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Sub-grade
The finished and compacted surface of earthwork on which a road pavement rests is called subgrade or
formation. The subgrade of a road may be provided on an embankment, in cutting or existing ground
level depending upon the topography and the finalized formation level. It consists of well compacted
natural soil brought to the required camber and gradient. The thickness and type of pavement structure
depend upon the supporting power of the subgrade because the entire load of the pavement, including
the load of traffic transmitted through the pavement, is ultimately taken up by the subgrade. The load-
bearing strength of subgrade is measured by California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, falling weight
deflectometer backcalculations and other methods.

Function of Sub grade

1- Bears all the load thus acts as a foundation of road.

2- Transfer load through grain to grain contact.

Material

Material should be

1- Strong enough

2- Easily accessible in the surrounding vicinity

3- Cheap

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Components Of Road Structure And Method Of Construction

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1- Sub-grade

The finished and compacted surface of earthwork on which a road pavement rests is called subgrade or
formation. The subgrade of a road may be provided on an embankment, in cutting or existing ground
level depending upon the topography and the finalized formation level. It consists of well compacted
natural soil brought to the required camber and gradient. The thickness and type of pavement structure
depend upon the supporting power of the subgrade because the entire load of the pavement, including
the load of traffic transmitted through the pavement, is ultimately taken up by the subgrade. The load-
bearing strength of subgrade is measured by California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, falling weight
deflectometer backcalculations and other methods.

Function of Sub grade

1- Bears all the load thus acts as a foundation of road.

2- Transfer load through grain to grain contact.

Material

Material should be

1- Strong enough

2- Easily accessible in the surrounding vicinity

3- Cheap

2- Sub-base

A layer of granular material provided in between the subgrade and the base course in a road pavement is
known as sub-base. It is provided as an additional layer when subgrade is of poor quality. It consists of a
layer comparatively cheaper material like burnt clinker, natural gravel or slag.

Functions of sub base

1- Prevent rise of water or capillary action.

Material

1- Should be better than the material of Sub Grade.

2- The Upper Base Course is made up of sand, gravel, and stone.

3- The Lower Base Course is made up of cheaply available material i-e rock and stone fragments.

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Components Of Road Structure And Method Of Construction

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1- Sub-grade

The finished and compacted surface of earthwork on which a road pavement rests is called subgrade or
formation. The subgrade of a road may be provided on an embankment, in cutting or existing ground
level depending upon the topography and the finalized formation level. It consists of well compacted
natural soil brought to the required camber and gradient. The thickness and type of pavement structure
depend upon the supporting power of the subgrade because the entire load of the pavement, including
the load of traffic transmitted through the pavement, is ultimately taken up by the subgrade. The load-
bearing strength of subgrade is measured by California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, falling weight
deflectometer backcalculations and other methods.
Function of Sub grade

1- Bears all the load thus acts as a foundation of road.

2- Transfer load through grain to grain contact.

Material

Material should be

1- Strong enough

2- Easily accessible in the surrounding vicinity

3- Cheap

2- Sub-base

A layer of granular material provided in between the subgrade and the base course in a road pavement is
known as sub-base. It is provided as an additional layer when subgrade is of poor quality. It consists of a
layer comparatively cheaper material like burnt clinker, natural gravel or slag.

Functions of sub base

1- Prevent rise of water or capillary action.

Material

1- Should be better than the material of Sub Grade.

2- The Upper Base Course is made up of sand, gravel, and stone.

3- The Lower Base Course is made up of cheaply available material i-e rock and stone fragments.

3- Base Course

A layer of boulders or bricks provided over the subbase or immediately over the subgrade in the absence
of sub-base in a road pavement is called base course or soling or foundation course. This course is
considered as the most important and major component of road structure because this course is to bear
the impact of traffic transferred through the wearing course. It consists of a stable material like boulders,
gravel, one or two layers of well-burnt bricks etc. In case of rocky subgrade, this course is not provided.

Construction

Constructed above the Sub Base.

Functions of Road Base

1- To avoid the distortion of wearing course due to its sufficient density.

2- Supports the wearing course.

Material

1- In case of Upper Road Base the material is of high quality as the load intensity is high.

2- In case of Lower Road Base the material is of high quality as the load intensity decreases.

Components Of Road Structure And Method Of Construction

1.7K views

No comments

212 Shares

212

1- Sub-grade

The finished and compacted surface of earthwork on which a road pavement rests is called subgrade
or formation. The subgrade of a road may be provided on an embankment, in cutting or existing
ground level depending upon the topography and the finalized formation level. It consists of well
compacted natural soil brought to the required camber and gradient. The thickness and type of
pavement structure depend upon the supporting power of the subgrade because the entire load of the
pavement, including the load of traffic transmitted through the pavement, is ultimately taken up by
the subgrade. The load-bearing strength of subgrade is measured by California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
test, falling weight deflectometer backcalculations and other methods.
Function of Sub grade

1- Bears all the load thus acts as a foundation of road.

2- Transfer load through grain to grain contact.

Material

Material should be

1- Strong enough

2- Easily accessible in the surrounding vicinity

3- Cheap

2- Sub-base

A layer of granular material provided in between the subgrade and the base course in a road
pavement is known as sub-base. It is provided as an additional layer when subgrade is of poor quality.
It consists of a layer comparatively cheaper material like burnt clinker, natural gravel or slag.
Functions of sub base

1- Prevent rise of water or capillary action.

Material

1- Should be better than the material of Sub Grade.

2- The Upper Base Course is made up of sand, gravel, and stone.

3- The Lower Base Course is made up of cheaply available material i-e rock and stone fragments.

3- Base Course

A layer of boulders or bricks provided over the subbase or immediately over the subgrade in the
absence of sub-base in a road pavement is called base course or soling or foundation course. This
course is considered as the most important and major component of road structure because this
course is to bear the impact of traffic transferred through the wearing course. It consists of a stable
material like boulders, gravel, one or two layers of well-burnt bricks etc. In case of rocky subgrade, this
course is not provided.

Construction

Constructed above the Sub Base.

Functions of Road Base

1- To avoid the distortion of wearing course due to its sufficient density.

2- Supports the wearing course.

Material

1- In case of Upper Road Base the material is of high quality as the load intensity is high.

2- In case of Lower Road Base the material is of high quality as the load intensity decreases.

4- Surface Course

It is the upper most layer of road cross section. It can be provided in one or two layers

Construction

Constructed usually in two layers

1- Binder Course.
2- Wearing Course (It is the layer which is in direct contact with the tyres of the vehicle)

Functions of Surfacing of Road

1- Prevent penetration of water in to the pavement.

2- Binder Course binds the Wearing Course with the Road Base.

3- Wearing Course provide a smooth riding.

4- Saves the lower layers from abrasion and weathering effects of the moving vehicles.

Material

1- Made up of bituminous material.

2- For Flexible Pavement asphalt concrete is used.

3- For Rigid Pavements Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) is used.

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