FLUID FLOW

November 2017
The velocity profile in the neighborhood of a surface for a Newtonian
fluid…(mahabang question)
a. Empirical formula for the velocity of the fluid in the turbulent
region. Remarks: U+=2.5lny+ +5.5

November 2017
Final temperature of ammonia T = 1250 K

November 2017
Two tanks bottoms of same level…
a. How long… to 6 m 2.94 h
b. N Re 6.2E4
c. V ave 0.82 m/s

November 2011, November 2015

A pump draws a solution of specific gravity 1.84 from a storage tank
through a 3 in. Schedule 40 steel pipe. The efficiency of the pump is
60 percent. The velocity in the suction line is 3 ft/s. the pump..
a. dP through pump 47.9 psi
b. velocity 6.61 ft/s
c. horsepower 3.25 or 1.95

November 2015
An orifice meter with flange taps…
a. orifice diameter 40.6 mm or 41 mm
b. N Re 376,000
c. Power 1.737 kW

November 2012
Hydrogen is pumped from a reservoir at 2 MN/m2 pressure through a clean
horizontal mild steel pipe 50 mm diameter and 500 m long. The downstream
pressure is also 2 MN/m2 and the pressure of this gas is raised to 2.6
MN/m2 by a pump at the upstream end of the pipe. The conditions of flow
are isothermal and the temperature of the gas is 293 K. What is the
flowrate and what is the effective rate of working of the pump? Viscosity
of hydrogen D 0.009 mN s/m2 at 293 K.
a. Specific volume 0.468 m3/kg
b. Mass flow rate 0.213 kg/s
c. Power requirement 113 kW

November 2012
600 litres/s of water at 320 K is pumped in a 40 mm i.d. pipe through a
length of 150 m in a horizontal direction and up through a vertical
height of 10 m. In the pipe there is a control valve which may be taken
as equivalent to 200 pipe diameters and other pipe fittings equivalent
to 60 pipe diameters. Also in the line there is a heat exchanger across
which there is a loss in head of 1.5 m of water. If the main pipe has a
roughness of 0.0002 m, what power must be delivered to the pump if the
unit is 60% efficient?
a. Total static head 13.06 m
b. Flow rate of water 0.6 kg/s
c. Pump work 128 W

May 2017
Water is pumped at 1.4 m3/s from a tank at a treatment plant to a tank
at a local works through two parallel pipes, 0.3 m and 0.6 m diameter
respectively. What is the velocity in each pipe and, if a single pipe
is used, what diameter will be needed if this flow of water is to be
transported, the pressure drop being the same? Assume turbulent flow
with the friction factor inversely proportional to the one quarter power
of the Reynolds number.
a. v1 2.62 m/s
b. v2 4.30 m/s
c. D 0.63 m
May 2018
A gas, having a molecular weight of 13 kg/kmol and a kinematic viscosity
of 0.25 cm2/s, flows through a pipe 0.25 m internal diameter and 5 km
long at the rate of 0.4 m3/s and is delivered at atmospheric pressure.
Calculate the pressure required to maintain this rate of flow under
isothermal conditions. The volume occupied by 1 kmol at 273 K and 101.3
kN/m2 is 22.4 m3. What would be the effect on the required pressure if
the gas were to be delivered at a height of a height of 150 m.
a. Pressure to maintain 111.1 kPa
b. Above 110.94 kPa (+ -) 16
c. below entry 111.26 kPa

May 2018
A petroleum product of viscosity 0.5 m Ns/m2 and density 700 kg/m3 is
pumped through a pipe of 0.15 m diameter to storage tanks situated 100
m away. The pressure drop along the pipe is 70 kN/m2. The pipeline has
to be repaired and it is necessary to pump the liquid by an alternative
route consisting of 70 m of 200 mm pipe followed by 50 m of 100 mm pipe.
If the existing pump is capable of developing a pressure of 300 kN/m2,
will it be suitable for use during the period required for the repairs?
Take the roughness of the pipe surface as 0.05 mm.
Pdrop 255.6 kPa
N Re in 0.2 pipe 6.6E5
N Re in 0.1 pipe 1.32E6

May 2018
Meron tanong na given diameter pipe then volumetric flow rate and the
fluid is water, what is the velocity, what is the mass flow rate, what
is the kinetic energy (madali lang makukuha yung sagot na velocity tapos
mass flow rate ang problem ay pag kuha ng kinetic energy, kasi kapag nag
KE=V^2/2 ikaw tapos ang unit dapat in watts so multiply yung mass flow
rate kc ang unit ng kinetic energy ay J/Kg tapos multiply mo Kg/s magiging
J/s which is ang layo sa choices, ang ginawa ko ay ginamit ko choices
para lumabas ang KE which is meron naman)

November 2011
A pump draws a solution of specific gravity 1.84 from a storage tank
through a 3 in (75 mm) Schedule 40 steel pipe. The efficiency of the
pump is 60 percent. The velocity in the suction line is 3 ft/s (0.914
m/s). the pump discharges through a 2 in (50 mm) Schedule 40 pipe to an
overhead tank. The end of the discharge pipe is 50 ft (15.2 m) above the
level of the solution in the feed tank. Friction losses in the entire
piping system are 10 ft lbf/lbm (29.9 J/kg). What pressure must the pump
develop? What is the power delivered to the fluid by the pump?

