Professional Documents
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PASTURAS TROPICALES
BASE DE DATOS:
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1.EVALUACIÓN AGRONÓMICA DE GERMOPLASMA
1.1 GRAMÍNEAS
The agronomic performance of sixteen sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars were
assessed in a cutting trial carried out at Vilhena, Rondônia´s savannas, from
1985 to 1989. Contimel 02, Pioneer 855-F, BR-507, AG 2001, Ag 2002 and Contisilo
02 provided higher DM yields. The highest CP contents were obtained with
Contimel 02, AG 2004, BR 507, CMSXS 648 and CMSXS 741. In order to obtain geater
forage yields with better quality, the cultivars more promising were Contimel
02, BR 507, Contisilo 02, Ag 2001, AG 2002, CMSXS 648 and Pioneer 855-F.
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t-ha). Las gramineas mas productivas en epoca de min. precipitacion y en todas
las edades de corte fueron A. gayanus, B. humidicola, M. minutiflora, P. maximum
cv. Comum y Tobiata, y S. sphacelata cv. Congo 1. En el periodo de max.
precipitacion, las leguminosas D. ovalifolium, S. capitata y S. guianensis
presentaron la mayor produccion de MS a las 3 semanas (0.82, 0.76 y 0.70 t-ha,
resp.); a las 6, 9 y 12 semanas se destacaron estas mismas especies, asi como
Leucaena leucocephala y D. intortum.
06. COSTA, N. de L.; GONÇALVES, C.A.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; OLIVEIRA, M.A.S.
1988. Rendimiento de gramíneas forrajeras en Ariquemes, Rondonia. Porto Velho,
EMBRAPA-UEPAE Porto Velho. 4p. (Comunicado Técnico, 63).
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lluviosa, el mayor rendimiento de MS se obtuvo con Tripsacum australe (8.17
t/ha); otras gramíneas como A. gayanus, B. brizantha cv. Marandu, P. guenoarum
FCAP-43, P. coryphaeum FCAP-08 y B. brizantha presentaron rendimientos de 5.7;
4.69; 4.55; 4.5 y 4.08 t de MS/ha, resp. En la época seca se destacaron T.
australe (5.29 t/ha), A. gayanus y B. brizantha cv. Marandu, con 3.84 y 3.l8
t/ha, resp.
08. COSTA, N. DE L.; GONCALVES, C.A.; OLIVEIRA, M.A.S.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. DA C.;
ROCHA, C.M.C. DA 1988. Evaluacion agronomica de germoplasma de gramineas
forrajeras en los Cerrados de Rondonia. Porto Velho: EMBRAPA-UEPAE Porto Velho.
8p. (Comunicado Tecnico, 62).
09. COSTA, N. de L.; LEÔNIDAS, F. das C.; MAGALHÃES, J.A.; PEREIRA, R.G. de A.
1995. Agronomic evaluation of forage sorghum cultivars in Rondônia. In: REUNIÃO
DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA, 32., Brasília, 1995. Anais... Brasília,
SBZ, 1995. p.37-38.
The agronomic performance of twelve sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars were
assessed in a cutting experiment carried out at Ouro Preto d’Oeste, from 1986 to
1989. AG-2003, Contisilo, Contisilo 02 and BR 507 cultivars provided higher DM
yields. The highest crude protein contents and DM in vitro digestibility were
obtained with Contisilo 02, CMSXS-649 and AG-2003 cultivars. In order to obtain
greater forage yields with better quality, the cultivars more promising were
Contisilo 02, BR 507, AG-2003 and CMSXS-649.
From November 1987 through October 1989, 20 P. maximum accessions were evaluated
on a Ultisol of Ouro Preto d’Oeste (tropical rain forest), for DM yield,
leaf/stem radio relationship, crude protein contents, and in vitro
digestibility. Evaluations were made every 6 weeks in two periods of maximum
precipitaion (1.621 mm) and every 12 weeks in two periods of minimum
precipitation (142 mm). Differences (P<0.05) were found in all ecotypes for the
characteristics evaluated. According to the results, the most promising ecotypes
for the area are CPAC-3012, 3003, 3024, 3072, 3063, 3060, 3016, 3028, and 3055.
