nama Tumbuhan Abiotic stress efek referense

TiO2 Glycine max L Cd Increased uptake of Cd, Influence of nano-

restricted Cd toxicity, TiO2 particles on the
bioaccumulation of
increased Chl and relative
Cd in soybean plants
water content, (Glycine max): A
photosynthetic rate and possible mechanism
growth parameters, for the removal of Cd
decreased lipid from the
peroxidation and proline contaminated soil
content
ZnO Glycine max Drought Increased germination Effect of nano zinc
percentage and oxide on the
germination rate, germination of
decrease in seed soybean seeds
under drought stress
residual fresh and dry
weight
AlO3 Glycine max Flooding Regulation of energy Proteomic analysis
metabolism and cell of flooded soybean
death, improved growth root exposed to
aluminum oxide
nanoparticles
ag Glycine max Flooding Reduced generation of Proteomic study
cytotoxic by-products of on the effects of
glycolysis, increased the silver
abundance of stress- nanoparticles on
related proteins, soybean under
enhanced seedling flooding stress
growth

The specific quality of NMs which make these tiny entities unique, is their size which ranges between 1
and 100 nm (1 nm ¼ 109 m). Smaller size of NMs helps them to penetrate specific cellular locations and
their additional surface area facilitates more adsorption and targeted delivery of substances. Engineered
NMs have revolutionized almost every field of science and of course, plant science could not remain
unaffected. . Fertilizers are integral part of agriculture that assist growth and development of plants.
However, recently employed nano-fertilizers have been proved more efficient alternatives to regular
fertilizers. Smaller size of nanoparticles (NPs) provides additional surface area which enhances the
availability and facilitates more absorption of fertilizers by the plants and thus reduces losses of fertilizers
due to leaching, emissions, and long-term incorporation by soil microorganisms.

In addition to their role in plant growth and development, NPs play significant role in the protection of
plants against various abiotic stresses. Plants growing under natural environmental conditions are
constantly exposed to a combination of biotic and abiotic stresses. As far as abiotic stresses are
concerned, drought salinity, water logging, heat, cold, metal, UV radiation etc. are some common
stresses which plants face at some or the other stages of their life cycle. Several studies show that NMs
play vital role in alleviating abiotic stresses and stress-induced alterations in plants
Peran peran nanomaterial

1. Corp production

t o increase the growth of p lant and control disease, huge amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticide
are being used. Nanomaterials like TiO 2 , multi walled carbon nanotubes and ZnO are reported to be
increased crop growth and quality of crop. It is also found that some nanomaterials could absorb water
and nutrient more than their bulk size, it helps to enhance vigor of root system and breakdown activity
of organic substance. Nano fertilizers are more environmental friendly and more effective with little
amounts. Milani et al. ( 2012) compared solubility and dissolution kinetics of nano and bulk ZnO coated
monoammonium phosphate and urea fertilizers. They found that coated monoammonium phosphate
granules with nano ZnO showed slow release of Zn and more solubility in sand columns and help to
improve Zn use efficiency of plant.

2. Corp protection

The metal oxide nanomaterials like ZnO, TiO 2 , Cu and SiO 2 are increasing their presence in pesticide
and fungicide to protect plant from bacterial disease and control microbial activity. ZnO nanoparticle
inhibit the growth of human pathogen like Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and plant pathogen
like Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and Botrytis cinerea by its antifungal and antibacterial
activity, affecting the cellular function of fungi. Nanoparticles inhibit the development of conidiophores
and conidia also called mitospores of fungi which causes the death of fungus hyphae. Hyphae is the main
root of vegetative growth of fungi.

3. Detection

Nanosensors are powerful tools to detect nutrient defi ciency, toxicity, disease of plants and animals,
also control health of plant, food quality and safety. It helps to improve agriculture production with
increasing effi ciency of input such as minimum loss of input like irrigation, fertilizer and pesticide. ireless
nanosensors give the precise time based information including pesticide detection in food material and
environment, quality control, and environmental condition. Salicylic acid is a phenolic phytohormone
present in plant, help to improve plant growth, photosynthesis and transpiration. It is an important part
of plant and sensitively need to detect level of salicylic acid in plant.

KESIMPULAN

Nanotechnology is in its beginning face and it provides enormous possibility to transform the way of
agriculture and lure the microbiologists and other researchers to contribute to food safety with
innovative green chemistry approaches. Nanotechnology can facilitate additional advantage in food
processing, distribution and packaging and functional food, but it couldn't make its presence in large
scale agricultural production. Academics and industrial patents are rapidly increasing in agro-chemical
sector but the end products from this technology have not hit the market so far. t is clear that
nanotechnology has potential to increase production of agriculture, but there is very limited
knowledge about its long term adverse effect on soil, plants and ultimately on human. The positive
benefi t of nanoparticles should be selected on the basis of their risk related to environment and
human. An intelligent use of nanotechnology may help to achieve food security with the qualitative
and sustainable environment.