May isa pang situational sa fluids pero di ko na maala maray ta very

easy pawnu..hahahaha..basic lang sya..Find the diameter of the pipe,
Reynolds number and velocity..given na ngamin magasubstitute nasana sa
formula..hahahahaha..

November 2017

November 2012
Compressible gases

April 2014
What is used in ultrasonic flow meters (In HB. Doppler)

November 2016
1.4 m3/s flowrate from a tank is to be delivered to another tank. Using
parallel flow, d1=0.6m and d2=0.4m. Use f=1/(1/4 x Re).
(a) What is the velocity at d1?
(b) What is the velocity at d2?
(c) What is the diameter if one pipe is used?

November 2016 Determine:

(a) pump work
(b) frictional losses
(c) mass flowrate

November 2016
Fluid Flow - 5 to 6 questions
1. Example of pseudo plastic fluid
a. apple sauce c. tap water
b. rubber latex d. sewage sludge
5. Why is turbulent flow considered complicated?

THERMODYNAMICS

November 2012
In the calculation of the compressibility factor, which of the following
equations apply for a high pressure condition Z=1 + BP/RT

November 2017
Final temperature of ammonia 1250 K

November 2017
Complete the following statement..
All fluids, when compared at the same reduced temperature and reduced
pressure, have approximately the same compressibility factor,
and all deviate from ideal-gas behavior to about the same degree.

May 2018
Steam air 100C 5260 mmHg 10% H2O by volume
a. Superheat air in Celsius 10
b. % vapor condense if air cooled 80C 35%
c. % condensation if air compress isothermally 8500 mmHg 12%
November 2016
Water at 45degC and 10 kPa enters an adiabatic pump and is discharged
at a pressure of 8600 kPa. Assume the pump efficiency to be 0.75.
Data: V=1010 cm3/g, Volume Expansivity (beta) = 425 x10-6 /K and Cp=4.178
kJ/kg-K
Calculate the following:
a. Work of the pump 11.57 kJ/kg
b. Temperature change of the water 0.97 degC
c. Entropy change of the water 0.009 kJ/kg-K

November 2017
Propane gas at 20 bar and 400K is throttled in a steady-state flow
process to 1 bar. Estimate the final temperature of the propane and its
entropy change. Given Tc=369.8K, Pc=42.48 bar, ω=0.152.
a. Residual enthalpy -1390 J/mol
b. Final temperature 385 K
c. Entropy change 23.8 J/mol-K
Note: May isa pang Thermo Problem, madaming given na data, tatlong
magkakaibang case ng entropy ang tanong (about phase change).

May 2018
A gas is confined in a cylinder by a piston. The initial pressure of the
gas is 7 bar, and the volume is 0.10 m3. The piston is held in place by
latches in the cylinder wall. The whole apparatus is placed in a total
vacuum. What is the energy change of the apparatus if the restraining
latches are removed so that the gas suddenly expands to double its
initial volume, the piston striking other latches at the end of the
process?
Q = 0
W = 0 A steam turbine with rated capacity of 56 000 kW...
Delta U does not change - mass flow rate: 59 kg/s

November 2014
Water at 45oC and 10 kPa enters an adiabatic pump and is discharged at
a pressure of 8600 kPa. Assume the pump efficiency to be 0.75.
a. Work 11.57 kJ/kg
b. Change in temperature 0.97 K
c. Entropy change 0.0090 kJ/KgK

November 2014, November 2015

A gaseous mixture has the following composition (in mole percent):
Methane, CH4 20
Ethylene, C2H4 30
Nitrogen, N2 50
At 90 atm pressure and 100oC, compare the volume per mole as computed
by the methods of
a. Ideal gas molar volume 340 cm3/gmol
b. Pc using Kay’s method 41.1 atm
c. Molar volume Kay’s method 323 cm3/gmol

May 2018 solvable easy

Liquid n-hexane flows at a rate of m = 0.75 kg/s in a pipe with inside
diameter D = 5 cm. What are q, n, and u? What would these quantities be
for the same m if D = 2 cm? Assume for liquid n-hexane that p = 659
kg/m3
For D = 5 cm
q = 0.00114 m3/s
n = 8.703 mol/s
u = 0.582 m/s
For D = 2 cm
q = 0.00114 m3/s
n = 8.703 mol/s
u = 3.63 m/s

