168

UNIT - II : NON-VERBAL REASONING

CHAPTER

1
Pattern Perception
OR
Completion of figures

In this section, an incomplete figure is given, in Example 2. Select from alternatives the figure (X)
which only a quarter is missing. We have to choose that exactly fits in the main figure to complete its
the segment, given in choices, that exactly fits into original pattern.
the blank portion of figure so that the main figure is
completed.
Note : If you observe carefully, you notice that the
missing portion may be the mirror image of any one
?
of the quarters.

Example 1. Select from alternatives the figure (X)

that exactly fits in the main figure to complete its
original pattern. (X)

(a) (b)

?
(X) (c) (d)

Solution.
(a) (b)
(c) Here, if you see carefully, you observe that the
missing portion will be the mirror image of
quarter I or III. Hence, option (c) completes the
(c) (d)
given figure.
Solution :
(b) In this question, half shaded leaf is moved
clockwise. So, option (b) is right one.
 169
Example 3. Select from alternatives the figure (X) Solution.
that exactly fits in the main figure to complete its (d) Only option (d) is right one. (It is the mirror
original pattern. image of each quarter).

(X)
Example 5. Select from alternatives the figure (X)
that exactly fits in the main figure to complete its
(a) (b) original pattern.

(c) (d)

Solution.
(d) Here, missing portion will be the mirror image
of quarter I. (X)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Solution.
Example 4. Select from alternatives the figure (X)
that exactly fits in the main figure to complete its
original pattern.

(a)

?
(X)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
170

EXERCISE

DIRECTION : In each of the following questions, a

part of the figure is missing. Find out from the 4.
given options (a, b, c and d) the right figure to fit
in the missing place. ?
1.

?
(a) (b)

(a) (b)
(c) (d)

5.
(c) (d)

2.
?

(a) (b)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
(c) (d)
6.
3.

(a) (b)
(a) (b)

(c) (d) (c) (d)

 171

7. 10.

(a) (b) (a) (b)

(c) (d) (c) (d)

8. 11.

(a) (b) (a) (b)

(c) (d) (c) (d)

9. 12.

(a) (b) (a) (b)

(c) (c) (c) (d)

172

13. 16.

(a) (b) (a) (b)

(c) (d) (c) (d)

14. 17.

(a) (b) (a) (b)

(c) (d) (c) (d)

15. 18.

(a) (b) (a) (b)

(c) (d) (c) (d)

 173

19. 22.

(a) (b) (a) (b)

(c) (d) (c) (d)

20. 23.

(a) (b) (a) (b)

(c) (d)
(c) (d)

21.
24.
?

(a) (b)
(a) (b)

(c) (d)
(c) (d)
174

25. 28.

(a) (b)
(a) (b)

(c) (d)
(c) (d)

29.
26.

?
?

(a) (b) (a) (b)

(c) (d) (c) (d)

27. 30.
?

(a) (b)
(a) (b)

(c) (d)
(c) (d)
 175

SOLUTIONS

1. (a) 7. (d)

2. (a) 8. (c)

3. (a)

9. (a)

4. (a) 10. (d)

5. (c) 11. (c)

12. (a)
6. (c)
176

13. (b) 19. (d)

14. (d) 20. (d)

21. (a)
15. (b)

22. (c)
16. (c)

23. (a)
17. (c)

24. (a)
18. (b)
 177

25. (c) 28. (c)

26. (c) 29. (d)

27. (d)
30. (c)
178
UNIT - II : NON-VERBAL REASONING
CHAPTER

2
FIGURE FORMATION
&
ANALYSIS

In this topic, a question is one of the following Solution :

