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Context
Part II (CEA/CETIM) : The « CAPME’UP » initative. Targeting NDT solutions for SMEs
• Motivation of the CAPME’UP project
• Development of
SIMULATION OF ULTRASONIC
INSPECTION
Ultrasonic models in
Simulation of radiated field : Simulation of echographic response :
Surface integral over the probe (« pencils » method) Reciprocity + scattering coefficients)
t = 44 µs
16 plies ~
Typical sound speeds for
1 λ (10 MHz) Quasi-longitudinal waves
• ~ 3000 m/s
perpendicular to fibers
Different scales :
plane
• carbon fibers : φ ~ 7 µm
• ~ 9000 m/s along fiber
• Plies : from 125 to 250 µm
direction
Depending on the complexity of the configuration (material + geometry) and the frequency of the
UT probe, different strategies may be carried out :
0°
Inputs: matrix + carbon fibers description (material properties)
Outputs: equivalent anisotropic material (UT NDT properties : elastic constants + attenuation)
obliquely incident
plane wave
A A
00°
c V(e1 ) d1
Cscan PhD S. Deydier
e
90°
V(e2 ) d2 D with
stacking d
sequence d
to be
45° V(e3 ) d3
e
homogenized V(e4 )
- 45°
d4
periodically repeated B B
stacking sequence
0 dB
(refce)
- 6 dB
Simulation
- 10 dB
Measure
-2 0
0
Good prediction of deviation/attenuation of the UT field through the composite parts
Aerodatings, October 1st, 2013. CEA/CETIM
HOMOGENEOUS APPROACHES
DYNAMIC PENCIL METHOD FOR PROPAGATION WITHIN A ANISOTROPIC CURVED PART
• Adaptation of the Ultrasonic models to take account of curved composites
(Application : stiffener, ribs, stringers …)
- CIVA UT model - Numerical (ACEL)
Depth 5 mm
Depth 15 mm
Depth 30 mm
UT beam inside
the curved part
1. Emission: semi-analytical
→ Input field at the FDTD box upper boundary
Semi-analytical path
2. FDTD propagation in the box
→ Output field at the FDTD box upper boundary
+ Field in FDTD box (propag. movie) Exchange surface
Unidirectional plies
Transmission of GW through a
stiffener
β
PhD L. Taupin, 2011
uy uy
uz uz
No backwall echo
backwall echo
(Demo on CEA-LIST booth)
http://www.capmeup.fr
H. Walaszek
sqr@cetim.fr 33344673682
henri.walaszek@cetim.fr
Page 20
traditional methods
(PT, MT, RT, US, ACFM…)
advanced methods
(phased array UT…)
guided waves
acoustic emission
visual inspection(VT GNV)
NDT modelisation, CIVA software
Active thermography
X ray computed tomography
GNV VT
development of NDT methods adapted to meet the need of
customer
Technological context
Application:
Testing of impact-damaged composite plates with three imaging
methods
Phased array Ultrasonics
ActiveThermal Infrared
X ray computed tomography
page 23
Incrément
de
balayage
UT PA Data
presentation presentation of acquisitions
A-scan presentation
C-scan presentation
Cscan
B-scan et D-scan presentation
Encoder
0 x
Cscan Bscan Dscan
Ascan
Dscan Ascan
Imaging zone
Bscan
Phased array
probe Impacted CFRP
composite plate
analysis
Application of phased array UT in
naval industry
Backwall
echo
Phased array applications in naval
industry
Naval applications
3 D ultrasonic imaging
Needs adressed:
NDT of wide composite structures
Alternative to immersion technique
Prototype parts, limited series..
Applications on wide structures
3 D imaging
NDT of a double curvature pannel
Pastilles
Délaminage
Scotchs
Zoom on a delamination
1,3
1m m
Global vue
Page 31
High sensivity
Optimization of settings versus inspected zone
A phased array transducer reduces the number of probes needed
Reduce of time for inspection
replacement of mechanical scanning by electronic scanning
Easier data analysis
Comparison with CAD files, simulation
Page 32
Examples of
heat excitation
Active thermal infrared
sources
Halogen
lamp
Flash
lamps
Ultrasonic
Source waves
Page 33
Marine application
t=
2,0s
t=
10,0s
Testing of a boat hull
Lack of resin penetration t=
(Excitation duration 20s) 30,0s
Page 34
15J impact on
opposite side/camera
Flash excitation on
camera side
Phase diagram
Page 35
Principles
X-Ray Computed Tomography
Computed Tomography
Representation of an object with reconstructed slices from deported
measurement achieved outside of the object
Reconstruction 3D
X-Ray Images of transversal
Real Object Reconstruction
around 360° slices of the object
Page 37
Equipment
characteristics
Computed tomography
Courtesy of
VJ Technologies
Energy max 180 keV 240 keV 150 to 600 keV 1 to 15 MeV 160 keV
Resolution 0,5 to 10µm 1 to 50µm 0,1 to 0,5mm 0,5 to 1mm 0,1 to 0,5mm
0,8 – 1,5
Cost 250 – 500 k€ 250 – 500 k€ 250 – 800 M€ 1 – 3M€
M€*
Page 38
Composite pipe
3D View
Axial slice
Sagittal slice
Page 39
Computed Tomography
composite plates
composite plates
In aircraft industry
Impact test is often used for structural composite parts
dimensioning
– Impact test trials on standardized parts
Source :
(Servais, 2007)
Testing of impact-damaged Page 42
composite plates
In aircraft industry
Many structural composite parts are dimensioned through impact
tests
– Impact tests trials on standardized parts
150mm
Unidirectionals plies oriented 0°,+/- 45°
or 90°
Impact machine
available in CETIM
Testing of impact-damaged Page 43
NDT means
composite plates
used
Flash location
Sample for front side
under test excitation
Flash location
for back side
excitation Thermal
camera
20cm 50cm
Sizing of indications
Phased
array
ultrasonics
Back wall
echo
recording Active thermal
infrared
Active thermal
-Phase
infrared
0,16Hz Back
side flash
- Phase
excitation after
0,16Hz Back
threesholding
side flash
excitation-
Testing of impact-damaged Page 45
Sizing of indications
Active thermal
Active thermal
infrared
infrared
-Phase 0,16Hz
- Phase 0,16Hz
Back side flash
Back side flash
excitation after
excitation-
threesholding
-
Comparison of Testing of impact-damaged Page 46
Indication sizing
LX LY LX
LY
Dimension (mm (mm (mm
(mm)
) ) )
Phased array
26,0 18,0 44,0 37,5
Ultrasonics
NDT
Active thermal
method 19,5 16,4 41,2 40,0
infrared
used
Computed
- - 46,0 47,0
tomography
Testing of impact-damaged Page 47
30J
composite plates
Sample test
X ray computed
tomography
Impacted side Opposite side /impact
Active thermal
infrared*
*- phase at different frequencies ,
front face flash
Testing of impact-damaged Page 48
Impact
Plan XZ
Impact
Page 49