTY

6 mm One way tinted & toughened glass SM 7,433 9,500 10,250
6 mm Thick perplex roofing glass SM 6,025 6,000 6,600
Scotch paper (tape)
Scotch-tinted sun control film SM 2,250 2,450 2,550
Clear sheet Glass
3 mm thick glass in panes 0.50 -1.00 M2 SM 785 850 925
4 mm thick ditto SM 1,083 1,100 1,183
Obscure sheet Glass
4 mm thick glazing to metal in panes 0.50 - 1.00 M2; Delta Clear SM 1,493 1,500 1,650
5 mm thick glazing to metal in panes 0.50 - 1.00 M2; Maya Clear SM 1,836 2,130 2,175
Mirrors
4 mm clear mirror SM 1,710 1,915 1,950
5 mm polished plate glass mirror SM 2,550 2,550 2,600

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CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA

DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN

AREA AREA AREA
Kshs. Kshs. Kshs.

METAL WORK
Galvanized steel casements
Windows
600 x 600 mm with one top hang light NO 2,270 2,160 2,340
600 x 900 mm with one top hang and one fixed light NO 3,355 3,240 3,510
Burglarproofing Grilles
600 x 600 mm, Y16 square bars NO 1,380 1,620 1,900
Aluminum windows and doors
Aluminum sliding windows glazed with 6mm clear glass (2200*210mm) SM 13,250 7,000 9,000
Fixed aluminum windows ditto SM 12,750 6,900 9,500
Aluminum doors glazed with 6mm clear glass (900*2500mm) SM 11,970 11,100 12,500
Heavy duty Bronze & Natural Anodized Aluminum windows frames (Glass & ironmongery M/S)
1500 X1200 mm window with 3 sliding panels NO 21,000 12,240 12,780
Ditto with two sliding panels NO 21,000 12,240 12,780
1500 x 600 mm window with two end top hang and one middle fixed panels NO 10,500 6,120 6,390
NB three options exist - Heavy: Medium: Light duty & cost ratio of 2.7:1.9: 1.0 respectively

STRUCTURAL STEEL WORKS

Cold rolled structural steel tubes
16 mm dia x 1.5 mm thick (0.54kg/m) LM 148 230 196
20 mm dia x 115 mm thick (0.75kg/m) LM 204 260 215
Zed purlins - sold in 6m lengths -
100 x 50 mm x 2 mm Thick (14 gauge) LM 848 1,180 900
112.5 x 50 x 2 mm Thick ditto LM 915 1,250 985
Mild steel T-sections
20 x 20 x 3 mm Thick KG 290 280 320
25 x 25 x 3 mm Thick KG 290 280 320
Mild steel plates (8’x 6’)
4.5 mm Thick SM 8,510 6,200 6,500
8 mm Thick SM 15,105 8,200 8,500

WALL, CEILING AND FLOOR FINISHES

Wall finishes
Plaster and render
12 mm cement and sand render SM 375 541 412
20 mm washed terrazzo to walls SM 2,600 2,700 2,675
Wall tiles
330 x 250 x 6 mm White glazed wall tiles SM 1,653 1,600 1,700
600 x 600 x 8 mm Thick colored granito wall tiles SM 3,524 4,646 4,250
Ceiling finishes
Plaster
15 mm thick two coat cement lime sand (1 :4) plaster SM 400 400 375
12 mm thick celotex soft board Imported soft board SM 1,217 1,200 900
Cornice
12 x 100 mm celotex cornice LM 250 100 300
25 mm thick T & G ceiling LM 1,050 300
25 mm Thick T & G ceiling
25 mm T & G cypress boarding prime grade SM 2,483 2,400 1,850

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CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA

DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN

AREA AREA AREA
Kshs. Kshs. Kshs.

Floor finishes
Concrete floor tiles
19 mm Precast concrete floor tiles (Plain) SM 1,500 1,500 1,600
300 x 600 x 10 mm Thick granite tiles - Traditional colors SM 20,000 20,000 21,000
Granolithic paving
38 mm thick (24mm C & S backing & 15rnm thick grano layer) SM 2,000 - -
20 x 100 mm Skirting LM 200 - -

PAINTING & DECORATION

First quality paint
3 Coats super gloss oil paint to walls SM 350 300 300
3 Coats polyurethane clear vanish to timber surfaces SM 375 400 400

KITCHEN & WARDROBE CABINETS

Kitchen Cabinet Carcass - produced from 16mm or 18mm white particleboard, 3mm white backer & standard furniture fittings (including
installation, excluding counter tops & appliances)
Wall unit dimensions = 720mm high x 300mm depth and varying lengths (LM)
Base units dimensions = 720mm high x 600mm depth and varying lengths (LM) / (excluding plinth)
Tall base unit dimensions = 2070mm high x 600mm depth and varying lengths (LM) / (excluding plinth)
Melamine faced particleboard door frontal with carcass:
Wall units LM 19,000 20,000 20,000
Base units LM 23,000 24,000 24,000
Tall units LM 44,000 46,000 46,000
Painted MDF door frontal with carcass:
Wall units LM 22,000 23,000 23,000
Base units LM 25,000 26,000 26,000
Tall units LM 47,000 49,000 49,000

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
Consumer Units
Havells consumer unit 4 way 100A isolator NO 2,810
Isolators for Consumer unit/Distribution board
Havells isolator Double Pole 100A NO 2,832
Distribution board
Havells distribution board TPN 125A 4 way NO 13,317
8 Way Ditto NO 15,550
Miniature circuit breakers- MCB’S
Single phase
Havells MCB SP 0.5A Breaking capacity 10KA NO 585
1-4A Ditto NO 535
Double phase
Havells MCB DP16,20,32,63A Breaking capacity 10KA NO 1,520
Three phase MCB’S
Havells MCB TP 6,1O,16,20,32A Breaking capacity 10KA NO 2,163
40 & 50A Ditto NO 2,847
MCCB’S
Havells MCCB 3P GN Frame 63 &100A Breaking capacity 16KA NO 12,900
125A Ditto NO 11,675

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CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA

DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN

AREA AREA AREA
Kshs. Kshs. Kshs.