types : (d) If figures A, B and E are fitted together,
the resultant figure will be a triangle.
I. Formation of triangles/square/rectangle etc.
either by joining of three figures after choosing
them from the given five figures or by joining
any other pieces after selecting them from B
given alternatives. A E
II. Making up a figure from given components.
Example 2 : A set of five figures (A), (B), (C), (D)
III. Making up a three dimensional figure by paper
and (E) are followed by four combination as the
folding. alternatives. Select the alternative which represents
IV. Rearrangement of the parts of given figure. the combination of figures which if fitted together,
V. Fragmentation of key figure into simple pieces. will form a complete square.
TYPE-I : Formation of triangles/square/rectangle
etc. either by joining of three figures after choosing
them from the given five figures or by joining any
other pieces after selecting them from given (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
alternatives.
(a) ABC (b) ACD
Example 1 : A set of five figures (A), (B), (C), (D) (c) ACE (d) CDE
and (E) are followed by four combinations as the Solution :
alternatives. Select the alternative which represents (c) Since we have to construct a square,
the combination of figures which if fitted together, therefore, first select a piece which
will form a complete triangle. contains a right angle between two
adjacent edges. Then try to fit another
piece in its hollow spaces. If it doesn’t fit
then select another piece. Repeat this
procedure with different pieces. Similarly
find the third piece to get a completed
square.
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) C
(a) BCD (b) ABD E
A
(c) CDE (d) ABE

TYPE-II : Makin g up a figure from given
components
Example 3 : Find out which of the alternatives (a),
(b), (c) and (d) can be formed from the pieces given
in box ‘X’.
179
TYPE-III : Making up a three dimensional figure by
paper folding.
In this type, we have to analyze when a paper folded
along the lines, how a three dimensional figure look
like. Sometimes, a key figure is given which is made
by folding one of the four figures given in
alternatives. We have to determine which figure can
be used to create the key figure.

Example 5 : A figure ‘X’ is given. You have to

choose the correct figure, given in the alternatives,
when folded along the lines, will produce the given
(X) figure ‘X’.

(X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Solution :

(b)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Solution :
Example 4 : Find out which of the alternatives (a),
(a)
(b), (c) and (d) can be formed from the pieces given
in box ‘X’. TYPE-IV : Rearrangement of the parts of given figure.
In this type of questions, a key figure is given. We
have to identify the figure from alternatives that is
a rearrangement of parts of key figure.

Example 6 : Which figure is the rearrangement of

the parts of the given figure.
(X)

(X)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Solution :

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(b)
Solution :
(a)
180
TYPE-V : Fragmentation of key figure into simple Example 8 : In the following question a key figure
pieces. is given. Each alternatives contains various pieces.
This type is opposite to TYPE-II. In this type, a key Find out which of the alternatives will exactly made
figure is given and every alternatives has different up the key figure.
pieces. We have to select the set of pieces that can
make the given key figure.

Example 7 : Find out which of the alternatives will

exactly make up the key figure (X) (X)

(X) (a) (b) (c) (d)

Solution :

(a)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Solution :
(a)
 181

EXERCISE

TYPE-I. 6.
DIRECTION FOR (Q 1 to 3) : In each of following
questions select that combination of parts (A), (B), (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
(C), (D) and (E) which if fitted together will form (a) ABC (b) BCD
an equilateral triangle. (c) ACD (d) CDE

1. 7.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
(a) ABD (b) BCD
(a) ABC (b) BCD (c) BDE (d) ADE
(c) ABD (d) ABE
8.
2.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
(a) ABC (b) ACE (a) ABC (b) BCE
(c) BCD (d) BDE (c) BDE (d) ADE

In questions 9 to 10, a key figure (X) is given

3. followed by four alternative figures. You will have to
select one figure from the alternatives which fits
(A) (B) (E) exactly into key figure (X) to form a perfect square.
(C)
(D)
9.
(a) ABE (b) BCE
(c) ADE (d) BDE
DIRECTION FOR (Q 4 to 8) : In each of following
questions, select that combination of parts (A), (B),
(C), (D) and (E) which if fitted together will form
a square. (X)

4.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

(a) ABD (b) BCE (a) (b) (c)
(c) ACD (d) BDE

5.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

(a) ACD (b) ABD (d)
(c) BCD (d) CDE
182

10. TYPE-II

DIRECTION FOR (Q 13 to 16) : In each of following

questions 13 to 16, find out which of the figures
(a), (b), (c) and (d) can be formed from the pieces
given in (X).
13.
(X)

(X)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

11. In this question a key figure (X) is given (a) (b) (c) (d)
followed by five alternative figures. You will have to
14.
select one figure from the alternatives which fits
exactly into key figure (X) to form a rectangle.
11.

