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RIGID BEAM END CONNECTIONS
AMANUEL GEBREMESKEL
UNIVERSITY OF WITWATERSRAND
CHAPTER 8: RIGID
BEAM END
CONNECTIONS
2
Chapter 8: Overview
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Welded end connections
8.3 Bolted end plate connections
8.4 Haunched end plate connections
8.5 Examples
8.6 Standard connections tables
Chapter 8: Big box model
4
Chapter 8.1: Introduction
Moment connections are used in
– Any connection that must maintain the
angle between the connecting member
under all possible loads
One such use of moment connections is
in moment frames which are used
– For architectural reasons
– For mechanical reasons
– To allow for stable energy dissipation
Another use involves splices which are
discussed in chapter 10 5
Chapter 8.1: Introduction
Joint stiffness
6
Chapter 8.2: Welded end
connections
Chapter 8.2: Welded end
connections
Various configurations of welded end
connections
8
Chapter 8.2: Welded end
connections
Various configurations of welded end
connections
Chapter 8.2: Welded end
connections
Mouse (rat) holes done right
– The purpose of the weld access hole in a
fully welded connection is to allow a
welder to be able to make complete
penetration welds at both the top and
bottom beam flange connections
The mouse hole also
relieves the tri‐axial state
of stress in CJP welds and
thus results in more
connection ductility
10
Chapter 8.2: Welded end
connections
Mouse (rat) holes done right
– How does a moment connection with a
weld access hole achieve the full bending
capacity of the beam ?
• At ultimate design levels strain hardening in
the flanges will allow for a connection capacity
that is equivalent to Mp
11
Chapter 8.2: Welded end
connections
Potential failure points in a welded end
connection
#4 also known as panel zone shear
All other limit states addressed
In previous chapters
12
Chapter 8.2: Welded end
connections
Panel Zone shear
13
Chapter 8.2: Welded end
connections
Panel Zone shear
– Given Mu, Vu, hb and hc
Figure 8.3
14
Chapter 8.2: Welded end
connections
Panel Zone shear
– Given Mu, Vu, hb and hc
15
Chapter 8.2: Welded end
connections
Panel Zone shear
– Resistance of the column web
16
Chapter 8.2: Welded end
connections
Panel Zone shear
– Stiffening the web
Figure 8.4 Figure 8.5
17
Chapter 8.2: Welded end
connections
Panel Zone shear
– Stiffeners vs. doublers
• Stiffeners can also be used to resist flange
bending and web buckling, yielding or crippling
limit states
• Possibly less welding involved with doublers
where welding the doubler plate to the flanges
of the column is sufficient
18
Chapter 8.3: Bolted end plate
connections
19
Chapter 8.3: Bolted end plate
connections
Bolted end plate moment connections
allow for easier erection and are thus
preferred to welded moment
connections
Figure 8.6
20
Chapter 8.3: Bolted end plate
connections
Failure points in bolted end plate connections
21
Chapter 8.3: Bolted end plate
connections
Fig 8.8 provides a model of the forces in
bolted connections
22
Chapter 8.3: Bolted end plate
connections
Fig 8.10 provides a model of the forces
in bolted connections for the purpose
of design
23
Chapter 8.3: Bolted end plate
connections
Design methodology, Mr
24
Chapter 8.3: Bolted end plate
connections
Design methodology, Cr
25
Chapter 8.3: Bolted end plate
connections
Other considerations
– SAISC recommends developing the tension
flange by use of fillet welds for thinner
flanges and full penetration welds for
thicker flanges
– Tension in the column web must be
addressed as per chapter 6
26
Chapter 8.3: Bolted end plate
connections
Other considerations
– Panel zone shear (given in equation 8.11)
must be addressed as per discussion above
– Use backing plates or equation 3.32 to
design the column flange in order to avoid
prying action on the bolts
27
Chapter 8.3: Bolted end plate
connections
Figure 8.13
28
Chapter 8.4: Haunched end plate
connections
29
Chapter 8.4: Haunched end plate
connections
Haunched beams
Figure 8.14
30
Chapter 8.6: Resistance tables
Bolted end plate connection tables
– As illustrated in Figure 8.15 three different
types of end plate connections are covered
in the resistance tables
31
Chapter 8.6: Resistance tables
Bolted end plate connection tables
– Flush and extended end plates
32
Chapter 8.6: Resistance tables
Bolted end plate connection tables
– Mini‐haunched end plates
33
Chapter 8.6: Resistance tables
Bolted end plate connection tables
– Haunched end plates
34
Chapter 8.6: Resistance tables
Bolted end plate connection tables
– After selecting a connection from Table 8.4
solve for the bolt loads using the
methodology discussed above
– Check to make sure that the column
flanges can carry these loads in Table 8.6
35
Chapter 8.6: Resistance tables
Table 8.4
Table 8.6
36