Electric cables
P.V.C insulated 450/750 V - Single core 6491X
1.0 mm2 LM 25
1.5 mm2 LM 36
P.V.C insulated and sheathed 600/1000 V - Single core 6181Y
1.0 mm2 LM 28
1.5 mm2 LM 38
2.5 mm2 LM 69
Armoured Cables
Armored cables 600/1000 V - 2 Core 6942X
1.5 mm2 LM 158
2.5 mm2 LM 224
5AMP Lightning switch, Flush fixing white plastic excluding box
One gang, one way NO 187
Ditto two way NO 207
Low power Factor (L.P.F) BATTEN FLUORESCENT Fittings with tube
4 ft. Single x 36 watt NO 2,050
4 ft. Twin Ditto. NO 2,733
Energy saving lamps
Energy saving lamp B22 8,11,15,20 & 23 W Havells-Pin screw NO 283
Sockets
Satin chrome/Black Nickel 16 13A DP Flat switch socket NO 1,683

PLUMBING & DRAINAGE

UPVC Grey waste pipe fittings
Sweep Bend
32 mm diameter sweep bend NO 79

SANITARY FITTINGS
Glazed ceramic
W.C. suite complete NO 19,500 19,500 19,500
Wash hand basin complete NO 14,500 14,500 14,500
Bathroom accessories
Urinals
1150mm high stainless steel slab urinals complete with fittings
2FT NO 55,000 35,000

EXTERNAL WORKS (SITE WORKS)

Fencing
100 mm Precast Concrete fencing post LM 870
Extra over ditto for 100 x 100 mm precast concrete struts 2600 mm long NO 2,547
Barbed wire
12 1/2 Gauge x 6 strand galvanized barbed wired fencing with 2.4 M high 100 x 125 mm cranked precast LM 1,744
concrete posts at 3.0 M centers mortised in mass concrete surround
Razor wire
450 mm diameter LM 320 341 357
Manhole Covers
Pre-Cast R.C. Manhole Cover Slabs
685 mm diameter; 150 mm thick; NO 1,339
915 mm Dia. ditto NO 1,897

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CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA

DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN

AREA AREA AREA
Kshs. Kshs. Kshs.

Landscaping
Installation of ground covers
Excavate circular pits average 300mm diameter not exceeding 500mm depth SM 350 - -
Backfill excavated pits with approved soil average depth, 350mm CM 900 - -
Installation of trees/ large shrubs
Ordinary trees/ large shrubs (30 no.)
Bambusa speciosa ( DWARF BAMBOO) NO 800 - -
Bauhinia variegetum (CAMEL’S FOOT) NO 1,200 - -

FOR MORE CONSTRUCTION COSTS,

PLEASE PURCHASE A COPY OF THE IQSK
CONSTRUCTION COST HANDBOOK

AVAILABLE AT THE INSTITUTE OF QUANTITY

SURVEYORS OF KENYA AT KSHS. 1,800/-

COST: KSHS.1,800/=
AUGUST 2017 - JULY 2018

BUILDING 1

CONSTRUCTION
COSTS HANDBOOK

AUGUST 2017 - JULY 2018

AUGUST 2017 - JULY 2018

WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG
COSTS HANDBOOK APR - JUN 2018 35
 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS PER AREA IN KENYA

CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA

BUILDING COSTS PER SQUARE METRE - JUNE 2018
The rates shown below are general rates for building works excluding site works and care should be exercised in comparing costs
of various buildings without considering other factors like location; specification of building materials; wall to floor ratio, floor to
ceilling heights; site topography; type of joinery fitting and quality of Electrical and Mechanical installations.

The Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya, it’s Council and the publisher shall not be responsible for any errors in the rates
published herein or for any damage or loss whatsoever resulting therefrom or for any reliance thereon in the m2 rates.
ITEM BUILDING TYPE NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN
AREA AREA AREA

A Commercial
Low rise office blocks (four storey max.) 39,714 48,547 48,000
High rise office blocks (5+ storeys) 50,021 57,320 65,000
Offices - business parks 47,740 57,000 55,000
CBD offices - up to 20 floors medium (A-grade) 61,167 56,667 60,000
CBD offices - high-rise prestige 67,500 70,000 72,000
B Industrial Complex
Factories (Two storey) 35,708 35,960 35,000
Warehouses 35,719 29,580 44,000
Cold storage facilities 36,800 38,000
High-tech laboratories/factories 56,650 60,000 60,000
Steel frame, brickwork to ceiling height, corrugated steel cladding above and roof 25,000 22,000 24,000
sheeting
Administration offices 42,500 41,000 42,000
Ablution and change room block 40,000 48,000 52,000
Sheds and barns 7,500 16,250 18,000
Carport - single 4,600 4,800 5,000
Carport - double 7,500 7,800 8,000
C Retail Outlets
Small scale shopping centres 40,000 42,000 45,000
Shopping mall 48,375 55,000 55,000
Line shops 43,100 45,000 48,200
D Residential
High class Maisonettes 49,650 48,000 52,000
Luxury apartments 52,143 54,667 50,000
Middle Income apartments 43,343 43,333 47,000
Town houses - medium standard (Tiara) 43,886 35,000 38,000
Simple low rise apartment block 37,250 34,500 38,000
Duplex townhouse - economic 37,333 42,500 46,200
Prestige apartment block 38,200 42,500 45,200
Private dwelling houses: - standard 34,000 36,000 38,000
Private dwelling houses: - middle class 38,500 42,000 44,200

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CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS PER AREA IN KENYA

ITEM BUILDING TYPE NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN

AREA AREA AREA

Private dwelling houses: - luxury 45,600 52,000 54,100

Private dwelling houses: - exclusive 45,500 57,300 60,000
Outbuildings 30,000 6,960 34,200
E Educational Institutions
Classrooms 35,917 35,820 38,000
Libraries 37,500 36,820 37,000
Sanatorium 37,200 39,440 40,000
Dormitories 33,867 38,720 40,200
F Carparks
Multi-storey parking (above ground) 35,000 36,200 38,000
Ground level parking (pre-cast concete finish) 5,194 5,800 6,100
Parking on grade with integral landscaping and ground preparation 4,250 4,500 4,800
G Social Centres
Social clubs 31,000 33,000 32,000
Conference centres 42,000 41,000 41,000
Churches (Double Volume Height) 37,500 41,000 40,000
H Hotels
2 star Hotel 69,950 70,000 71,200
3 Star Hotel 80,000 84,200 85,000
5 Star Hotel 86,000 86,200 87,000
Resort style accommodations 85,000 86,600 88,200
I Health facilities
Simple clinics (day care) 24,000 34,000 30,000
Urban areas clinics 32,000 42,000 37,000
Large referral hospitals 60,500 65,500 64,500
Dispensaries 22,000 26,000 25,000
J Sports Facilities
Stadiums 42,000 48,000 47,000
Theatres (Double volume height) 47,000 54,000 53,000
Health clubs 51,000 59,000 57,000
Playing fields (murram finish) 12,000 18,000 14,000
Playing fields (grass finish) 13,000 18,000 14,000
Simple arena 34,000 39,000 38,000
Swimming Pools 32,600 34,200 36,000
K Airports
Hangars 143,000 152,000 160,000

WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 37

 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

MEMBERS IN GOOD STANDING

PAID-UP MEMBERS AS AT 23RD MARCH 2018

DEAR MEMBERS,
Kindly note that from January 2018, IQSK shall not ACCEPT ANY CASH PAYMENT.

You can use any of the Payment options below:

• Cheque payable to the Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya / IQSK
• Paybill No. 933450.
• Bank deposits should be made to the Barclays Bank Account below:
Bank and branch: Barclays Bank, Westlands
Account Name: Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya
Account Number: 073-1265887
CLASS OF MEMBERSHIP NO. Qs. Anna Muthoni Muchungu 58 Qs. Bashir H. Hajee 186
FELLOW MEMBERS Qs. Benson Kagwa 60 Qs. Julius M. Wanyagi 187
Qs. John Gatimu Njagi 2 Qs. Newton Dishon Maungu 65 Qs. Micheal Mwinzi Mwendwa 192
Prof. Qs. Sylvester M. Masu 3 Qs. Robert K. C. Bunei 66 Qs. Aaron Murithi Gitonga 193
Qs. Onesimus M. Gichuiri 5 Qs. Pauline Wanja Munene 67 Qs. Francis Gatonga Kairu 194
Qs. Kimani Mathu 6 Qs. Kibasui Ndonga 70 Qs. James Ouma Okaka 196
Qs. Geoffrey Kahuria Koigi 9 Qs. James Munene Gitonga 72 Qs. James Maina Kamau 197
Qs. Moses A. Nyakiongora 12 Qs. Mutegi John Mburire 74 Qs. Samuel Reuben Mainya 199
Hon. Qs. Yusuf Kifuma Chanzu 13 Qs. Rebman Ambalo Malala 77 Qs. Peter Kariuki Kanyi 202
Qs. Leah Wangari Thumbi 16 Qs. Nicholas Ng’ang’a Gitau 78 Qs. Dr. Jane Wanjugu Gichuiri 204
Qs. Joseph Omariba Otuke 26 Qs. Moses Daniel Kamau 80 Qs. Nicholas M. Mutua 206
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Qs. Kishore Nayar 35 Qs. Charles Maina Mwangi 94 Qs. Francis Mururi Munyua 211
Qs. Jacktone V. Hongo 41 Qs. Adeline Mercy Dindi 95 Qs. Francis O. Ombura 212
Qs. Japheth N. Rasugu 44 Qs. Mutinda Josphat Mutuku 97 Qs. Wilson G. Mwangi 213
Qs. David Mungai Njuguna 53 Qs. Andrew N. Mandere 99 Qs. Isaac M. Gitura 214
Hon. Qs. Simon Nyaundi Ogari 61 Qs. Andrew Kituo Mbuku 100 Qs. Bernard M. Mandere 220
Dr. Qs. Njeri Wachira - Towey 68 Qs. Karimi Stephen Muriithi 101 Qs. James N. Nyambane 221
Qs. Festus Mukunda Litiku 83 Qs. John Kamau Kihara 103 Qs. Ali M. Adam 222
Qs. Thomas Kimangu Murai 91 Qs. Philip Amwata Osoro 109 Qs. Denis K. Kirui 225
Qs. David Mwangi Gaitho 133 Qs. Tom Kipngetich Chirchir 110 Qs. Moses K. Kimani 227
Qs. Samson Getui Obae 141 Qs. Juma Paul Ambatsa 112 Qs. Philip Muchungu 228
Prof. Qs. Hezekiah Gichunge 176 Qs. Patrick Tana Mutisya 125 Qs. Francis M. King’ori 229
Qs. Silvester M. Mutharia 182 Qs. Paul Muthoka Munene 126 Qs. Pauline Jemutai Olbara 235
Dr. Qs. Stanley K. Murage 185 Qs. Allan Agesa Abwunza 129 Qs. Gregory Murunga Chekata 241
Qs. Tom Oketch 205 Qs. Michael Kimanzi Nduli 130 Qs. Samson Kirioba Maisiba 242
Qs. Ali Alamin Mandhry 491 Qs. Steve Rukwaro Muthui 132 Qs. Paul Kamatu Ngugi 245
Qs. Daniel Nyabuti Kimoro 251 Qs. Julius Kiogora Ringera 135 Qs. Charles Muita Kairu 247
Qs. Adam Syngidura Marjan 252 Qs. Elizabeth W. Njoroge 138 Qs. Robert Kanake Munya 249
Qs. Nyagah Boore Kithinji 139 Qs. John O. Okerosi 253
CORPORATE MEMBERS Qs. Victor B. O. Odongo 142 Qs. Peter S. Kariuki 255
Qs. Hazron Maira 4 Qs. George Charles Omondi 143 Qs. Duncan W. Owuor 257
Qs. Charles J. Mwaura 7 Qs. William Kungu Kinyanjui 145 Qs. Simon Wanjusi Wabwile 259
Qs. Wilfred Gitau Ngaruiya 8 Qs. Hosea K. Ngari 147 Qs. Oliver Zablon Munala 260
Qs. George Migwi Maina 15 Qs. Omullo Pius Ouma 148 Qs. Joel Gichimu Thaibiri 263
Qs. Gladys Wangui Wahome 20 Qs. Karita George Ngugi 150 Qs. Raphael G. Ndoka 265
Qs. Lilian Wanjiku Kithinji 22 Qs. Lukas Mugo Ndung’u 154 Qs. Julius K. Matu 268
Qs. Francis Chege Mwangi 25 Qs. Alexander K. Mutai 155 Qs. Shadrack M. Mutumah 270
Qs. Simon Ndirangu Waburi 30 Qs. Hannah Wambui Waithera 157 Qs. Micheal G. M. Ngina 274
Qs. Lawrence Gatitu Mbugua 31 Qs. Julius Meshack Oluoch 163 Qs. Richard M. Ngari 280
Qs. Peter Njuguna Mugaki 36 Qs. Emmanuel M. Wamalwa 165 Qs. Jordan R. Opiyo 283
Qs. John Mwai Mathenge 37 Qs. Neelesh Harji Hirani 166 Qs. Donald O. C. Akoko 284
Qs. Mwaragania Wambugu 43 Qs. Charles Kinyanjui Maingi 173 Qs. Philip M. Kande 286
Qs. Alfred Ingida Aluvaala 48 Qs. Michael Mbugua 177 Qs. Bernard M. Muhia 287
Qs. W. J. Macharia Kamau 49 Qs. Innocent I. O. Momanyi 179 Qs. Alfred O. Gayo 288
Qs. Susan Ruto 181 Qs. Eddieson O. Otieno 289