(X)
(X)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

15.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12. In question 12, a key figure is given followed
by four alternative figures. You will have to
select one figure from the alternatives which (X)
fits exactly into key figure (X) to form a complete
circle.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

16.

(X)

(X)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)
 183

TYPE-III TYPE IV
DIRECTION FOR (Q 17 & 18) : In the following 20. In each of the following questions 21 to 23,
questions how does the figure look when folded which figure is the rearrangement of the parts
into a cube along the marked line? of key figure X.
17.

(X) (X)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(a) 1 and 3 (b) 3 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
18. (a) (b)

(X)

(c) (d)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 4 21.
19. In this question, which of the following figures
(a), (b), (c), (d) when folded along the lines,
will produce the given figure ‘X’.

(X)

(X)

(a) (b)

(a) (b)

(c) (d) (c) (d)

184

22. 25.

(X) (X)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b)
TYPE V

DIRECTION FOR (Q 24 & 26) :In each of the

following questons 24 to 26, select the option that
can make up the key figure (X)
23.

(c) (d)

(X)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

24.

(X)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

 185

SOLUTIONS

B
B
1. (b) 8. (c) D
C E
D
9. (c)
10. (b)
2. (d) E
B D
11. (c)

D
3. (c) E
A
12. (b)

E
4. (b) 13. (b)
C B 14. (c)
15. (c)
16. (a)
D
17. (b)
5. (a) A 18. (a)
C
19. (a)
20. (c)
21. (a)
C D
6. (d) 22. (d)
E 23. (c)
24. (d)
B 25. (c)
7. (b)
C D
186
UNIT - II : NON-VERBAL REASONING
CHAPTER

3 PAPER CUTTING

In this section, a sheet of paper is folded in given Example 2 :

manner and cuts are made on it. A cut may be of
verying designs. We have to analyze how this sheet
of paper will look when paper is unfolded.
Note that when a cut is made on folded paper, the
A B C
designs of the cut will appear on each fold.
In each of following examples, figures A and B show
a sequence of folding a square sheet. Figure C shows
the manner in which folded paper has been cut. You
have to select the appropriate figure from alternatives (a) (b)
which would appear when sheet is opened.

Example 1 :
(c) (d)
Solution :

( A) (B) (C ) (b) Unfolded Step I

Step II
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Since a quarter circle is made on folded
paper. Therefore, when the paper is
Solution : opened, a complete circle will appear on
(a) Step I - When sheet C is unfoled once, it paper.
will appear as follows Example 3 :

( A) (B) (C)
Step II -

Clearly, the circle will appear in each of

the triangular quarters of the paper. (a) (b) (c) (d)
 187
Solution :
(d) Here, a circular cut is made on the quarter
circle. Hence, this sheet, when completely
unfolded, will contain small circle on each (c) (d)
quarter and will appear as option (d). Solution :
Example 4 : (d) We unfold the paper step by step as
follows
Step I
(A) (B) (C)
Step II

Step III
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Solution : So, option (d) is right one.
(a) When sheet (c) is unfolded once, it will Example 7 :
appear as shown below :

This sheet, when completely unfolded will

appear as option (a). ( A) (B) (C)
Example 5 :

(A) (B) (C) (a) (b) (c) (d)

Solution :
(d) We unfold the paper step by step as
follows:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Solution :
(a) When sheet C is unfolded once, it will
appear as shown below Step I

This sheet, when completely unfolded will Step II

appear as option (a).
Example 6 :

P (A) (B) (C)

(a) (b)
 EXERCISE

Direction : If a square sheet of paper is folded two

times from the centre and cuts are made as shown 4.
in the problem figure how will it appear when it is
opened ? Select the appropriate figure from the
answer choices marked (a), (b), (c) and (d).
(P) (A) (B) (C)

(X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1. 5.

(a) (b) (c) (d) ( A) (B) (C)

2.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

6.
(X)

( A) (B) (C)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

3. (a) (b) (c) (d)

7.

