Name : Maria Peeva Mahseya Ngsurukh

Nim : 321610022

Class : A afternoon class

Subject : Approaches to Foreign Language and Educational Research

Lecturer : Finny Anita, M.Pd

1. What are Educational Research ?

 Educational research refers to the systematic collection and
analysis of data related to the field of education. Research may
involve a variety of methods.
 Crawford. “Educational research is a systematic and refined
technique of thinking, using special tools in order to obtain a mere
adequate solution of a problem.”
 J. W. Best. “Educational research is that activity which is directed
towards development of a science of behaviour in educational
situations. The ultimate aim of such a science is to provide
knowledge that will permit the educator to achieve his goals by the
most effective methods.”
 According to Experts Crawford and J. W. Best the conclusion of
Educational Research is the systematic activity that used to find
some solutions of Education problems by using the most effective
methods to achieve the perfect of Educator and Learner.
2. What are :
a. Quantitative Research
Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by
way of generating numerical data or data that can be transformed
into usable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions,
behaviors, and other defined variables – and generalize results
from a larger sample population.
 Quantitative Research is a result of researches that
showed by quantify of attitudes, behaviors etc.
b. Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. It is
used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and
motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to
develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research.
 Quanlitative Research is about how to understand
the reasons, opinions, and motivations of the
problem that want to solved.
 c. Mixed method
“As a method, it focuses on collecting, analyzing, and mixing
both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or series of
studies. Its central premise is that the use of quantitative and
qualitative approaches, in combination, provides a better
understanding of research problems than either approach alone.”
 Mixed method is a method that combined between
quantitative and qualitative that focuses only in
analyzing and collecting some datas in research
problems.

3. The differences between Quantative and Qualitative Research !

Qualitative Methods Quantitative Methods

Methods include focus groups, in- Surveys, structured interviews &

depth interviews, and reviews of observations, and reviews of records
documents for types of themes or documents for numeric
information

Primarily inductive process used to Primarily deductive process used to

formulate theory or hypotheses test pre-specified concepts,
constructs, and hypotheses that
make up a theory

More subjective: describes a problem More objective: provides observed

or condition from the point of view effects (interpreted by researchers)
of those experiencing it of a program on a problem or
condition

Text-based Number-based

More in-depth information on a few Less in-depth but more breadth of

cases information across a large number of
cases

Unstructured or semi-structured Fixed response options

response options

No statistical tests Statistical tests are used for analysis

Can be valid and reliable: largely Can be valid and reliable: largely
depends on skill and rigor of the depends on the measurement device
researcher or instrument used

Time expenditure lighter on the Time expenditure heavier on the

planning end and heavier during the planning phase and lighter on the
analysis phase analysis phase

Less generalizable More generalizable