November 2014, May 2018 solvable tedious

Determine the molar volume of n-butane at 510 K and 25 bar by each of
the following:
a. The ideal gas equation. 1696.1 cm3/mol
 b. The generalized compressibility-factor correlation. 1480.7 cm3/mol
c. Generalized correlation for B 1489.1 cm3/mol
d. Generalized correlations for B and C. 1485.8 cm3/mol

May 2018
Methane gas at 550K and 5 bar undergoes a reversible adiabatic expansion
to 1 bar. Assuming methane to be an ideal gas at these conditions, find
its final temperature. 411.34 K

November 2012
A 40 kg steel ball/casting (Cp = 0.5 kJ /kgK) at a temperature of 450oC
is quenched in 150 kg of oil (Cp = 2.5 kJ/kgK) at 25oC. If there are no
heat losses, what is the
a. Entropy change of the ball/casting -16.33 kJ/K
b. Entropy change of oil 26.13 kJ/K
a+b=c
c. Total entropy change 9.80 kJ/K

May 2018 Coulson Problem 2.1

Calculate the ideal available energy produced by the discharge to
atmosphere through a
nozzle of air stored in a cylinder of capacity 0.1 m3 at a pressure of
5 MN/m2. The initial temperature of the air is 290 K and the ratio of
the specific heats is 1.4.
delta U = -840 kJ

April 2014, November 2017

What is the specific gravity of nitrogen at 80°F and 745mmHg compared
to air at 80°F and 745mmHg. 28/29

April 2014
Air P1=10atm T1=40°F molar volume=36.49ft3/lbmol P2=1atm T2=140°F (cp=7
cv=5 BTU/lbmol °F) if PV/T=K
a. What is the final volume? choices in ft3
a.473.39 b.479.37 c.493.43 d.437.93
 b. What is the internal energy of the 2 systems combined? choices in
BTU
a.510.70 b.507.7 c.570 d.500.07
c. What is the enthalpy of the system? choices in BTU
a.730.3 b.706.3 c.703.6 d760.6

April 2014
What is the value of R for 1 gmol of ideal gas and if pressure is in
atm, volume in m3 and tempreture in K.
a.80.60 b.86.20 c.82.06 d.88.06

April 2014
Hydrogen gas P1=15psia T1=80°F compressed at a rate of 20ft3/min in a
hot environment until P=75.3psig. Heat is introduced at a rate of
20BTU/min and the change in entropy is 0.268BTU/min-R. T1=540R h1=3660.9
u1=2588.5 sp heat=31.232
a. What is the final T in R?
a.709 b.790 c.970 d.907
b. What is the work in equivalent HP if the system is non-flow?
a.2.14 b.4.44 c.2.14 d.4.21
c. Work if the system is steady flow in BTU/min
a.-153 b.-351 c.-315 d.-135

November 2016
Given T1, P1, P2, h1, hf1, hf, Sg, S2 (no units)
Find:
(a) work produced by the turbine
(b) change in entropy
(c) work produced by the turbine if non-flow

May 2018
Example 5.5
In a steady-state flow process, 1 mol/s of air at 600 K and 1 atm is
continuously mixed with 2 mol/s of air at 450 K and 1 atm. The product
stream is at 400 K and 1 atm. Determine the rate of heat transfer and
the rate of entropy generation for the process. Assume that air is an
ideal gas with cp = 7/2 R, that the surroundings are at 300 K, and that
kinetic and potential energy changers are negligible.

kaso iba given sya ay 2 mols air at 650K and 1 atm mix with 3 mols air
with 500K and 1 atm and product stream is 450K and 1 atm the surroundings
is 300K (Note: tanda ko answers ng example 5.5 kaso wala sa choices)
What is the heat?
What is the total entropy change?

November 2016
Requirements are similar to the first turbine problem.

November 2017
Meron ding tanong na gagamit ng Van der Waals Equation.

November 2011

November 2011

November 2011

November 2012
The use of thermodynamics in our daily lives.

November 2012
November 2012
Types of system in thermodynamics

November 2012
Real gas equations and application (Particularly, range of pressure
whether high/low or atmospheric)

November 2012
Thermodynamic problems involving gases contained in the one vessel then
a valve connecting to other empty vessel of the same volume was opened.
o What is the resulting temperature
o Resulting pressure
o The change in the entropy

ChE Calculations
BARYTES
November 2011
a. excess reactant = C
TiCl4 can be formed by reacting TiO2… b. %xs reactant = 50.6%
a. the kg of TiO2 ore fed 0.54 c. degree of completion = 0.901
b. the kg of 45 wt% HCl solution fed 2.05
c. the ratio of recycle stream to fresh TiO2 ore (in kg) 0.26

November 2011
The synthesis of ammonia proceeds according to the following reaction…
a. what is the limiting reactant N2
b. What is the percent excess reactant 16.2%
c. What is the percent conversion obtained (based on the limiting
reactant)? 60%