38 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG

 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

MEMBERS IN GOOD STANDING

Qs. Ambrose K. Mwangi 296 Qs. Alex M. Makori Magembe 471 Qs. Eric Onyango Tinda 848
Qs. Peter K. Miriti 300 Qs. Joseph Ojwang Onyango 472 Qs. Eric Guantai Munene 909
Qs. Nicholas K. Mutuma 307 Qs. Samuel Ngigi Waiganjo 475 Qs. Joseph Ngare Okinyi 913
Qs. Fervent Kimani Thumbi 308 Qs. Sylvester Onyango Oluoch 483 Qs. Kevin Muriithi Mugo 918
Qs. Beatrice N Wanjau 310 Qs. Francis Kariuki Kiiru 488 Qs. Christopher Kiprotich Chelulei 948
Qs. Philip Oduor Omondi 315 Qs. Lamon O. B. Ogweno 493 Qs. Erastus Kiragu Kamau 968
Qs. Olivia Sally Otieno 320 Qs. David Maina Nguyo 499 Qs. Daniel Kidasi Mwanyalo 1008
Qs. Jeniffer Nduku Musyimi 321 Qs. Alphonce Nyagilo Okweto 501 Qs. Jackson Macharia Kibuchi 1017
Qs. Martha Merikol Kitutu 322 Qs. Peter Okinyi 503 Qs. David Muchiri Mathenge 1024
Qs. Wallace Gachogo Muira 325 Qs. Michael K. Muiruri 504 Qs. Moses Matheka Kiio 1035
Qs. George Kamau Ngure 326 Qs. Robinson Mwangi Kariguh 505 Qs. Samuel Kioge Mwangi 1191
Qs. Jedida Waguthii Muchoki 328 Qs. Joseph Njau Kihiu 507 Qs. Daimon Kevan Keith 1200
Qs. Antony Wambua 335 Qs. Martin Mahira Muiruri 508
Qs. Mary Wachuka Gichuki 336 Qs. Japheth Kosgei Kibet 521 LICENTIATE MEMBERS
Qs. Faith Njeri Kimani 338 Qs. Brian Simiyu Barasa 523 Pius M. Muoka 278
Qs. Thomas Koigi Kahuria 349 Qs. Justus Njuguna Mwangi 526 Nancy Njeri Thuku 342
Qs. Beatrice Wangui Chege 350 Qs. Patrick Nyolei Tonui 528 James Akumu Kanalo 482
Hon.Qs. Mohamed Mohamud Ali 352 Qs. Judy Wanjiku Njuguna 531 John Karanja Mutwa 510
Qs. Collins Otieno Aluga 355 Qs. Annrita Wanja Mukindia 532 Michael Njoroge Keiru 910
Qs. Solomon D. Kabui Mokiri 358 Qs. Rose Nyambura Mwangi 538
Qs. Paul Ogweno Omondi 360 Qs. Jasan Wanyoike Njoroge 542 GRADUATE MEMBERS
Qs. Gabriel Pius K. Mwangi 361 Qs. Rudolf Mwangi 544 Delores Wekoye Mbati 231
Qs. Joseph Kahiga 363 Qs. Kibet Kirui Komingoi 550 George Mugo Njiiru 233
Qs. Mary Wachuka Gichuki 336 Qs. Esther Muthoni Githinji 554 Alex Nyamweya Motanya 341
Qs. Mwangi Kimani 372 Qs. Charles Mbugua Kamau 555 Benedict Mutemi Kyangavo 414
Qs. Simon Njoroge Ndung’u 374 Qs. Brian Kipkorir Toroitich 560 Bernard Gitau Ngigi 430
Qs. Johana Maina Thumbi 378 Qs. Kenneth Mungai Ng’ang’a 561 Simon Awiti 476
Qs. Paul Omolo Sagi 379 Qs. Humphrey Khwatenge Silungi 565 Zacharia Muia Maithya 543
Qs. Philip Angatia Mukusa 380 Qs. Peter Kamau Gathuru 566 Albashir Ibrahim Ahmed 553
Qs. Simon Ndung’u Ndumia 390 Qs. Vincent Wafula Kuucha 569 David Wafula Wechuli 558
Qs. Francis Mindo Gitaka 392 Qs. Zacharia Wahome Ngacha 573 Stephen Kahuria Koigi 575
Qs. Daniel Gatenjwa Ng’ang’a 394 Qs. Elias Kirimi Mwiti 579 Reuben Nyakundi Bikeri 578
Qs. Peter Muchiri Ndung’u 395 Qs. Celestine Akoth Ouma 584 Stephen Kamau Njihia 598
Qs. Kennedy M. P. Mutwii 403 Qs. Salesius Kiruja Ignatius 585 Julius Kilonzo 625
Qs. Rodgers Magori Nyabuto 405 Qs. Hussein Were Hussein 597 Gerald Okoth 651
Qs. M. Michubu Kobia 406 Qs. Vincent Anjeche Bulimo 604 Eric Kirimi Cecilia 654
Qs. Patriciah Nthambi Josiah 408 Qs. Peter Waithaka Irungu 610 Mark Muthama Voni 658
Qs. David Gidudi Choka 409 Qs. Jason Nthamburi Muraa 612 Boytone Onyango Awidhi 659
Qs. Lawrence Omonyo 410 Qs. John Michael Onginjo Mdhune 617 Sebastian Wambua Nzioka 660
Qs. Desmond L. M. Mucheni 413 Qs. Isaac Kiage Makone 627 Bob Joseph Wanjara 661
Qs. Paul Kariuki Karanja 415 Qs. Kairu Bachia 634 George Gatamu Githaiga 662
Qs. Antony Githiri Kimani 418 Qs. Eli Kasera Asura 635 Terry Njeri Ngugi 676
Qs. Gladys Nduta Maina 424 Qs. Leah Wambui Karanja 649 Ibrahim G. Adannuh 667
Qs. David Karu Kang’ara 431 Qs. Martin Munyua Njenga 650 David Kariuki Mwangi 686
Qs. Gabriel Muchoki 432 Qs. Cassius Murumba Kusienya 663 Claire Wangari Githiri 688
Qs. Rose Jematya Kotut 434 Qs. Julius Mutemi Mwangangi 666 Anthony Gakuru Muchiri 695
Qs. Rewel Kariuki Maigua 435 Qs. Paul Habwe Ebole 670 Vincent Gachara Ndichu 696
Qs. Mbinda Kativini 445 Qs. David Jonathan Grantham 677 Mercyline Aseti 699
Qs. David Mathu Njuguna 446 Qs. Robert Ndegwa Mathenge 682 Edwin Gitonga Munyua 702
Qs. Titus Mwangi Macharia 448 Qs. Moses Njenga Ng’ang’a 683 Joy Brenda Mbinya 705
Qs. Maureen Njeri Kinyanjui 450 Qs. Rachel Patience Mulondo 689 Bonface Kitoto Abaja 709
Qs. Stephen Gitau Waweru 451 Qs. Vincent Koome Bururia 800 Dennis Chege Mwaura 710
Qs. Wilson Calistus Simiyu 452 Qs. Susan Wambui Kinyati 818 Derrick Karoki Karuoya 711
Qs. David Waiganjo Kiraki 455 Qs. Paul Kimani Mwathi 819 Sharon Wairimu Njiraine 719
Qs. Peter Mwangi Munderu 456 Qs. Portia Afwandi Ajayo 825 Cancius Babu Ouma 720
Qs. Sekou Dore 458 Qs. Allan Opondo Otieno Oduol 827 Caroline Wanjiru Njeru 721
Qs. Robert Mwanga Ambuku 466 Qs. James Kioko Ndoo 829 Hope Mkamburi Mwakughu 723
Qs. Bertrand Lubanga Ngaywa 469 Qs. Godrick Ekisa Oduu 842 David Gituthu Maina 734

WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 39

 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

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Laban Kamau Mwangi 760 Stephen Kiptoo Ngetich 1373 Clare Nangila Juma 1154
HabibMsellem Said 785 Amos Munene Kimathi 1379 George Eric Omondi 1158
Macdonald Wekesa Wafubwa 786 Nicholas Njenga Muhu 1380 Onyango Jeremiah Oyuma 1160
Paul Kimani Mwathi 819 Aliow Duba Gole 1381 Ochieng Simon Opiyo 1163
Victor Omondi Ongaro 838 Winjoy Karendi Marangu 1168
Brian Sammy Odhiambo 839 TECHNICIAN MEMBERS Waburi Ann Wanjiru 1171
Erick Ondiek Ogola 840 Michael Amena Jahonga 339 Nabil Mohsen Al-beiti 1173
Naomi Wanjiru Njoroge 849 David K. Maiyo 425 Jackline Nasieku Konchellah 1177
Rose Kavinya Musyimi 850 Gladys K. Madete 496 Eunice Bella Akini 1183
Justus Mosiria Obare 878 Samuel M. Nyaga 535 Cindy Namatsi Omondi 1217
John Mualuko Munyao 879 Sebastian Peter Kamairoh 618 Martin Mwangi Njoroge 1218
Cosmas Onyango Odhiambo 901 Dominic Kimonyi Nguku 638 Linnette Muthoni Mathenge 1222
Brian Sagero Makario 907 Resi Khasai Inyangala 642 Linda Kavaya Odari 1223
Paul Kangogo Cheruiyot 917 Margaret M. V. Abukutsa 656 Lewis Mbatia Nderitu 1225
Harrison Katana Menza 952 Salome Wangui Nyathira 740 Rose Wairimu Kimondo 1237
Dennis Kiprotich Biwott 953 Bernard Kibet Massam 804 Miriam Osebe Omagwa 1239
Moses Muchai Kiarie 960 Robinson Otieno Ope 806 Poulet Waruguru Maina 1252
Jane Wangari Mukundi 961 Alexander Muthigani Miano 822 Nyakundi Ernest Onyancha 1299
Daves Kibet 1002 Reuben Akoko Nyangano 833 Peter Karanja Irungu 1314
Maurice Macharia Wambui 1016 Richard Mburu Mwaura 884 Margaret Nyokabi Maingi 1317
Vishal Avinash Chotai 1019 Joram Wambugu Wambugu 939 Esther Muthoni Muiruri 1319
Michael Chege Njoroge 1026 Robert Ouko Sigu 955 Caroline Mumbi Munene 1320
Alex Muchiri Mukere 1029 Ismael Omondi Ogira 973 Stephen Kabari Githinji 1323
Winfred Mukami Muia 1053 Bernard Kipngeno Mutai 984 Julius Muchiri Maina 1324
Isaboke Diana Gesare 1075 Boaz Kibichii Kipsongol 999 Boaz Chepsergon Komen 1326
Lilian Kavenge Mwau 1285 Edward Gikonyo Gitonga 1014 Boniface Mwirigi Mugambi 1338
Immaculate Nyambura Kaibere 1102 Joseph Nginyo Wanjema 1065 Dennis Karaba Ndirangu 1342
Patrick Nganga Karanja 1116 Savia Mwale Mjomba 1086 Augustine Njau Njoroge 1343
Enock Nyanumba Ayuka 1122 Mutchere Nerous Omulokoli 1202 Grace Wanja Kimani 1345
Grace Musyawa Muendo 1124 George Mogendi Okeri 1258 Allan Kipkorir 1346
Wesley Mutai 1133 James Mwati Maina 1262 Sharon Mukiri 1347
Barrack Omondi Ongondo 1137 John Kinyua Mberi 1273 Brian Omondi Ajwang 1348
Alnoor Adan Issack 1138 Evans Miano Nyambura 1274 Quinter Wangui Mworia 1349
John Gichaga Mwangi 1141 Christopher Waithaka Nyaguthii 1280 Sylvia Chelimo Kongoley 1350
Bernard Kagume Wamugunda 1143 Patrick Muema Kanini 1281 Ted Nyaga Masigi 1351
Ayub Alexander Mureithi Kibugu 1187 Maureen Senna Oluk 1284 Ronah Nyatich Ontenga 1352
Erastus Gitari Njeru 1227 Robinson Macharia Muthii 1327 Alexander Opiyo Abuodha 1353
Stephen Njoroge Ng’ang’a 1240 Wycylife Ogoti Ogoro 1336 Mirriam Mwongeli Mueni 1354
Derrick Kithinji Mwirigi 1251 Vincent Omondi Onyango 1369 Albin Kimutai Siele 1355
Victor Chege Maina 1263 Leisanka Gilbert Sitei 1372 Ian Nzamba Mutemi 1356
Mutugi Adson Meme 1276 Kennedy Maanta Moisari 1382 Emmanuel Kiprop Kibet 1357
Tingisha Saitoti 1282 Peter Nelson Alande Odak 875 Esther Nyaguthii Nderitu 1358
Cynthia Moira Mulaku 1310 Abdirazack Abdirahman Abass 892 Mary Syombua Musyoka 1359
David Derrick Otieno 1312 Irene Wahu Njoroge 904 Grace Ekirapa Magdalene 1360
Serah Wanjeri Kung’u 1325 Edwin Gathata Mwaragania 915 Rosemary Mukami Macharia 1361
Andrew Maina Kahonge 1328 Marvin Ndiritu Wahome 916 Benson Kibe Kioria 1362
John Thuita Muthoni 1329 Lucy Nzilani Nzioki 932 Ruth Nyambura Warui 1363
Eleanor Atieno Oloo 1330 Mercy Chebet Chirchir 982 Samuel Wambugu Gichanja 1364
Alex Masaku Muema 1331 Charity Wangari Mwangi 1037 James Owilly Osindi 1365
Javan Mtoto Mzugha 1332 Ashley Nyakara Nyabuto 1042 Derek Prince Omiah 1366
Lawrence Koskey Kipkoech 1333 Lucy Muthoni Njuguna 1060 Valentine Nyanchama Mong’are 1367
Stephen Mwangi Nduiga 1334 Abigael Nyakara Mogusu 1070 Purity Wairimu Njagi 1368
Benson Musa Mbogo 1335 Albert Anyona 1082 Yasmin Ismail Adan 1370
Francis Mburu Mbugua 1337 James Muimi Nzangi 1088 Vivianne Jeptoo Lamaon 1374
Mark Muriithi Muthumbi 1339 Leonard Kituku Ndolo 1112 Brenda Jepkoech Chepkonga 1375
Fred Allan Kichari 1340 Benard Kipkemoi Lang’at 1127 Macellar Apiyo Ogunyo 1376
Wilson Mwikamba 1341 Erick Wahome Njeri 1150 Caren Jerop 1377
David Wachira Ndoka 1371 Edwin Kiplagat Bunyoli 1153 Irene Jebichii Konga 1378

