Petrel: Volumetric Calculation

Volumetrics and Uncertainty Analysis .................................................................................................... 3

Make Contacts Process- Make Regions Property Tab ........................................................................ 3
Visualize Contacts ........................................................................................................................... 4
Make Contact Property ................................................................................................................... 4
Volume Calculations ........................................................................................................................... 5
Generating Cases and Results ......................................................................................................... 5
Calculate Volumes in a 3D Grid ....................................................................................................... 6
Specify the Properties for the Case................................................................................................. 6
Specify the Results of a Volumetric Case ........................................................................................ 7
Generate a Report........................................................................................................................... 7
Visualize the Output: Volume Maps ............................................................................................... 7
Defining Uncertainty ............................................................................................................................... 9
Uncertainty and Optimization Process ............................................................................................. 10
Defining the Variables ................................................................................................................... 10
Case Management and output for Uncertainty ............................................................................ 11
Base Case Scenario........................................................................................................................ 11
Selection of Uncertain Parameters ............................................................................................... 11
An Example or Changing a Variable .............................................................................................. 12
Viewing your Results ..................................................................................................................... 12
Histograms .................................................................................................................................... 13
Sensitivity .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Create a Sensitivity Plot ................................................................................................................ 15
Volumetrics and Uncertainty Analysis
Make contacts Is located in the property modeling tab

1. Using the Blue append icon you can append the type and number of contacts
2. Define the contact type
3. Type in a unique contact name
4. Define the contact level options:
By zones
By regions property
By segments
Fixed for all zones and segments

5. By all zones or segments: Define a contact with a constant or a surface.

6. Use region property: Regions can be defined using any
discrete property.

Make Contacts Process- Make Regions Property Tab

1. On the Make regions property tab, regions can be created using any discrete property.

2. They also can be modified using these options:

 Merge regions- Which will alow you to combine segments of your model to be included for the
make contact process
 Add regions from property- This can be ised if you only want certain properties (facies model) to
be included.
 3. Add region from polygon- Using a polygon a segmnt can be added to be included in the contat
process.

Visualize Contacts

After running the Make contacts process, the new contact set is stored in a Fluid Contacts folder in
the 3D grid.

Click the Style tab under Settings for the Fluid Contacts folder to control visualization settings.

Make Contact Property

1. Contacts are stored in a Contact Set folder in the 3D grid.

2. Click the Operations tab under Settings for the Contact Set folder to make a property.

3. Select the appropriate fluid codes above/below contacts and click the Make Property button. The contact
property is stored in the 3D grid > Properties folder.

4. Use value filter for the property.

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Volume Calculations

The Volume calculation process accurately calculates the various volumes (bulk, pore, and fluid) in a 3D grid.

Data you can use:

 Boundary, license block Zones, Segments

 Properties (Net/Gross, porosity, Sw)
 Constants (Bo, Bg, Rs, Rv)
 Contacts (GOC, OWC, GWC)
 Recovery factors (REC). Contact

Generating Cases and Results

Cases Pane
Running a volume calculation creates a case, which will have a volume case icon in the Cases pane. This must
be toggled for viewing results stored in the Results pane.

Results Pane
Acts as a filter for outputs of the Volume Calculation. Standard parameters are calculated for all volume
calculations if the appropriate input is supplied.
Calculate Volumes in a 3D Grid

First, define one consistent representation of reality - a case.

The Properties tab holds all the input data for the volume calculation

1. Double-click on the Volume calculation process

2. Create a new case or update an existing one
3. Choose a 3D grid (from the drop-down list) on which you will run the Volume calculation
4. Define the Hydrocarbon intervals to use. Choose contacts from the Fluid Contacts folder and drop
them using the Blue arrow
5. Browse through the Property tabs and choose either a property model or a constant for each input
6. Specify the outputs to generate in the Settings tab
7. Click Apply to store, then click Run

Specify the Properties for the Case

Choose a constant value or a property from a drop-down list of the appropriate properties (template
dependent) in the chosen 3D grid

Define Oil and Gas properties. Use either an existing property (drop-down list) from the grid or select the
Constant property box and enter a value

On the General Properties tab, activate N/G and Porosity properties or use constants.
 Specify the Results of a Volumetric Case

The Settings tab controls the outputs that will be created and allows
you to create extra filters for separating results.

 Choose to create a 3D property

 Create a volume height map of any of the parameters
 Output the results to a spreadsheet
 When Volume calculation is run, the properties are
stored in the Properties folder of the selected grid and the
maps are stored in a Volume Maps folder in the Input
pane.