April 2014, November 2016, May 2018

A contact process plant produces 98% H2SO4 ..
 a. 95.9% H2SO4 2060
b. 97.3% H2SO4 6470 6170+ real answer
c. 98% H2SO4 2240

April 2014
Sugar cane ethanol... distillation and fermentation is 99% and 90%
efficient respectively… (Mass balance)
a. What is the amount of syrup feed in tons/day? 322 MT/day
b. What is the amount of cane juice feed in tons/day? 1303
c. Recovery of alcohol in terms of cane juice? 89.1%
Ethanol produced 79 MT/day
November 2011, November 2016, November 2017
Your plant has a furnace that uses a fuel.. bisulphate na dapat ay
bisulphite
a. sulphur in the feed? 301.5
b. Caustic soda was used? 376.6
c. SO2 produced? 67

May 2017, November 2017

A limestone analysis:
CaCO3 (92.89%)
MgCO3 (5.41%)
unreactive (1.70%).
a. Pounds of calcium oxide produced from 1 ton of limestone? 1041
b. How many pounds of CO2 can be recovered per pound of limestone?
0.437
c. How many pounds of limestone are needed to make 1 ton of lime? 3550

November 2017
A continuous still is to be used to separate acetic acid, water, and
benzene from each other.. Mass balance
a. How many independent material balance equations can be formulated
for this problem? 3
b. How many variables whose values are unknown exist in the problem?
3
No reaction occurs in this problem and the process is in the steady
state.

N.D.
Perchloric acid (HClO4) can be prepared as shown in the diagram below
from Ba(ClO4)2
and HClO4. Sulfuric acid is supplied in 20% excess to react with
Ba(ClO4)2. If 17,400 lb HClO4
leave the separator and the recycle is 6125 lb Ba(ClO4)2 over the time
period, calculate :
a. The overall conversion of Ba(ClO4)2. 100%
b. The lb of HClO4 leaving the separator per lb of feed. 0.64
c. The lb of H2SO4 entering the reactor. 10,700
square root
d. The per pass conversion of Ba(ClO4)2. 0.80

November 2017
Air is bubbled through a drum of liquid hexane at a rate of 0.100
kmol/min. the gas stream leaving the drum contains 10.0 mole % hexane
vapor. Air may be considered insoluble in liquid hexane.
a. What is the molar flowrate of the output stream? 0.111 kmol/min
b. What is the total number of moles of C6H14 accumulated? -76.45 kmol
C6H14 hexane

c. Using integral balance, estimate the time required to vaporize 10.0

m3 of the liquid? 6880 min
Problem 4.5A Supplementary
Assume that Raoult's Law holds for the following mixture
mole%
n-Hexane 20
Benzene 50
Toluene 30
a. What is the dew point pressure of the mixture if it is at 150°F?
333 mmHg
b. What is the dew point temperature of the mixture if it is at 85
psia? 435 K
c. What is the bubble point temperature of the mixture if it is at 70
psig? The
barometer reads 780 mmHg. 429 K
a. What is the bubble point pressure if the mixture is 150°F? 425 mmHg

November 2012
The chlorination of methane occurs by the following reaction
CH4 + Cl2 -> CH3Cl + HCl
You are asked to determine the product composition if the conversion of
the limiting reactant is 67%, and the feed composition in mole% is given
as: 40% CH4, 50% Cl2, and 10% N2.
a. Extent of reaction 26.8 gmoles
b. …what is limiting reactant: CH4
c. Percent Cl2 in product 23.2%

November 2012
A solution of HNO3 in water has a specific gravity of 1.10 at 25oC. The
concentration of the HNO3 is 15 g/L of solution. What is
a. Weight of H2O 99.986 g
b. Mole fraction of HNO3 3.90x10-5 ito yung typo na answer. imemorize
c. … HNO3 in the solution = 13,640 ppm

November 2011
November 2011

November 2012
Combustion of methane
o Amount of CO2 produce
o Theo O2
o Carbon to hydrogen ratio

November 2016
Material Balance of Separator (ethanol, water and methanol -given feed
and A composition)
Find:
(a) flowrate of B
(b) ethanol of B
(c) methanol of B

May 2017
CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS
May 2 combustion problem
1. Given 25% excess, taz partial flue gas analysis. Find the chemical
formula ng fuel, Excess air, kina nalingwan ko na su usad na
pinahanap..hahaha..basta kayang kaya kadi basta nagadal sa Stoic na
book..Basic sya!!hahahaha
2. Su second problem na combustion..Di na sya basic..kadakul na
given..may partial pressure relative humidity, etc etc..Pero studyan nyo
lang talaga su Stoic na reference ta..Study ulit nung mga different
analysis like modified and ultimate..may ash ash..hahaha..keribels nyo
na kadi aram ko!!.hahahahaha..
November 2017
• ChE-Cal 2 (combustion of gaseous fuel given ang Orsat Analysis,
tinatanong ang H/C ratio, % excess air, simple lang) linked

May 2018
Meron tanong na ganto: meron daw 1.5 moles phosphorus per mol aluminum
tapos may solution daw na solution (given volume 12000 m3/day) na
contains 8mg/L phosphorus tapos given at 48% solution sp.gr = 1.2. find
the Kg of alum (alum to hindi aluminum) per kg of phosphorus, how many
liters of solution per kg of phosphorus, what should be the volume of
storage tank needed for 30days?