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Se evaluó la producción de MS de 5 espécies de Paspalum en un Latosol Amarillo
de Ariquemes, durante períodos de max. y mín. precipitación. Las gramíneas más
productivas fueron P. guenoarum FCAP-43 y P. coryphaeum FCAP-08, en ambos
períodos de evaluación. Los mayores contenidos de proteína cruda fueron
obtenidos con P. notatum CPATU-137, P. plicatulum FCAP-06 y P. coryphaeum
FCAP-08.
13. COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; GONÇALVES, C.A. 1990. Establecimiento
y produccion de gramineas forrajeras en Rondonia, Brasil. In: REUNIÓN DE LA RED
INTERNACIONAL DE EVALUACIÓN DE PASTOS TROPICALES - AMAZONÍA, 1., Lima, Peru,
1990. Memórias... Cali, Colombia, CIAT, v.1, p.145-148.
14. COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; GONÇALVES, C.A. 1989. Evaluación
agronómica de gramíneas forrajeras en Rondônia, Brasil. Pasturas Tropicales,
11(3):21-24.
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15. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T. 1999. Desempenho agronômico de genótipos de
Bracharia humidicola em diferentes idades de corte. Pasturas Tropicales, 21(2):
68-71
16. COSTA, N. de L.; PEREIRA, R.G. de A.; TOWNSEND, C.R. 1996. Desempeño
productivo de gramíneas forrajeras en las sabannas de Rondônia. Porto Velho,
EMBRAPA/CPAF Rondônia. 4p. (Comunicado Técnico, 117).
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Velho, los mayores rendimientos de MS, tanto en el período de max. como en el de
mín. precipitación, se obtuvieron en A. scoparius (54.46 y 25.41 t MS/ha), B.
humidicola (48.35 y 19.72 t MS/ha) y P. maximum cv. Sempre Verde (46.30 y 16.19
t MS/ha). C. nlenfuensis fue la gramínea de menor rendimiento (7.92 y 4.66 t MS/
ha). Las gramíneas evaluadas en Porto Velho presentaron pequeñas variaciones en
los contenidos de Ca y P (0.30-0.37% y 0.06-0.11%, resp.). En cuanto a PC, P.
maximum cv, Sempre Verde y Gongiloides presentaron los mayores contenidos (9.54
y 8.12%, resp.). En P. Médici, los mayores rendimientos de MS, tanto en el
período de max. como en el de mín. precipitación, se obtuvieron en B. humidicola
(38.84 y 25.40 t MS/ha). Esta misma gramínea presentó los mayores contenidos de
Ca y P (0.69 y 0.17%, resp.) y uno de los más altos contenidos de PC (7.63%).
20. GONÇALVES, C.A.; COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; ROCHA, C.M. C. da.
1988. Introducción y evaluación de gramíneas forrajeras en los cerrados de
Rondônia. Porto Velho, EMBRAPA-UEPAE Porto Velho. 8p. (Comunicado Técnico, 58).
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En Porto Velho (Brasil) se evaluó el establecimiento y la producción de MS de 7
gramíneas forrajeras de los géneros Hyparrhenia, Andropogon, Brachiaria,
Paspalum y Panicum, con 2 niveles de P (0 y 22 kg de P/ha). Durante el período
lluvioso del primer año, A. gayanus CIAT-621 produjo el mayor rendimiento de MS
(16.46 t/ha), mientras que en el período seco, P. maximum CIAT-604 fue la
espécie más productiva (8.96 t/ha). Por su producción de MS en el segundo año,
sobresalieron A. gayanus, B. humidicola, Brachiaria spp. y B. decumbens CIAT-606
(durante todo el período exptl.) y A. gayanus (el segundo año) presentaron los
mayores porcentajes de cobertura. En general, la fertilización fosfatada
incrementó significativamente la cobertura (excepto en el período seco del
primer año), los rendimientos de forraje y los contenidos de PC, P, Ca y Mg de
las gramíneas. Se recomiendan A. gayanus CIAT-621, P. maximum CIAT-604 y B.
humidicola para la formación y/o recuperación de pasturas.