(X) (A) (B) (C)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d) 7.
Direction : In each of the following questions a set
of three figures A, B and C showing a sequence of
folding of a piece of paper. Fig. (C) shows the
manner in which the folded paper has been cut.
These three figures are followed by four answer
figures from which you have to choose a figure
which would most closely resemble the unfolded
form of fig. (C). (a) (b) (c) (d)
8. 13.

(A) (B) (C)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)

9. 14.

(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)

15.
10.

(A) (B) (C)

(A) (B) (C)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)

11. 16. B

(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

B B B
B B B B B

B B B
B B B B B
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
17.
12.

(P) (A) (B) (C)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)

190

18. 22.

P X Y Z
(A) (B) (C)

(a) (b)
(a) (b) (c) (d)

19. (c) (d)

(A) (B) (C)

23.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
X Y Z

20.
(a) (b)
(A) (B) (C)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(c) (d)
24.

21. X Y Z

(A) (B) (C) (a) (b)

(c) (d)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 191
Direction : In the following questions, a square 28.
sheet of paper is folded along the dotted lines and
then cuts are made on it. How would the sheet look
when opened? Select the correct figure from the
given choices.
25.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

29.
(cut)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

26.

(a) ( b) (c ) (d)
30. A square paper is folded in a particular manner
and a punch is made. When unfolded, the
paper appears as given below :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
27.

Choose the manner in which the paper is folded

and punch is made.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)
SOLUTIONS
1. (b) We unfold the paper step by step as
follows
2. (b) Unfolded 5. (c) Unfoled step I

step I - Step -II

step II
3. (a)
6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (c)
4. (b) Unfolded step I - 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (b)
14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (d) 17. (a)
18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (c) 21. (d)
22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (b) 25. (c)
step II - 26. (d) 27. (d) 28. (c) 29. (a)
30. (a)

step III -
192
UNIT - II : NON-VERBAL REASONING
CHAPTER

4 FIGURE MATRIX

In this type of questions, a matrix is given containing

certain sections. Each of its sections contains a
different figure. The arrangement of figures follows (a) (b)
some specific rule. Only one figure of any section is
missing. We are required to analyse the arrangement
of figures and find out the common rule. On the (c) (d)
basis of this common rule, we find the missing figure
of matrix. Solution :
(a) The second figure in each row is a
Example 1 :Find out which of the answer figures
(a), (b) (c) and (d) completes figure matrix ? complete one obtained by arranging the
parts of the first figure.

Example 3 :

(a) (b)
(c) (d) ?
Solution :
(b) The number of squares follow the pattern
+1 in first row, + 2 in second row and +
3 in third row.
(a) (b)
Example 2 :

(c) (d)
?
Solution :
(a) Each row of the matrix contains one circle
with two bars, one with three bars and
one circle with four bars.
 193
Example 4 : Example 5 :

? ?

(a) (b) (a) (b)

(c) (d) (c) (d)

Solution :
(d) The second and third rows are cut from
the figure directly above them in the first
row.
Solution :
(b) As we move from the first to the second
figure in a row, the figure gets intersected
by two mutually perpendicular lines. In
the next step, dots appear at the ends of
these lines and the lines disappear to give
the third figure.
194

EXERCISE

Direction : In each of the following questions, select

the answer figure that will fit in the blank space in 4.
the question figure, maintaining the pattern in the
proper sequence.

1
?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

5.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

2.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d) 6.

3.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)
 195

7. 10.

? ?

(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)

11. Which of the tiles A to H will fit logically into
the missing space?
8.

? ?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)
12.

9.

?
?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)
196
16.

13.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

17.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

14.

? ?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)
18.

15.

?
?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)
 197
19. 22.

? ?

(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)

20.

23.

?
?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

21. Which of the tiles A to H will fit logically into 24.
the missing space?

MT LI N

IV T I
?

F I ?

F H V K

(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)

198
25. 27.

?
?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

26. (a) (b) (c) (d)
28.