May 2018
May tanong na fermentation process kaso ang given lang at sp.gr ng
solution,, at 12.75% sugar in solution tapos ang hinahanap ay kg sugar
to kg water, lb solution per ft3 solution, grams of sugar per ft3 solution
(na mental block ako dito kc yung ft3 ay cuft ang type pero na gets ko
din nung 2nd reading)

CRE

N.D.
One liter per minute of liquid containing A and B flow into a mixed
reactor of volume…
-rA 0.08 mol/Lmin
-rB -0.02 mol/Lmin
-rC -0.04 mol/Lmin

November 2012
If the concentration of the reactant increases, the half life decreases,
what order of the reaction is this?
2nd Order Reaction
November 2012
Which of the following is the reaction time is directly proportional to
the concentration of the reactant?
Zero Order

November 2012
What do yu call the temperature in which the reactor condition cannot
be controlled?
Runaway Temperature

November 2017
Phosphine…
a. [PH3]initial 0.0038 lbmol/ft3
b. Volume PFR 230 ft3

N.D
The elementary liquid-phase reaction…w/ rate equation…
V total 6 L/min
Each 3 L/min

N.D.
You are asked to recommend with reasons a suitable equipment for gas-
liquid reaction…
a. Sqrt of k2 CBL DA 1.5E-5 m/s
b. Range of beta 0.0375-0.075 (bubble dispersion) and 0.15-0.3 (packed
column)
c. Suitable equipment bubble dispersion (agitated vessel)

Evaporation
solvable
November 2011
A liquid with no appreciable elevation of boiling-point is concentrated
in a triple-effect evaporator. If the temperature of the steam to the
first effect is 395 K and vacuum is 194 applied to the third effect so
that the boiling-point is 325 K, what are the approximate boiling-points
in the three effects? The overall transfer coefficients may be taken as
3.1, 2.3, and 1.1 kW/m2 K in the three effects respectively.
a. T1 381.5 K
b. T2 363.2 K
c. T3 325 K

May 2017
A forward-feed double-effect evaporator, having 10 m2 of heating surface
in each effect, is used to concentrate 0.4 kg/s of caustic soda solution
from 10 to 50 per cent by mass. During a particular run, when the feed
is at 328 K, the pressures in the two calandrias are 375 and 180 kN/m2
respectively, and the condenser operates at 15 kN/m2. For these
conditions, calculate:
a. Condenser load 0.15 kg/s
b. Economy 1.57
c. U each effect U1=2.53; U2=1.84

November 2011

Crystallization

November 2012
A tank holds 10000 kg of a saturated solution of Na2CO3 at 30oC. You
want to crystallized from this solution 3000 kg of Na2CO3.10H2O without
any accompanying water. To what temperature must this solution be cooled?
a. Water in initial solution 7200 kg
b. Water in mother liquor 5313 kg
c. Temperature of mother liquor 26oC

November 2012 try to solve

10 Mg of a solution containing 0.3 kg Na2CO3/kg solution is cooled slowly
to 293 K to form crystals of Na2CO3.10H2O. What is the yield of crystals
if the solubility of Na2CO3 at 293 K is 21.5 kg/100 kg water and during
cooling 3 per cent of the original solution is lost by evaporation?
a. MW ratio of decahydrate to anhydrous 2.7
b. Mother liquor
c. Weight of remaining solvent 6700 kg
d. Crystals 6536 kg

November 2012

November 2016
Determine:
(a) concentration of F
(b) concentration of P
(c) mass of crystals

November 2017
Crystallization (vacuum crystallizer, trial & error ng options) linked

Humidification

November 2016
Air at 75degC, 1.1 bar with 30% humidity is fed into a process unit at
1000 m3/hr. Calculate:
a. kmol O2 /hr
b. humidity of air
c. dew point temperature

May isa pang lumabas November 2016

 November 2017
Humidification (use psychrometric chart, formulas ng humidity) linked

May 2018
humdification ay air at 29.76 in hg, 90%RH, and 70F tapos nag pump sa
tire tapos nag heat ang air inside the tire to 120F tapos nag hinahanap
at partial pressure of air in inlet condition the partial pressure in
outlet condition at last ay amount of water condenses (mejo tricky to
na problem kc kapag partial pressure kc hinahanap laging sa water, nag
tagal ako dito kc indi ko agad na kita na sa air pala hinahanap)