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1.2 LEGUMINOSAS
The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the agronomic performance of three
forage legumes (Aeschynomene histrix CIAT-9666 and CIAT-9690, Cassia
rotundifolia CIAT-7792 and Desmodium gyroides CIAT-3001). The trial was
conducted under field conditions without supplemental irrigation at the
Experimental Station of Porto Velho, Brazil. Annual rainfall averaging 2,200 mm
was measured from October l983 to September l986. The cutting frequency was 84
days, and plants were cut to 30 cm height. In both seasons, highest DM yields
were obtained by C. rotundifolia while A. histrix CIAT-9666 and CIAT-9690 gave
the lowest forage production. During the wet season, D. gyroides provided the
highest crude protein contents. During the dry season there were no significant
differences among crude protein contents. However, in both seasons the higher
crude protein yields were obtained by C. rotundifolia.
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05. COSTA, N. de L.; GONÇALVES, C.A.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C. 1988. Evaluación de
leguminosas forrajeras en Ouro Preto d'Oeste, Rondonia. Porto Velho, EMBRAPA-
UEPAE Porto Velho. 6p. (Comunicado Técnico, 64).
1
período de mín. precipitación, los ecotipos más productivos fueron C.
acutifolium CIAT-5112 (2,74 t/ha), CIAT-5277 (1,80 t/ha), C. macrocarpum
CIAT-5234 (1,73 t/ha) y C. macrocarpum CIAT-5065 (1,68 t/ha). Los mayores
contenidos de PC fueron presentados por C. brasilianum CIAT-5247 (23,8%) y C.
pubescens CIAT-438 (22,5%).
09. COSTA, N. de L.; GONÇALVES, C.A.; ROCHA, C.M.C. da. 1991. Evaluación de
leguminosas forrajeras en los cerrados de Rondonia, Brasil. Pasturas Tropicales,
13(1):36-40.
10. COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; GONÇALVES, C.A. 1989. Introducción y
evaluación de leguminosas forrajeras en los cerrados de Rondonia. Porto Velho,
EMBRAPA-UEPAE Porto Velho. 5p. (Comunicado Técnico, 68).
1
12. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T. 1990. Forage production of pigeon pea
varieties in Rondonia's savannas. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research Reports, 8:120.
13. COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; MAGALHÃES, J.A.; LEÔNIDAS, F. das C.
1995. Producción y composición quimica de leguminosas forrajeras en Porto Velho,
Rondônia. Lavoura Arrozeira, 48(422):18-20.
The agronomic performance of six pigeon pea (C. cajan) cultivars - Common,
EMPASC 303, Branco de Minas, IRI 13271, Puerto Rico and Roraima - were assessed
in a cutting experiment carried out at Presidente Médici, Rondônia. In total
biomass, cultivars EMPASC 303, IRI 13271 and Common were the most productives,
while for the useful fraction the cultivars EMPASC 303 and Common produced
higher DM yields. Pigeon pea cultivars did not differ (P>.05), for both
fractions (useful and rough), in CP contents, however, there were significant
differences among CP yields. The higher yields were obtained from cultivars
EMPASC 303, IRI 13271 and Common. The performance of cultivars EMPASC 303,
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Common and IRI 13271 is considered very satisfactory and suggest the viability
of pigeon pea culture for production in P. Médici county.
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En la epoca seca, las mayores producciones de MS se observaron en D.
ovalifolium, P. phaseoloides y S. capitata en el corte a las 3 semanas (0.62,
0.52 y 0.50 t de MS-ha, resp.). A las 6, 9 y 12 semanas las especies mas
productivas fueron D. ovalifolium (0.69, 0.93 y 1.66 t de MS-ha) y S. capitata
(0.68, 1.00 y 0.78 t de MS-ha). Las leguminosas mas promisorias para la region
fueron D. ovalifolium CIAT 390, L. leucocephala, P. phaseoloides CIAT 9900, S.
capitata CIAT 1405 y S. guianensis cv. Cook.