?
?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

SOLUTIONS
1. (b) Any section of a particular row contains
similar symbol and each row of matrix
contains three different symbol in three
sections.
2. (c) In each row, the hour hand moves
backward regularly. The minute hand
moves to where the hour hand was in the
earlier figure.
3. (d) The figures explode, although the cross-
bars stretch.
4. (d) Looking across and down, only circles
common to both the first and second
squares are carried forward to the third
square.
5. (c) The cross and the circles rotate
anticlockwise. The inner dot and circle
rotate at each corner clockwise.
6. (b) The ball rotates counter clockwise, the
outer circle rotates clockwise.
7. (b) For column 3 of each row, add column 1
to column 2, and disappear similar
symbols.
8. (c) For column 3 of each row, add column 1
to column 2, and disappear similar
symbols.
9. (c) The shading is moving progressively
towards the centre.
10. (c) The background shading increases from
left to right. The ball stays in the same
position, but shading is added.
11. (c) Column 2 is added to column 1 to produce
column 3.
12. (c) Column 1 is added to column 2 to produce
column 3, but where lines or curves in
column 1 and 2 coincide, they are deleted
in column 3.
13. (d) Column 1 is added to column 2 to produce
column 3 but black dots are deleted.
14. (a) Each row has one shaded circle, one black
circle, one lined circle, one lined square,
one shaded square and one blank square.
15. (b) The lower line reduces towards the right,
the crosses on the top grow in the number
as they move down.
16. (d) Each horizontal and vertical line of squares
contains a black, a white and a striped
section. The arrows point left, right and
up in each line of squares.
199
17. (d) Column 1 and column 2 add to produce
column 3, but where lines or curves in
column 1 and column 2 coincide, they are
deleted in column3.
18. (c) Looking across, any lines common in the
first two squares disappear in the third
square. Looking down, only lines common
to the first two squares are carried forward
to the third square.
19. (c) Column 1 and column 2 add to produce
column 3.
20. (c) Column 1 and column 2 add to produce
column 3.
21. (c) Each letter in the boxes is made up of
straight lines. Each straight line scores 1
point. Column 2 is taken away from
Column 1 to give Column 3, and similarly
for the Rows. Thus
6–3=3
3–2=1
3–1=2
22. (a) Column 1 and column 2 add to produce
column 3.
23. (d) Each row and column contains four white
stars and five black stars.
24. (b) In each row, outer circles are in three
shades white, black, striped. and inner
circles are also in three shades -white,
black and striped.
25. (a) Each component pointing right, left and
upwards.
26. (a) The arms with the small black circle and
the arrowed both advance 180° each time;
the arm with the small white circle advance
90° and that with the cross bar advance
135°, each time.
27. (a) The middle segment of the central column
is taken out, turned around and put into
the right column.
28. (a) Column 1 and column 2 add to produce
column 3, but where lines or curves in
column 1 and column 2 coincide, they are
deleted in column 3.
200
UNIT - II : NON-VERBAL REASONING
CHAPTER

5 RULE DETECTION

In this type of questions, a particular rule is given. 1. Rule : Closed figures gradually become open,
Also, different sets of figures are given as and open figures gradually become closed.
alternatives. We are required to select the set of
figures from given alternatives that follows the given
rule.
Example 1 : Choose the set of figures which follows (a)
the given rule –

Rule : The complex figure gets simpler as one from

(b)
left to right.

(a) (c)

(b)
(d)

(c)

(d) 2. Rule : The simple figures become more complex

along a row.

Solution :
(c) (a)

(b)
EXERCISE

(c)
DIRECTIONS : Each of the following questions
contains four rows of figures, as four alternatives .
Each row contains four or five different designs. You (d)
have to study carefully each row and judge which
series of figures follows the stated rule exactly.
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3. Rule : The number of sides decreases in closed 6. Rule : Sectors get converted to triangles one by
figures and the number of sides increases in one
open figures.
(a)
(a)

(b) (b)

(c)
(c)
(d)

(d)
4. Rule : Closed figure becomes more and more
open. 7. Rule : Any figure can be traced by a single
unbroken line without retracing.

(a) (a)

(b) (b)

(c)
(c)

(d)
(d)
8. In each of the following rows, five figures are
given. One of the four rows contains design that
5. Rule : The series becomes complex as it follow a certain pattern which is not followed in
proceeds. figures of other rows. Choose the row containing
these figures.

(a) (a)

(b)

(b) (c)

(d)
(c)

SOLUTIONS
(d) 1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a)
5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (d)