UTTARAKHAND TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

PROJECT SYNOPSIS
ON
AGRI BOT
(PADDY TRANSPLANTING MACHINE)
SUBMITTED TO:-
QUANTUM SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY

GROUP MEMBER:
Kishan Kumar Shah
Chakra Dhami
Kushagra Roy PROJECT GUIDE:-
Sachin Ranjan RAJNEESH RAGHAV SIR
Manishit Saha (Assitant Prof. M.E. Department)
 ABSTRACT
 Rice production in India is an important part of the national
economy.
 India is one of the world's largest producers of white rice and
brown rice, accounting for 20% of all world rice production.
 Rice is India's pre-eminent crop, and is the staple food of the
people of the eastern and southern parts of the country.

The most important factors that influence the performance are:

 soil moisture content
 system of raising seedlings in nursery
 degree of land leveling
 finally the size of planting claw

1
 INTRODUCTION
 India is predominantly an agricultural country with rice as one of
its main food crop.
 Its produces about 80 million tons rice annually, which is about
22% of the world rice production.
 Culturally, transplanting of young seedlings is preferred over
direct seeding for better yield and better crop management
practices.
 But this operation requires large amount of manpower (about 400
man-hour/ha) and task is very laborious involving working in a
stooping posture and moving in muddy field.
 Hence, this is considered as an activity that needs mechanization.

2
 OBJECTIVES
 To design a mechanism for transplanting paddy seedlings.
 To test the performance of the transplanting mechanism.
 To arrive at Desirable Characteristics of the Paddy Seedlings
Transplanting Mechanism.

 To design an economical & efficient paddy seedlings transplanting

mechanism for small scale farmers.

3
 Paddy Transplanting Machine
A paddy transplanter is a specialized is a machine fitted with a
transplanter mechanism (usually having some form of reciprocating
motion) driven by the power from the live axle, in order to the
transplant rice seedlings onto paddy field.

The importance of this project is to design a paddy transplanting

mechanism to transplant paddy seedlings for small scale farmers in the
country. Mechanical transplanting of paddy seedlings is a solution to the
prevailing situation in India to release the work force and to reduce the
cost of paddy production. Farmers are aware of the advantages
associated with transplanting of paddy over the broadcasting. But they
are unable to practice it for high scarcity of labour. Still the transplanting
machines available for the country are imported. Engine driven
transplanters are high in cost. Existing manually operated transplanters
are inefficient. The main reason for the poor acceptance was the low
capacity of the machine.

The mechanical rice transplanter is fitted with a tin/aluminium based

tray on which mat type nurseries are placed during the operation.
Multiple pickup forks that pick up a seedling from mat type nursery on
the seedling tray and put the seedling into the earth, as if the seedling
were taken between human fingers.
Machine transplanting using rice transplanters requires considerably
less time and labor than manual transplanting

4
Rough Sketch

5
 Methodology

 The seedlings are to be picked up from a tray which is provided

with slots to facilitate an uninterrupted movement of the
fingers.
 During the downward travel, the fingers pick up the seedlings,
carry these to the soil and plant at a desired depth at a nearly
upright position.
 During the return motion the fingers are required to move
without interfering with the seedlings that are planted as well
as arranged in the tray. Thus, the path of forward travel and
the path of return travel shall be different.
 The finger must not interfere with other members of the
machine during its motion.
 Panting cycle are continuous as the machine moves with a
constant forward speed of travel.

6
 Advantages

• Efficient use of resources by saving on labour, cost saving, water

saving.
• Timely transplanting of seedlings of optimal age.
• Ensures uniform spacing and optimum plant density with 2-3
seedlings/hills).
• Higher productivity compared to traditional methods.
• Less transplanting shock, early vigor of seedling, better tillering
and uniform maturity of crop that facilitates timely harvest and
reduces harvest losses.
• Less incidence of disease in seedlings due to less root injury.
• Improving soil health through eliminating puddling.
• Generates employment and alternate sources of income for rural
youth through custom services on nursery raising and mechanical
transplanting

7
 Limitations:

• Transplanting is tedious and time-consuming (up to 30 man days/ha)

• Planting laborers can suffer from back problems (health risk)

• Difficult to get enough labor at peak periods to plant on time

• Difficult to maintain optimum spacing and uniform plant density,

especially with random transplanting and contract labor

• Low plant density with contract transplanting on area basis lowers

yields

• Possible Risk that in rain fed areas seedlings (especially of modern

varieties) may get too old before rain falls and the field is ready to be
planted

8
 COMPONENTS OF PADDY
TRANSPLANTER
The self-propelled mechanical rice transplanter has two
detachable parts i.e. front and rear portions.
 The front portion has :-
o Diesel/petrol engine range of 4-8 HP depending on
the make
o Gear box
o Lever for adjusting hill spacing
o Propeller shaft
o Toothed iron wheel for field operation and two sheets
for helpers while feeding nursery.

