Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fundamental forces:
1. Gravitational force - attraction between objects by virtues of their masses
2. Electromagnetic force - attractive or repulsive force between charged bodies
3. Strong nuclear force - holds constituents of the nucleus of an atom
4. Weak nuclear force - plays role in radioactive decay
Acceleration
- an unbalanced force acting on a body that produces acceleration
- an object with a larger mass needs a stronger force to be moved along at the same
acceleration as an object with a small mass
3 types of friction
Static Friction - Sufficient to prevent relative motion
between surfaces in contact
- (no contact)
Kinetic Friction - relative between surfaces in contact
- (sliding)
Rolling Friction - one surface rotates as it moves over
another without sliding nor slipping at
the point or area of contact
Advantages of Friction: Disadvantages of Friction:
Prevents us from slipping Slows down or stops the movement of
objects
Stops moving vehicles Causes the surface of an object to wear out
Keeps the position of an object on a surface Produces unnecessary heat
Produces fire Makes moving heavy pieces of furniture
difficult
Holds/grips things Causes wear and tear of machines
Sharpens a knife
Prevents vehicles from skidding
Holds screws and nails in place
Contact Forces:
1. Applied force - force which is applied to an object by another object or by a person
- the direction depends on how the force is applied
2. Frictional Force - exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to
move across it
3. Air resistance force - acts upon objects as they travel through air
4. Tension force - transmitted through a string, rope, or wire when it is pulled tight by force
acting on each end
5. Spring force - exerted by a compressed or string upon an object which is attached to it
6. Normal force - support force exerted upon an object which is in contact with another
stable object
Non-contact Forces:
1. Gravitational force - attraction between objects by virtues of their masses
2. Electric force - exists between all charged particles
- responsible for diverse phenomena
3. Magnetic force - attraction or repulsion that arises between electrically charged particles
Problem Solving
Equation: Unit:
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚 × 𝑎 N
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 kg
𝑚=
𝑎
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 m/s2
𝑎=
𝑚
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 m/s2
𝑎=
𝑡
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 s (seconds) or m (minutes)
𝑡=
𝑎
𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑡 = 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 m/s2
𝑚𝑣 2 N
𝐹𝑐 =
𝑟
𝑣2 m/s2
𝑎𝑐 =
𝑟
𝑚𝑣 2 m
𝑟=
𝐹𝑐
2𝜋𝑟 m/s
𝑣=
𝑟
𝑣 = 𝑎c𝑟 m/s
m/s
𝐹𝑐𝑟
𝑣=√
𝑚
Fc = centripetal force
m = mass of the body
v = speed of the body
r = distance of the body from the center of rotation
Problem Solving
Equation: Unit:
𝑤 = (𝑚𝑔)𝑑 J
𝑤 =𝑓×𝑑 J
𝑤 W
𝑃=
𝑡
𝑃𝐸 = (𝑚𝑔)ℎ J
𝑃𝐸 m
ℎ=
𝑚𝑔
𝑃𝐸 kg
𝑚=
𝑔ℎ
1 J
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
g = 9.8 m/s2