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2. PRADERAS MIXTAS
Studies were carried out in Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil, in 1986/88 to select
the most suitable forage species, in terms of CP content, DM yield and N
fixation, for mixtures with B. brizantha cv. Marandu. The legumes species
evaluated were P. phaseoloides, C. mucunoides, C. pubescens cv. CIAT-438, D.
ovalifolium cv. CIAT-350 and S. guianensis cv. Cook. The best mixtures were
those with P. phaseoloides and D. ovalifolium. Mixtures with legumes
significantly increased the CP content of B. brizantha. The mixtures gave forage
with higher protein content and DM yield than the grass grown alone. The legumes
which gave the largest amounts of fixed N were P. phaseoloides (194.24
kg/ha/year) and D. ovalifolium (137.68 kg/ha/year), while the most efficient at
transfering N to the grass were P. phaseoloides and C. mucunoides (74.56 and
70.8 kg/ha/year, respectively).
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CIAT-9900, C. macrocarpum CIAT-5065, Desmodium ovalifolium CIAT-350 y
Calopogonium mucunoides) en Ouro Preto d'Oeste (Brasil). Entre tanto, en
Presidente Medici se evaluo la asociacion de estas mismas gramineas con S.
humilis, C. pubescens CIAT-438, P. phaseoloides CIAT-9900, D. intortum, S.
guianensis cv. Cook y C. mucunoides. En Ouro Preto d'Oeste, durante el periodo
de max. precipitacion, la asociacion A. gayanus-D. ovalifolium CIAT-350 presento
el mayor rendimiento de MS (45.72 t-ha). En Presidente Medici, durante el
periodo de max. precipitacion, la asociacion B. brizantha-P. phaseoloides
presento los mayores rendimientos de MS (33.33 t-ha); en el periodo de min.
precipitacion se destacan todas las asociaciones de B. brizantha, entre las
cuales B. brizantha-P. phaseoloides presento los mayores rendimientos de MS
(6.84 t-ha).
05. Costa, N. de L.; GONÇALVES, C.A.; TOWNSEND, C.R. 1998. Agronomic evaluation
of Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatá in mixture with forage legumes. Pesquisa
Agropecuária Brasileira, 33(3):363-367.
An experiment was done in the Experimental Field, CPAF-RO, Ouro Preto D'Oeste,
Brazil, from February to December 1987 to select the best associations of
Panicum maximum with leguminous forage plants (Desmodium ovalifolium CIAT-350,
Centrosema acutifolium CIAT-5277 y CIAT-5112, Centrosema pubescens CIAT-438 y
Pueraria phaseoloides CIAT-9900). Factors considered were productivity,
botanical composition, nutritional value, and persistence. The associations were
more efficient for forage production than the grass in monoculture. The highest
yields of dry matter were obtained in association with C. acutifolium CIAT5277
(31.4 t/ha) or with P. phaeoloides (29.8 t/ha). The associations with C.
acutifolium, P. phaseoloides and D. ovalifolium presented a better agronomic
yield due to their persistence and participation in the botanic composition of
the forage. The legumes that fix and transfer higher quantities of N for a grass
are C. acutifolium and P. phaseoloides. The grasslegume association produces
forage richer in brute protein than the grass in monoculture.
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obtenidos, las mezclas más indicadas para la región por producción de MS,
composición botánica, contenido de PC, P, Ca, Mg y K y tolerancia al pisoteo
son: A. gayanus + P. phaseoloides; A. gayanus + D. ovalifolium; B. humidicola +
D. ovalifolium, B. humidicola + P. phaseoloides, B. humidicola + mezcla de las 3
leguminosas, y S. sphacelata + mezcla de las 3 leguminosas. Estos presentaron
producciones de MS en las épocas de max. y mín. precipitación de 8.10 y 2.37;
10.47 y 2.42; 11.45 y 2.68; 7.25 y 2.47; 7.29 y 2.46; 9.15 y 1.68 t/ha, resp.