 The rear portion has :-

o Floating board
o Nursery platform
o Transplanting fingers with screws for adjusting
plants/hill
o Depth setting lever
o Linkage for height adjustment of float board.

9
 CATEGORISATION OF PADDY
TRANSPLANTERS
Transplanters classification based on two parameters:
1. Type of nursery requirements.
2. Nature of prime mover.

On the basis of Nursery

1) Washed seedling transplanter
2) Mat-type seedling transplanter

I) Washed seedlings:
• Use washed roots seedling on mat that has four to six leaves
appearance about 20 to 30 cm long washed at time of
transplanting.
• In some instances overgrown roots are pruned to facilitate
easier transplanting operation requiring about 175 people per
hour per hectare.

II) Mat-type:
• The seedlings are nursed on a mixed soil sample with a known
quantity of nutrients additives fallowed by sprinkling a pre-
germinated seeds on the soil of thickness 1.5-2.0 cm and allowed
to grow for a period in between 20-25 days in the nursery before
uprooting to permanent field.
• The method is preferred because it requires less labor about 50
workers in an hour per days’ work

10
On the basis of prime mover requirements:-

• Manual transplanter
• Self-propelled transplanter
1)MANUAL TRANSPLANTER :-

Fig: Hand cranked rice transplanter

2) SELF PROPELLED TRANSPLANTER

Fig. Self-propelled type rice transplanter

11
 COMPARISION
S.No. Parameter Manual Mechanical
Transplanter Transplanter
1 Labour High Low
requirement
2 Risk of labour High as requirement Low as there is
on field of labour on field is requirement of only
more than two or three labour
mechanical on field
transplanter
3 Wages of Wages requirement As requirement of
labours of the labour is high labour is low then
(in session one total wages for them
labour take Rs.300 are also lower
to Rs.400 per day)
4 Spacing In manual The transplanter is
between plants transplanting total work on pulling power
transplanting is only and the power
done by human and transmitted from
hence there is not wheel itself hence
proper spacing spacing is properly
between two plants maintain in between
two plants
5 Time 85 to 95 hours 60 to 65 hours
requirement for required by required with only
transplanting providing 10 to 15 2 or 3 labours
labours

12
 RESULT:
• Recent surveys conducted revealed that the machine
transplanting works better in no-till/unpuddled
conditions compared to puddled conditions.

• This suggests that transplanting machine requires

distinct soil characteristics that prevent the
sedimentation of soil.

• Under puddled conditions, soil cannot make a strong

grip on the seedlings. Even excess water (more than
1 cm) coming from top at the time of transplanting
will loosen the soil grip on the seedlings.

• Thus it performs very well under no-till conditions

but not under puddled conditions. In a way
unpuddled or zero till reduces the risk of empty
spaces which is common in puddle fields due to less
anchoring of seedlings.

13
 Conclusions:
1. Rice paddy transplanter is highly recommended for the local
farmers though beforehand the farmers need to be educated
regarding its proper use since mechanized transplanter requires
mat type nursery.
2. Since the farm land is of the average size in the area thus a
mechanized paddy transplanter would highly aid in the rice
transplantation.
3. It would also decrease the high dependence of farmers upon
labour for transplantation. The transplanter machine can be
easily coupled to a weed remover mechanism which could
further help farmers in the weeding process of paddy
plantation.
4. It would be more efficient compared to existing paddy
seedling transplanter with all perspectives.
5. Lower stress, drudgery and health risks for farm labourers.
6. Addresses the problem of labour scarcity.
7. Increases farmers' net income.

14
 Scope for future work
1. Enhancement with motor
The machinery we made takes the feed from the base
wheel which is driven by or pulled by a human manually.
The work done by a human to pull this machine can be
further more decreased by placing a motor to the base
wheel so that the feed is taken automatically from the
motor to the base wheel.

2. Rice Harvester
The machinery’s purpose is to plant the paddy saplings.
After planting the plants grow and the plants need to be
cut down to take the crop. For this there are some
machines called rice harvesters whose purpose is to cut
the grown crop. This same mechanism can be attached at
the bottom with some improvements being done.

3. Enhancement with More Plant Catching Mechanism

The machine we used is of just two floaters provided on
the third shaft. The number of the floaters can be
increased further more to develop the number of plants
planted per a revolution. As of now we were just able to
plant two plants per cycle. This can be improved by
increasing the length of the third shaft and increasing the
number of floaters.

15
PHOTOS WHILE DESIGNING

16
PHOTOS WHILE MANUFACTURING

17
18
 References

Thomas E V. Development of a mechanism for

transplanting rice seedlings.
 Mechanism and machine Theory .
 Kepner R. A.; Bainer Roy; Barger E.L. Principles of
farm machinery.
Google , Wikipedia.

19