Generate a Report

1. Choose the Properties to display in the

report.
2. Filter settings are stored in the Results pane.
3. Right-click on the Volumetric folder >
Settings.
4. Choose single/multiple cases
5. Specify the Detail level on the Format tab
6. Click Make Report.
7. View the report and copy or save it to a text
editor.

Visualize the Output: Volume Maps

Volume Maps are stored in the Input pane

Maps can be displayed in a Map window (e.g., STOIIP).Volume maps also can be shown in a 3D window draped
over a topographic surface.
a. Output a depth Surface from Horizon.

b. Right-click and select Copy the STOIIP map as a surface attribute.

c. Right-click and paste it onto the depth surface.

d. Expand the surface and choose the attribute to visualize.

Defining Uncertainty

First you need to create a new Uncertainty workflow

1. Open the Uncertainty and optimization located in the property modelling tab along the ribbon.
2. The Uncertainty analysis dialog box must be filled with information such as defining variables and the
number of runs.
3. The new Uncertainty workflow is stored on the Workflows pane.

Workflow Toolbox- Variables

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 Uncertainty and Optimization Process
1. Workflow name, option to edit or create new uncertainty and to choose a task, such as uncertainty,
sensitivity, or optimization.
2. Base case definition, Variables tab, and task dependent tab.
3. Lists all processes needed to reproduce the current case.

Tools for testing, saving, and running the workflow

Defining the Variables

1. Define the variables type and distribution under the Variables tab.
2. Define the number of samples in the Uncertainty tab.
3. Save or Run the Uncertainty workflow.
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Choose Variable type from the drop down box

Disabled: A user-defined constant value is used

(by default, the base case).

Uncertain: This variable is altered during an

uncertainty run.

Control: This variable is altered during an

optimization run.

SEED variable: The constant integer value used

as the start of the random number sequence, for
stochastic processes.

Expression: Any numeric expression with syntax

as allowed by the Workflow editor, and/or
referencing other existing variables, and/or
creating a new user-defined variable.
Choose Distribution type depending on your variable
Case Management and output for Uncertainty
The Cases pane works as a management system for the output:

1. Organizes the (potentially large amount of) cases.

2. Can be used for Volume Calculation.

Base Case Scenario

A Base case (a Petrel 3D model holding a volume case) must exist before starting the uncertainty
evaluation.

This base case model is modified when running the uncertainty workflows, but it will be reproduced
with the base case parameters after all sensitivities have been run

Selection of Uncertain Parameters

Investigate the effect on volumes by uncertain parameters in the following processes:

 Velocity model
 Isochore thickness
 Contacts - OWC
 Facies Model
o (Channel direction, Sand/shale ratio)
 Petrophysical model
o (Variogram azimuth, according to channel direction).
An Example or Changing a Variable

Double click on the Facies modelling

Enter a variable name, Example:

$Z1_SAND

You may want to use this for each of the zones and us the same idea for Petrophysical modelling and your
OWC.

If you now open up your workflow toolbox and select the Variable tab you will now see the different variables
you entered. You now have to decide on the parameters you want to use.

Viewing your
Results

To get a listing
of the results:
1. Select Results pane > Volumetrics folder settings > Report tab.
2. On the Cases tab, select properties of interest and the cases you would like to include. On the
Format tab, use Single Line format.
 3. Click the Make button to generate the report

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Histograms

First open up a Histogram Window

1. Choose the cases to view.

2. Choose the property to display from the Result pane.
Final Result of the Monte-Carlo run displayed in a histogram window.

Sensitivity
Several tasks are available, depending on what you wish to achieve or investigate.
For static model volumes, Sensitivity is typically run first to determine the relative influence of each parameter
and to sort out the most important parameters. An Uncertainty run is then performed, varying all parameters.

Sensitivity by process: Alters all variables within one process while keeping all other variables fixed. This is done for each
process.

Results: Number of cases = Number of samples (Runs) times Number of uncertain processes.

Sensitivity by variable: Alters all variables one-by-one while keeping other variables fixed (at Base case value).

Result: The number of runs equals the number of uncertain variables defined, multiplied by the number of samples defined.
Create a Sensitivity Plot
1. Run a Sensitivity run on a base case.
2. Right-click on the folder storing the results in the Cases pane and choose the Create sensitivity plot option
in the context menu.
3. Choose the desired parameter to view from the Results pane.

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. Result (Make sure you a Histogram
window is open