40 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG


DIRECTORY OF CONSULTING QUANTITY SURVEYING FIRMS
AEGIS DEVELOPMENT SOLUTIONS LTD
Blue Violets Plaza, 6th Floor, Suite 603
Kindaruma Road/Kamburu Drive Junction
Off Ngong Road
P. O. Box 2861- 00100, Nairobi.
Tel: 0722349922/0733633004
Email: aegis@aegisdevelopment.co.ke
AMAZON CONSULTANTS LTD
Green House, 3rd Floor Suite 18
Adams Arcade, off Ngong Road
P.O. Box 1756 – 00100, Nairobi.
Tel: +254 20 3860839/40/2453081
Mobile:+254 733-71403/0722-398215
Email: info@amazon.co.ke
ARCHBILL CONSULTANTS LTD
Blue Violets Plaza, Suite no. 305
Kamburu Drive, off Ngong Rd
P.O. Box 15703 - 00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 3875670 / 020 2323944
0734-569997/0712-250547
Email: info@archbillconsultants.com
ARMSTRONG & DUNCAN
Adak House, Milimani Rd
P.O. Box 40426 – 00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 2722766/2163/4901/8328
Fax: +254 20 2726366
Email: info@adak.co.ke
ANKA CONSULTANTS
TRV PLAZA, Muthithi Road
P.O. Box 1834 – 00621, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 2115559
Email: info@ankaconsults.co.ke
BARKER & BARTON (KENYA)
Triad House, Muthaiga Rd
P.O. Box 41643 - 00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 8076217/2655395
Fax: +254 20 3740753
E-mail: info@bbk.co.ke
BILLS PARTNERSHIP LTD
Norfolk Tower, 2nd Floor, Block G, Kijabe Srt
P.O. Box 27090 – 00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 3572724/5/6/7
Email: info@billspartnership.com
BUNEI, MAUNGU AND ASSOCIATES
NHC Lang’ata Court, Block B1
P.O. Box 58978-00200, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 2010797/2329465/2114034
Mobile:+254 722-613796/0722-216829
Email: buneimaungu@yahoo.com
BUILDNETT CONSULTANT LTD
Utumishi Co-operative House, 6th Floor,
Mamlaka Road
P. O. Box 51305 – 00200, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 20231965, 0724 848182,
0722 818212
Email: buildnett@uk2.net
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG
DIRECTORY OF CONSULTING QUANTITY SURVEYING FIRMS
CIDIEF QUANTITY SURVEYORS
1st Floor, Mung’atia Building
Tom Mboya Street
P. O. Box 1639 – 00200, Meru
Tel: + 254 64 66508/ 0722 313978
Email: cidiefqs@yahoo.com
CONSTRUCTION COST CONSULTANCY
The MMID Studio Offices, Second Floor (2nd),
Off Westlands Road
P.O. Box 76532 – 00508, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 3742738/254 722 203 883
Email: ccc@tpo.co.ke
COSTEK ALMA
Top Plaza, Kindaruma Road, Off Ngong Road
5th floor, Office 5-03
P.O Box 20852 -00202, KNH, Nairobi
Tel: +254/20-2012843/2717571/2725732
Cell: 0725-931514
Email: info@costekalma.co.ke;
costekalma@yahoo.com
COSTWISE ASSOCIATES
Golf Course, next to Madina Mosque Centre
P.O. Box 1992 – 00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 2711340/0716-430969
Email: costwise@costwise.co.ke
COSTPLAN QUANTITY SURVEYORS LTD
Part of the ATVANTAGE GROUP
Ndama Place, Along Kabarnet Rd, Off Ngong Rd
P.O. Box 102238 – 00101, Nairobi
Tel: +254 (0) 20 246 5648 | Cell: +254 (0) 722
214 308 / +254 (0) 736 214 308
Email: info@costplan.co.ke
COSTING MASTERS AND ASSOCIATES
Golf Course Commercial Center, 3rd Floor
P.O. Box 6825-00200, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 2715874, Fax: +254 20 2721182
Email:costingmasters@yahoo.com /
costingmasters@gmail.com.
COST & VALUE MANAGEMENT
CONSULTANTS LTD
P.O. Box 555-00242, Kitengela
Tel: +254 734 600 483/ 0721 138569
Email: costnvaluemgt@gmail.com
Website: www.costandvaluemgt.co.ke
DAVSON & WARD
Davard House, 5 Cedar Road, Westlands
P. O. BOX 46611-00100 GPO, Nairobi
Tel: + 254 20 4440318/9/20/4448695
Email: davard@africaonline.co.ke
Website: www.davsonward.co.ke
ECOSPACE CONSULTANTS
KCB Enterprise Building
Enterprise Rd, Industrial Area
P.O. Box 74885 – 00200, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 555226/535751
Email: ecospace@kenyaweb.com
THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
ECOST DEVELOPMENT AFRICA
Ole Odume Rd, Monomotapa Court, Hse No. 5
P. O. Box 2146 – 00202, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 3877757/2306665/0722 764462
Email: hngari@ecostafrica.com
E-SCAN PROJECTS LIMITED
Muthaiga Suites, Suite No. 5
P.O. Box 33607 – 00600, Nairobi
Mobile no. 0723-022702/0727-828260
Email: info@escanprojects.co.ke
GAIKONSULT
Bekim House, Westlands
P.O. Box 26365, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 3747002, Fax: +254 20 3749725
Email: gaikonsult@gaikonsult.com
GETSO CONSULTANTS LTD
Muiri Lane, Opposite Galleria Mall, Karen.
P.O. Box 52979 – 00200, Nairobi
Tel: 020 2696500/020 2316997/0720 696500/
0786 696501/0726491770
Email: info@getso.co.ke • www.getso.co.ke
HAROLD R. FENWICK & ASSOCIATES
Sri Sathya Sai Centre, Waiyaki Way
P.O. Box 14994 – 00800, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 4443131/2, Fax: +254 20 4443307
Email: fenwick@fenwick.co.ke
INTERGRATED YMR PARTNERSHIP
Lion Place, 4th Flr, Waiyaki Way
P.O. Box 69641 - 00400, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 4445380/1, 0707 963094/
0786 425729
Email: nairobi@ymr.co.ke
INTEGRA CONSULTING QUANTITY SURVEYORS
Elysee Plaza, Kilimani Road,
Off Elgeyo Marakwet Road
P.O. Box 27974 – 00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 2713061/ 0721-952364
Email: integra.consultingqs@gmail.com
INTERBILL CONSULTANTS
Embassy House, 2nd Flr, Harambee Ave
P.O. Box 17054 – 00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 2252203/ 223889
Fax: +254 20 2342325
Email: info@interbillkenya.com
KANJUMBA CONSULTANTS
Westlands Arcade Bldg, 2nd Flr
P.O. Box 14781 – 00800, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 4443591/ 2021302, 0733755747
Fax: +254 20 4441693
Email: info@kanjumba.com
KOMOS ASSOCIATES LTD
The Westery, 2nd floor Suite 2F.
Mpesi Lane, Muthithi road, Westlands,
P.O. Box 69721 – 00400, Nairobi