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11 - GONÇALVES, C.A.; COSTA, N. de L. 1996. Asociacion de leguminosas forrajeras
con Hyparrhenia rufa en Porto Velho, Rondônia. Porto Velho, EMBRAPA-CPAF
Rondônia. 3p. (Comunicado Técnico, 109).
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3. SUELOS
3.1 FERTILIZACIÓN
3.1.1 Gramíneas
01. COSTA, N. de L. 1989. Evaluación agronómica de gramíneas forrajeras
tropicales bajo tres niveles de fertilización fosfatada. Porto Velho, EMBRAPA-
UEPAE Porto Velho. 4p. (Comunicado Técnico, 80).
The performance of two P. guenoarum Arech. forms (Azulão and Baio) were studied
in a greenhouse experiment with São Jerônimo soil (Ultisol). Three levels of
exchangeable aluminum (0.05; 1,35 and 2.65 meq/100g) were used. Plant growth
(shoot and root dry weight), root morphological (root lenght and radius) and
nutrient uptake (calcium and phosphorus) measurements were done. Increasing
aluminum contents in soil decreased all measured parameters. A significant forms
and aluminum interaction was observed (P < 0.05) for dry matter. Both forms were
similar in the lower soil aluminum contents (0.05 and 1.35 meq/100g) but Azulão
form grew better in the higher aluminum level. This performance can be related
to an higher calcium nd phosphorus absorption by Azulão plants that determine
better hability to resist aluminum toxicity.
04. COSTA, N. de L.; GONÇALVES, C.A.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C. 1990. Efecto del
encalado y la fertilizacion fosfatada en la produccion de forraje de Andropogon
gayanus cv. Planaltina. In: REUNIÓN DE LA RED INTERNACIONAL DE EVALUACIÓN DE
PASTOS TROPICALES – AMAZONÍA. 1., Lima, Peru, 1990. Memórias... Cali, Colombia,
CIAT. v.2, p.705-708.
En los municipios de Ariquemes, Presidente Medici y Vilhena (Rondonia, Brasil)
se estudio el efecto de 5 dosis de cal (0, 300, 600, 900 y 1200 kg-ha) y 5 de P
(0, 25, 50, 75 y 100 kg-ha) en la produccion de forraje de A. gayanus cv.
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Planaltina. El encalado y la fertilizacion fosfatada incrementaron
significativamente los rendimientos de forraje de la graminea. En Ariquemes y
Vilhena, se obtuvieron un optimo establecimiento y buenos rendimientos de MS al
aplicar cal y fertilizante fosfatado en dosis de 900 y 100 kg-ha y 600 y 50 kg-
ha, resp. En Presidente Medici, la aplicacion de 50 kg de P-ha aumento los
rendimientos significativamente; el encalado no tuvo ningun efecto
significativo.
05. COSTA, N. de L.; SILVA FILHO, G.N.; SENA, J.O.A. de; RODRIGUES, A.N.A.;
ANGHINONI, I. 1988. Potassium supply mechanisms and its absorption efficiency in
soybean, maize, pearl millet, rapeseed and lablab. Pesquisa Agropecuária
Brasileira, 23(5):463-468.
The evaluation of soil nutrient availbility for the plants through chemical
methods presents limitations, because morpho-physiological parameters of the
plant are not considered. With the objective to evaluate the contribution of
potassium supply mechanisms and its absorption efficiency in soybean (Glycine
max (L.)Merril), maize (Zea mays L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum
(L.)Leek), rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) and lablab (Lab-lab purpureus
(L.)Sweet), a greenhouse trial was conducted at Faculdade de Agronomia - UFRGS,
using a Structural Red Soil Similar Disthrophic - Hapludults. The supply
mechanisms contributions were affected (P < 0.05) in each studied specie. The
diffusion proved to be the main potassium supply mechanism for all species. Root
interception was the most important or maize and soybean, because these species
presented, relative to others, the largest root volumes. Mass flow was
predominant for soybean, lablab and rapeseed, due to the high transpiration
coefficients. Rapeseed was the most efficient in potassium uptake, followed by
maize, pearl millet and lablab, although maize, lablab and soybean showed
higher ability in potassium accumulation. Soybean, lablab and pearl millet were
more efficient in absorbed potassium utilization, presenting the smallest
absorbed/produced dry matter ratio.