Drying

April 2014, May 2018

Drying of Solids from 25% to 10% at constant drying conditions with
Xc=15% and Xe=5% takes 4.17hrs. A solid is to dry from 30% to 8% with
the same drying conditions. (note: nasa Coulson daw itong problem ans:
C,A,C)
a. 1st period 0.113 kg/s
b. 2nd period 0.05 kg/kg
c. Total time 6.65 h

November 2015
air
A granular material containing 40 per cent moisture is fed to a
in and out
countercurrent rotary dryer at a temperature of 295 K and is withdrawn
at 305 K, containing 5 per cent moisture. The air supplied, which
contains 0.006 kg water vapour/kg dry air, enters at 385 K and leaves
at 310 K. The dryer handles 0.125 kg/s wet stock. Assuming that radiation
losses amount to 20 kJ/kg dry air used, determine the mass flowrate of
dry air supplied to the dryer and the humidity of the exit air. The
latent heat of water vapour at 295 K = 2449 kJ/kg, specific heat capacity
of dried material = 0.88 kJ/kg K, the specific heat capacity of dry air
= 1.00 kJ/kg K, and the specific heat capacity of water vapour = 2.01
kJ/kg K.
a. …
b. Dry air flow rate 2.07 kg/s
c. Humidity of outlet air 0.0284 kg/kg

November 2014
start
0.126 kg/s of a solid product containing 4 per cent water is produced
in a dryer from a wet feed containing 42 per cent water on a wet basis.
Ambient air at 294 K and of 40 per cent relative humidity is heated to
366 K in a preheater before entering the dryer from which it leaves at
60 per cent relative humidity. Assuming that the dryer operates 224
adiabatically, what must be the flowrate of air to the preheater and how
much heat must be added to the preheater? How will these values be
affected if the air enters the dryer at 340 K and sufficient heat is
supplied within the dryer so that the air again leaves at 340 K with a
relative humidity of 60 per cent?
a. Water evaporated 0.6833 kg/kg
b. Dry air flow rate 3.16 m3/s
c. Heat added 276 kW

Heat Transfer

November 2017
A smooth tube in a condenser which is 25 mm internal diameter and 10 m
long is carrying cooling water and the pressure drop over the length of
the tube is 2 ð 104 N/m2. If vapour at a temperature of 353 K is
condensing on the outside of the tube and the temperature of the cooling
water rises from 293 K at inlet to 333 K at outlet,
a. U based on inside area 6.57 kW/m2K
b. Film coeff 11.68 kW/m2K
c. Rate of condensation 0.235 kg/s
November 2012
Radiation problem plus Furnace operation

April 2014
Which of the following is not dependent on temperature and wavelength?
a. black body
b. gray body
c. plasma
d. moving body

November 2016
Heat Transfer - 2 questions

May 2018
Heat transfer: given temp of product t initial and t final, then given
T initial cooling water, find LMTD @ co-current and counter current flows

May 2018
Heat transfer: oil cooling sya given temp initial and final and given
mass flow rate tapos may cooling water given temp and equal mass daw sya
ng oil, given din sa kanila yung kanilang heat transfer
coefficient U (oil and water), tapos ang hinahanap ay T equilibrium,
overall heat coeffiencient (ang ginawa ko ay 1/Ut=1/U1 +1/U2 may nalabas
sagot) and find area.

Distillation

April 2014 batch D solvable. basta batch ito. use rayleigh equation
Given a relative volatility of 4,600 mols of A and 400 mols of B are fed
in a kettle for distillation. A is more volatile than B.
a. Overhead product 725 moles
b. A in overhead product 545 moles
c. If 50% of the feed evaporated, how much A remains in the kettle?
November 2012
A mixture of water and ethyl alcohol containing 0.16 mole fraction
alcohol is continuously distilled in a plate fractionating column to
give a product containing 0.77 mole fraction alcohol and a waste of 0.02
mole fraction alcohol. It is proposed to withdraw 25 per cent of the
alcohol in the entering stream as a side stream containing 0.50 mole
fraction of alcohol. Determine the number of theoretical plates required
and the plate from which the side stream should be withdrawn if the feed
is liquor at its boiling point and a reflux ratio of 2 is used.
a. Weight of Distillate 13.55 kmol
b. Vapor at top section 40.65 kmol
c. Vapor at bottom section 40.65 kmol
d. Theoretical plates needed 8 plates
e. Plate of side stream withdrawal 4th plate from top

May 2018
distillation problem Xd=0.9 Xb=0.1 xf=0.6 relative volatility of 2.4
find minimun stages, if at boiling point what is Rmin, if yF@0.61 what
is Rmin?

