Malnutrition happens when the intake of essential macronutrients and macronutrients doesn’t cover, or

exceed, the body’s requirements for proper functioning. It is then a blanket term for under-nutrition,
over nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. The bulk of the efforts towards battling malnutrition are
focused on under-nutrition as roughly 795 million people (or 1in 9) are undernourished and about 98%
of those 795 million live in developing countries (U, N 2014). Under nutrition accounts for the stunting
of 30 out of every 100 children in developing countries, as well as aiding in 35% of deaths caused by
measles, pneumonia and other illness in the same countries. This takes a massive toll on the population,
as children who experience under malnutrition who early in rises life are at a disadvantages they most
likely will not recover from, which leads to loss of millions of potentially bright futures and the
perpetuation of poverty. On the other hand, obesity (which is the most well-known face of over
nutrition) is becoming a pandemic. In 2013 42 million of adult aged 18 and older were obese. This is
allowing especially when taking into account that most of the world’s population lives in countries
where. Over-nutrition kills more people than under nutrition. Causes of under-nutrition is poverty, lack
of access to food, disease, conflict, climate change, lack of access to safe drinking water, increased
demand of energy, mental health, and eating disorder. Causes of over-nutrition is limited access to food,
having a healthy diet and lifestyle and consuming dietary supplements.

Malnutrition affects people of every age, although infants, children and adolescents may suffer the
most because many nutrients are critical for normal growth and development. Other people may
develop malnutrition because aging, illness, and other factors and can sometimes lead to a poor
appetite, so they may not eat enough. Under nourishment is most often due to not enough high quality
food being available to eat. This is often related to high food prices and poverty. A lack of breastfeeding
may contribute, as may a number of infectious disease such as; gastroenteritis, pneumonia, malaria and
measles, which increase nutrients requirements. There are two main types of undernutrition and dietary
defiance’s. Protein energy malnutrition has two severe forms. Marasmus (a lack of protein and calories)
and kwashiorkor a lack of just protein. Common micronutrients deficiencies include: a lack of iron,
iodine and vitamin. A during pregnancy, due to the body increase need, deficiencies may become more
common. In some developing countries, over nutrition in the forms is obesity to present within the same
communities as under malnutrition. There were 793 million undernourished people in the world in 2015
(13% of the total population). This is reduction of 216 million people since 1990 when 23% were under
nourished. In 2012 it was estimated that another to the resulted in 323,00 deaths-downs from 510,000
deaths in 1990. Other nutritional deficiencies which include iodine deficiency and iron deficiency
anemia, result in another 83,000 deaths. In 2010 malnutrition was a cause of 14% of all disability
adjusted life years. Under nutrition is more common in developing countries. Certain groups have higher
rates of undernutrition, including women-in particular while pregnant or breastfeeding-children under
five years of age, and the elderly. In the elderly undernutrition becomes more common due to physical,
psychological and social factors. This document provides a compact of WHO guidance or nutrition
interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Focusing on this package of essential nutrition’s
actions (ENA), policy makers could reduce infant and child mortality, improve physical and mental
growth and development, and improve productivity.