06. COSTA, N. de L.; GONÇALVES, C.A.: BOTELHO, S.M.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C. 1990.
Dosis de cal y fósforo en el establecimiento de pasturas de Brachiaria
humidicola en Rondonia. Porto Velho, EMBRAPA-UEPAE Porto Velho. 5p. (Comunicado
Técnico, 82).
08. COSTA, N. de L.; GONÇALVES, C.A.; BOTELHO, S.M.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C. l990.
Efecto del encalado y la fertilización fosfatada en la producción de forraje de
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Andropogon gayanus cv. Planaltina. Porto Velho, EMBRAPA-UEPAE Porto velho. 5p.
(Comunicado Técnico, 85).
09. COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; GONÇALVES, C.A. 1992. Evaluación
agronómica de gramíneas forrajeras tropicales bajo tres níveles de fertilización
fosfatada en los cerrados de Rondônia, Brasil. In: REUNIÓN DE LA RED
INTERNACIONAL DE EVALUACIÓN DE PASTOS TROPICALES - SABANAS, 1., Brasília, 1992.
Memórias... Cali, Colombia, CIAT. p.459-464.
10. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; LEÔNIDAS, F. das C.;
RODRIGUES, A.N.A. 1992. Efecto de fuentes de fosforo en la producción de forraje
de Brachiaria humidicola en los cerrados de Rondônia, Brasil. In: REUNIÓN DE LA
RED INTERNACIONAL DE EVALUACIÓN DE PASTOS TROPICALES - SABANAS, 1., Brasília,
1992. Memórias... Cali, Colombia, CIAT. p.421-424.
11. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; CARDELLI, M.A.; RODRIGUES, A.N.A.; OLIVEIRA,
J.R. da. 1993. Effect of rates and sources of phosphate on the feed production
of Andropogon gayanus cv. Planaltina. Revista de Agricultura, 68(3):287-294.
The effects of various rates and types of phosphate fertilizer on the feed
production of A. gayanus cv. Planaltina were determined in a greenhouse trial,
on a Yellow Latosol with clay texture. The phosphate sources used were natural
rock phosphate from Olinda (FNO), Patos de Minas (FNPM) and Araxá (FNA), triple
superphosphate (TSF) and Yoorin thermophosphate. The application rates were
equivalent to 100 and 200 kg P2O5/ha. The highest dry matter yield was obtained
with TSF or YT, while FNPM showed the lowest efficiency. The highest DM yield
and P uptake were obtained with TSF and YT. The growth of A. gayanus cv
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Planaltina was improved by the application of phosphate regardless of the
source.
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16. PAULINO, V.T.; COSTA, N. de L.; LUCENA, M.A.C. de; SCHAMMAS, E.A.; FERRARI
JÚNIOR, E. 1994. Respuesta de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu a dosis de cal y
fertilización fosfatada en un suelo ácido. Pasturas Tropicales, 16(2):34-40.
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3.1.2 Leguminosas
01 - COSTA, N. de L. 1988. Efectos de la fertilizacion fosfatada en el
crecimiento, nodulacion y composicion química de tres leguminosas forrajeras
tropicales. Agronomia Sulriograndense, 24(1):107-120.
02. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T. 1989. Effects of lime and phosphated
fertilization on forage production, mineral composition, and nodulation on
pigeon pea (Cajanus cajani). Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research Reports, 7:77-78.
03. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T. l989. Evaluation of pigeon pea (Cajanus
cajan) varieties under two levels of P fertilization in Porto Velho, Rondônia -
Brazil. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research Reports, 7:79-80.
04. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T. 1990. Effect of liming and phosphorus
application on growth, mineral composition, and nodulation of Leucaena. Leucaena
Research Reports, 11:39-41.