May 2018
It is desired to separate 1 kg/s of an ammonia solution containing 30
per cent NH3 by mass into 99.5 per cent liquid NH3 and a residual weak
solution containing 10 per cent NH3. Assuming the feed to be at its
boiling point, a column pressure of 1013 kN/m2, a plate efficiency of
60 per cent and that an 8 per cent excess over the minimum reflux
requirements is used, how many plates must be used in the column and how
much heat is removed in the condenser and added in the boiler?
a. Heat input to boiler 617 kW
b. Condenser duty 372 kW

Gas Absorption
November 2017
A tower packed with ceramic intalox saddles
a. Tower D 1.67 ft
b. Pressure drop 7 inH2O or 4.6 inH2O

May 2017
Gas ab with N Re and mass transfer coeff
a. G’ 2.0 kg/m2s
b. v 1.73 m/s
c. MT coeff 7.56E-4

November 2016
Calculate concentration of stream and overall mass transfer coefficient

Leaching

November 2011, April 2014

Seeds (no equation)… R = 1 kg solution / 2 kg inert Stages 5

November 2016
Given feed of 25% solute A and 75% inert. 95% recovery. Retention=1 lb
soln/lb inert
Determine:
a. concentration in extracted solid = 0.016667
b. concentration in extract
c. L/V
Soda ash is mixed with ash and liquor .. thickeners
Others (a) solids in sludge===10.7 Mg/day
Causticization 4 stages (b) water to the 3rd thickener===129 Mg/day
Barium carbonate 5.7% Na2S (c) %caustic soda leaving thickeners
T1===4.34%
Cottonseed 27.8% oil
T2===0.47%
Seeds… (with equation) 4 stages T3===0.05%
Halibut 3 stages

Liquid-Liquid Extraction

November 2011
Acetic acid & isopropyl ether
a. Concentration of acid in raffinate 0.02
b. Log driving force 0.0036
c. NTU 5.53
d. k 0.461

November 2014, May 2017

Acetic acid & benzene
a. acid transferred 4.2E-8 kmol/s
b. overall transfer coefficient 7.66E-4 kmol/sm3
c. HTU 1.618 m

*Acetic acid ketone y = 0.548 x

November 2017
Counter-current solvent extraction (trial & error ng options) linked

Filtration

April 2014
A slurry containing 100 kg of whiting, of density 3000 kg/m3, per m3 of
water, and, is filtered in a plate and frame press, which takes 900 s
to dismantle, clean, and re-assemble. If the cake is incompressible and
has a voidage of 0.4, what is the optimum thickness of cake for a
filtration pressure (−_P) of 1000 kN/m2? The density of the whiting is
3000 kg/m3. If the cake is washed at 500 kN/m2 and the total volume of
wash water employed is 25 per cent of that of the filtrate, how is the
optimum thickness of the cake affected? The resistance of the filter
medium may be neglected and the viscosity of water is 1 mNs/m2. In an
experiment, a pressure difference of 165 kN/m2 produced a flow of water
of 0.02 cm3/s through a centimetre cube of filter cake.
Optimum frame thickness 70 mm
Frame thickness 60 mm
r 8.25E13 m-2

November 2017
Filtration equipment

Centrifugation

May 2017
An aqueous suspension consisting of particles of density 2500 kg/m3 in
the size range
1–10 μm is introduced into a centrifuge with a basket 450 mm diameter
rotating at 80 Hz.
If the suspension forms a layer 75 mm thick in the basket, approximately
how long will
it take for the smallest particle to settle out?
a. Angular velocity of the basket 503 rad/s
b. Reynolds Number 0.46
c. Time 19.3s

May 2018
A centrifuge with a phosphor bronze basket, 380 mm in diameter, is to
be run at 67 Hz
with a 75 mm layer of liquid of density 1200 kg/m3 in the basket. What
thickness of
walls are required in the basket? The density of phosphor bronze is 8900
kg/m3 and the
maximum safe stress for phosphor bronze is 87.6 MN/m2.
Thickness 15.1 mm
Safe stress 87.6E6 Pa
Wall pressure 2.43E6 Pa

May 2018
If a centrifuge is 0.9 m diameter and rotates at 20 Hz, at what speed
should a laboratory
centrifuge of 150 mm diameter be run if it is to duplicate the performance
of the large unit?
w1 40pi rad/s
w2 98pi rad/s
speed 49 Hz

November 2016
A clarifying centrifuge, given cutoff diameter, density of particle and
fluid, etc
Find:
(a) capacity
(b) change in density
(c) capacity if replaced by gravitational sedimentation