Tel +254 20 3747152/0722-743815
Email: info@komos.co.ke
APR - JUN 2018 41
 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
DIRECTORY OF CONSULTING QUANTITY SURVEYING FIRMS
LAUREZ & ASSOCIATES
Venice Court, Block B, No. 2, Off Menelik Road
P.O. Box 2439 - 00200, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 3860754, Fax: +254 20 3860753
Email: info@laurezassociates.com
MAK CONSULTANTS
Maendeleo Hse, 3rd Flr
P.O. Box 41355 – 00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20-2229529/020-3597400
Email: info@makconsultants.co.ke
MATHU & GICHUIRI ASSOCIATES
MGA Hse, Westlands
P.O. Box 14372 - 00800, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 3748934/6/8/41
Fax: +254 20 3743408
Email: info@mathuandgichuiri.com
MASTER-COST (K)
1st Floor, New Waumini House, Westlands
P. O. Box 13793 – 00800, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 4447455/0736-866571
Fax: +254 20 4447198
Email: info@master-cost.co.ke
Website: www.master-cost.co.ke
MASTERBILL INTEGRATED PROJECTS
TRV Office Plaza, 7th Floor, Suite 7B
58 Muthithi Road, Westlands
P.O. Box 22905 – 00400, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 3743346/3749409/3744719
Mobile: +254 721-671395
Email: info@miprojects.co.ke
Website: www.miprojects.co.ke
MWASHINGA & ASSOCIATES
Moushmi Complex,Nyoka Rd. Nyali.
P.O.Box 34099 - 80118, Nyali-Mombasa
Tel: +254 41 470740/2615742/0722 673201
Email: info@mwashinga-associates.com
MML TURNER & TOWNSEND
2nd Floor, The Courtyard, General Mathenge
Drive, Westlands
P.O. Box 62899-00200, Nairobi
Tel : +254 20 374490314
Website: www.mmltt.com
M & M CONSTRUCTION CONSULTANTS
Golf View, Wambui Rd, Off Kiambu Road,
Muthaiga, 7th Floor, suiteB7,
P. O. Box 4677 - 00506, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 6550188/208
Mobile: +254 722 758 000/720 633402/
734 288070
Email: info@m-mconsulants.com
OBRA INTERNATIONAL
Jameson Court, Block B Suite 6
P. O. Box 3494 - 00200, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 2635947
Mobile: +254 721-986 325/720-863098
Email: info@obraint.co.ke
Website: www.obraint.co.ke
To get your consulting firm listed in the QS Journal, kindly contact the IQSK secretariat on:
Tel: 0721 676 823/0786 676 824 • Email: info@iqskenya.org/iqsknrb@gmail.com
42 APR - JUN 2018
OORO & SANYA ASSOCIATES LTD
Marcus Garvey Rd, off Argwings Kodhek Rd
P.O. Box 55123 - 00200, Nairobi
Tel: + 254 0710-207064/020 3861205/6/3865222
Fax: +254 20 3868448
Email: oorosanya@wananchi.com
PRIMEBILL CONTRUCTION ADVISORS
Utumishi Co-op House, 6th Floor,
Mamlaka Rd, Off Nyerere Rd
P.O. Box 23595-00100, Nairobi
Tel: 020 350 3075, 0722 990286
Email: info@primebill.net,
primebill@gmail.com
PREMIER CONSULTANTS
KMA Centre, 1st Floor Western Wing,
Junction off Mara, Chyulu Road, Upperhill
P. O. Box 8980 – 00300, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 2504522/733 735 875
Email: munenepaul@yahoo.com
PROCOSTS LTD
Garden Estate Stream Drive, House No. SD 98,
Off Thika Highway/past Mountain Mall, Naivas
P. O. Box 12024-00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 2324208/0771 005124
Email: info@pcckenya.com
Website: www.pcckenya.com
QUANTECH CONSULTANCY
MMID Studio 1st Floor No. 1 D
Westlands Road, Westlands
P.O. Box 44660 – 00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 3746947/0721 526931
Fax: +254 20 3746948
Email: info@quantech.co.ke
Website: www.quantech.co.ke
QUANTSCONSULT
Morningside Office Park, Ngong Rd
P. O. Box 31728 – 00600, Nairobi
Tel/Fax: +254 020 2081239
Email: info@quantsconsult.co.ke
QUANTI-BILL CONSULT TOM O. OKETCH & ASSOCIATES
K. P. Flats, Suite No. 9, Milimani Rd
P.O. Box 34360 – 00100, Nairobi
Tel/Fax: +254 20 2726971/0734-677951
Email: quantibillconsult@gmail.com
QUEST CONSULTANTS LTD
Mwanzo Hse, 3rd Floor
Dunga Close Off, Dunga Rd, Industiral Area
P.O. Box 64283 – 00620,
Tel: 020-557958/0722-317826
Email: questconsultants2003@yahoo.com
SAGE PROJECTS
Kipriko Court off Ngong Rd, Kabaranet Rd
P.O. Box 51654-00100, Nairobi
Tel: 0722-952002, 0733-952002, 0723-825020
Email: info@sageprojects.co.ke
SHAQUE ASSOCIATES
5th Floor, Office No. 2. Western Heights
Karuna Road, Westlands
P.O.Box 14856 – 00800, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 4444 026
Fax: +254 20 4444 097
E-mail: info@shaqueassociates.com
Website: www.shaqueassociates.com
SONGA OGODA & ASSOCIATES
45 Amboseli Road, Lavington
P.O. Box 54584 – 00200, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 3870563
Fax: +254 20 3872510
Email: info@songaogoda.co.ke
SWIFTCOST CONSULTANTS LTD
Jumuia Place, 4th Floor, Lenana Road,
P. O Box 570 – 00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254 772 937 326, +254 020 357 9877
Email: info@swiftcost.co.ke
Website: www.swiftcost.co.ke
TANA & ASSOCIATES LTD
Peponi Plaza, Westlands Unit C3, 2nd Flr,
P. O. Box 52768 – 00200, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 3740510
Fax: +254 20 3750789
Email: info@tanaqs.com
QUANTYMAN ASSOCIATES LIMITED
Centenary house, Ring Road Westlands,
4th floor room 4b2
P.O. Box 2262-00202 KNH, Nairobi
Tel: 0717555351
Email: Info@quantyman.co.ke
TANDEM & STARK LTD
3rd Floor, East Wing, Suite 15
The Greenhouse Ngong Road
P.O. Box 53328-00200, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 2318992/2055945
Email: info@tandemandstark.net
Website: www.tandemandstark.com
Patom House, Mukinduri Lane, Lang’ata
P. O. Box 67819 – 00200 City Square, Nairobi
Tel: +254 20 2196313
Fax: +254 20 2196330
Mobile: 0733-750368/0721-402902
Email: toketch@tomoketch.com
ZIMAKI CONSULT
Lenana court off Lenana road
P O Box 8589 - 00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254-20-8008648
Off:+254-733121877
Email: info@zimakiconsult.co.ke
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG
 CONTRACTORS
EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAM

“Contracts & Claims Management

THEME
for Construction Projects.”
DATES TOPICS TO BE COVERED
20TH & 21ST • Presentation of Valid Claims
SEPTEMBER 2018 • Prudent Contract Management
• Dispute Resolving Methods
VENUE
THE ANDERSON CENTER CHARGES
Located within The Nairobi KSH. 10,000 for both days
Hospital (use Gate B of the
Nairobi hospital or the gate right
opposite Daystar University) CPD POINTS
10 CPD POINTS will be awarded by
NCA to the participants.
 IQSK
ANNUAL
SUMMIT
THEME
DATE AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Thursday 25th & AGENDA - DECODING &
Friday 26th October 2018 INTERPRETATION
Arrivals on Wednesday 24th
CHARGES
RATES INCLUDE CONFERENCE AND
VENUE ACCOMMODATION
• Kshs. 40,000 early birds (till 14th September)
Sarova Whitesands Beach, • Kshs. 45,000 regular tickets
Resort & Spa, Mombasa • Kshs. 50,000 at the door

RATES INCLUDE CONFERENCE ONLY

CPD POINTS • Kshs. 20,000 early birds (till 14th September)
CPD Points will be awarded to • Kshs. 25,000 regular tickets
participants registered with
Students to pay Kshs. 10,000 for conference
BORAQS
only for 2 days

To book your space call IQSK on 0721 676 823/0786 676 824 or visit our offices.
Payments can be made to Mpesa Paybill no. 933450, Account no. 2018AS