Se evaluó el efecto del encalamiento (0, 2.0 y 4.0 t/ha) y la fertilización con
P (0, 50, 100, 200 y 300 kg/ha) en el rendimiento de MS, la composición química
y la nodulación de L. leucocephala cv. Campina Grande. La aplicación de cal y P
mejoró significativamente el crecimiento de L. leucocephala. Se obtuvieron mayor
rendimiento de MS, mayor no. y PS de nódulos y mayor absorción de N con la
aplicación de 300 kg de P2O5/ha y 4.0 t de cal/ha; con estos niveles de
aplicación, también se presentaron los mayores contenidos y absorciones de Ca y
P en las plantas. La aplicación de cal aumentó la eficiencia del P aplicado e
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incrementó el pH del suelo de 4.5 a 5.1 cuando se aplicó 2.0 t/ha y a 5.9 cuando
se aplicó 4.0 t/ha. En ausencia de encalamiento, la nodulación fue baja puesto
que la acidez del suelo restringe el crecimiento y la nodulación, lo que
conlleva a bajos contenidos de Ca, Mg y P y mayores contenidos de Al. En
ausencia de encalamiento, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la
concn. de N en la planta entre los niveles de aplicación de P. En presencia de
cal, los mayores contenidos de N se obtuvieron con la aplicación de 50 y 0 kg de
P2O5/ha, con 2.0 y 4.0 t de cal/ha, resp. La aplicación de cal y P ocasionó una
disminución relativa en el contenido de N de las plantas como resultado de un
efecto de dilución asociado con el mayor crecimiento de biomasa. Estos
resultados indican que el encalamiento es indispensable para un normal
crecimiento y nodulación de L. leucocephala en los suelos estudiados. La
ausencia de P restringe el crecimiento de biomasa, la nodulación y absorción de
P, Ca y N.
06. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T. l992. Potassium fertilization affects Cajanus
cajan growth, mineral composition, and nodulation. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research
Reports, l0:121-122.
07. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; LEÔNIDAS, F. das C. 1995. Forage production,
nodulation and chemical composition of Desmodium ovalifolium CIAT-350 under
different fertilizations conditions. In: REUNIÃO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE
ZOOTECNIA, 32., Brasília, 1995. Anais... Brasília, SBZ, 1995. p.32-34.
2
08. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; SCHAMMAS, E.A. 1989. Effects of lime and
phosphatic fertilization on the forage production, mineral composition and
nodulation on pigeon pea. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 13(1):51-58.
09. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; VEASEY, E.A. l992. Phophorus fertilization
affects Cajanus cajan growth, mineral composition, and nodulation. Nitrogen
Fixing Tree Research Reports, l0:127-128.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of seven levels of
phosphate fertilization (0, 50, l00, l50, 200, 250 and 300 kg of P205/ha) on dry
matter (DM) yield, N and P uptake, and nodulation of pigeonpea (C. cajan cv.
Black). DM yields were significantly increased with increased application of
phosphorus, up to the level of 250 kg of P205/ha. Nodulation (number and dry
weight) also significantly increased with phosphorus fertilization up to the
level of 200 kg of P205/ha. Nodulation was inhibited in the absence or at lower
level of phosphorus. Statistical analysis indicated no significant effect (P >
0.05) of phosphorus on the N content, perhaps due to a grrowth dilution effect.
Phosphate fertilization up to the levels of 150 and 250 kg of P205/ha
significantly increased P content and uptake, respectively.
10. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; RODRIGUES, A.N.A.;
LEÔNIDAS, F. das C. 1992. Efecto del encalamiento y de la fertilización
fosfatada en la producción de forraje y composición química de Leucaena
leucocephala cv. Cunninghan en los cerrados de Rondônia, Brasil. In: REUNIÓN DE
LA RED INTERNACIONAL DE EVALUACIÓN DE PASTOS TROPICALES - SABANAS, 1., Brasília,
1992. Memórias... Cali, Colombia, CIAT. p.415-419.
11. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; TOWNSEND, C.R. 1997. Response of Arachis
pintoi cv. Amarillo to phosphorus levels. In: REUNIÃO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE
ZOOTECNIA, 34., Juiz de Fora, 1997. Anais... Juiz de Fora, SBZ, p.163-165.