Membrane Separation

November 2016, November 2017

A hollow fiber permeator with Do=300 micrometers and Di=200 micrometers
gives a water flux of 10 gal/day-ft3 with 0.1M NaCl solution at 20degC
and the salt rejection is 97%. Feed solution flows normal to the fibers
at an average superficial velocity of 0.5 cm/s.
a. Exit velocity and pressure drop within fibers 0.425 m/s; 5.03 atm
b. Pressure drop between fibers
c. Pressure drop if fibers are open at both ends 1.26 atm
May 2018
Meron tanong about membrane separator na related sa mga COD ganun, hindi
ko pa sya nakikitang type of problem, brackish water ang given tapos
membrane area hinahanap

Sedimentation

November 2016, May 2018

Quartz Galena 0.0103–0.0126 mm

November 2011
A cyclone separator,…
a. Theoretical cut particle size 2.17 micron
b. Terminal velocity of smallest particle retained 3.83E-4 m/s

Others
*Quartz Galena
Density 3097 kg/m3
t 0.05s

Fluidization

November 2011
Glass spheres
a. Voidage 0.755
b. Density of fluidized bed 1367 kg/m3
c. Pressure gradient 3605 Pa/m

April 2014
Given a minimum fluidization of sand in water at 24°C
Ρp=2550kg/m3 sphericity = 0.86 ε=0.42 h=1.75m ave particle size=0.4mm
diameter(bed)=(nakalimutan q kopyahin)(note: nasa Coulson din daw itong
problem)
 How much solid is needed? choices in kg
a.235.52 b.352.32 c.523.35 d.325.25
What is the pressure drop? choices in Kpa
a.14.5 b.13.4 c.15.4 d.17.3
What is the velocity of the liquid? choices in m/hr
a.6.75 b.7.65 c.5.76 d.7.57

Agitation

November 2012, November 2016

Tests on a small scale Rushton impeller…
a. Speed of larger impeller 20.8 rev/min
b. Power required 9.8 W
c. Blending time 1.15 min

Unlisted

November 2011

November 2011

November 2012

April 2014
Given: Equimolar liquid mixture of B and T is in equilibrium with its
vapor at 30°C.(note: hint given, use Raoult’s law or henry’s law)
What is the pressure of the system? Choices in mmHg
a. 76 b. 78 c. 79 d. 80
What is the composition of B in the vapor? Choices in mol B/mol
a. 0.746 b. 0.764 c. 0.674 d. 0.667
A gas with 1% mol of ethane is in contact with water at 20°C and 20
atm. What is the mol fraction of dissolved ethane? choices in
KmolC2H6/mol
a. 0.0607 b. 0.0067 c. 0.0706 d. 0.0076

April 2014
Given a solution with 5g of solute in 100g of water at 1atm. The solution
boils at 100.421°C.
What is the molecular wt. of the compound if the mol fraction of the
solute in the solution is 0.421/28.5?choices in g/gmol
a. 65.1 b.61.0 c.60.1 d.62.1
What is the effective vapor pressure of the solvent at 25°C?choices
in mmHg
a.25.3 b.26.0 c.23.4 d.24.3
What is the freezing point of the solution at 1atm? choices in °C
a.-3.15 b.-1.53 c.-3.53 d.-1.35

November 2017
Pumps (tinatanong ang specific speed, efficiency, diko tanda yung isa;
given ang rpm at flow rate pero di given ang head kaya di makuha sagot)
linked

November 2017
About doppler method perry 8-60

Adsorption
November 2012

Chemical Process Industries

November 2012
What unit operation originated in Trona Process?
d. Fractional Distillation
e. Crystallization
f. Evaporation
g. Phase Rule

November 2012
Based on the following reactions, choose the Hagreave’s process.
Production of Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4)

April 2014
Other term of earth wax ozocerite

April 2014
Which of the ff industries( stated in the question that the industry
itself is a power plant) produces electricity aside from its main product.
a. oil refinery
b. sugar industry
c. biomass industry

November 2016
CPI - 5 to 6 questions
2. Product of distillation of coal tar phenol
3. What is the minimum capacity to consider batch process to continuous?
May 2018
Geron? Tanda ko lang si kerogen – oil shale

Plant Design

November 2016
Plant Design - 5 to 6 questions

Process Control

November 2012
Which of the following process uses the MIMO system in controlling their
process parameter?
o Distillation
o Extraction
o Evaporation
o Crystallization

November 2012
How is the fluctuation in the process is controlled?
Equipping the instrument with integral controller

November 2012
Definition of noise in the process control.

April 2014
Other name of Yamatake system (process automation - DCS)
a. android
b. windows
c. azbil
April 2014
Electronic noise inside an electric conductor which is independent of
applied voltage
a. shot noise
b. Johnson noise
c. white noise

April 2014
Difference between measured value and set point (choices: deviation,
error, oscillation)

November 2016
Process Control - 5 to 6 questions
4. What is the simplest type of control commonly expressed as having
on/off position action?
a. Integral c. Bang Bang
b. Manual d. Input-Output