The effect of phosphorus levels (0, 30 60, 90 and 120 mg /dm 3 of P) on dry
matter (DM) yield and chemical composition of A. pintoi cv. Amarillo, was
evaluated under greenhouse conditions. P fertilization significantly increased
DM yields and calcium and potassium contents, however, did not affect phosphorus
and magnesium contents. Maximum DM yield and calcium contents were obtained with
the application of 114,5 and 56,6 mg/dm3 of P, respectively. Internal phosphorus
2
requeriment for 90% maximum DM yield was estimated at 0,186%. The phosphorus
efficiency utilization decreased with increased phosphorus levels
12. LEÔNIDAS, F. das C.; COSTA, N. de L.; TOWNSEND, C.R. 1996. Respuesta de
Arachis pintoi a la fertilización fosfatada. Porto Velho, EMBRAPA/CPAF Rondônia.
3p. (Comunicado Técnico, 118).
2
3.2 MICROBIOLOGIA
3.2.1 Gramíneas
01. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T. 1989. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal
effects on the growth and phosphorus absorption by Andropogon gayanus cv.
Planaltina. Ciência Agronômica, 20(1/2):21-24.
02. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; COSTA, R.S.C. da; LEÔNIDAS, F. das C. 1995.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal on the growth and mineral nutrition of
Paspalum coryphaeum FCAP-08. In: REUNIÃO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA,
32., Brasília, 1995. Anais... Brasília, SBZ, 1995. p.35-36.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on dry matter (DM) yields, and
nitrogen and phosphorus contents of P. corypahaeum FCAP-08 were evaluated under
greenhouse conditions. Six Am fungi species were tested [Glomus etunicatum, G.
macrocarpum, Gigaspora margarita, Acaulospora muricata, A. laevis and
Scutellospora heterogama]. The highest DM yields were observed with the
inoculation of A. muricata and S. heterogama. The species more effective, in
relation to P concentrations were A. laevis and G. etunicatum. The plants
inoculated with A. muricata and G. margarita exhibited higher N contents. The
highst percentages of root colonization occurred on plant inoculated with G.
margarita, A. laevis and A. muricata.
2
negatively these parameters, at the highest level (60 kg of P2O5/ha). The
inverse was observed with application of rock phosphate.
04. LEÔNIDAS, F. das C.; COSTA, N. de L.; MIRANDA, J.C.C. de; PAULINO, V.T.;
COSTA, R.S.C. da. 1995. Respuesta de Andropogon gayanus cv. Planaltina a la
inoculación de hongos endomicorrízicos. Porto Velho, EMBRAPA/CPAF Rondônia, 4p.
(Comunicado Técnico, 108).
3
3.2.2 Leguminosas
01. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T. 1989. Efecto de hongos endomicorrizicos y
dosis de P sobre el crecimiento y nutrición mineral de Stylosanthes capitata
CIAT-10280 y Zornia glabra CIAT-7847. Agronomia Sulriograndense, 25(1):83-92.
02. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T. 1990. Response of leucaena to single and
combined inoculation with Rhizobium and mycorrhiza. Leucaena Research Reports,
11:45-46.
3
significativo en la nodulación y el contenido de N, siendo el nivel de respuesta
mayor con la fertilización fosfatada. En relación con el contenido de N, los
hongos más efectivos fueron G. margarita y S. heterogama, independientemente del
nivel de P. En presencia de P, las plantas inoculadas con S. heterogama y A.
muricata presentaron una mayor absorción de N.
05. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; SCHAMMAS, E.A. 1989. The effect of
vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and phosphorus application upon the growth and
uptake of N and P by Desmodium ovalifolium CIAT-350. Pasturas Tropicales, 11(3):
16-19.
06. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; RODRIGUES, A.N.A. l990. Effect of vesicular-
arbuscular mycorrhizal and phosphate fertilization on growth, nodulation and
nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of pigeonpea. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research
Reports, 8:123-125.
The effect of four VAM fungi species (Glomus etunicatum, Acaulospora muricata,
Gigaspora margarita and G. heterogama) and two levels of phosphorus (0 and 22 kg
of P/ha) on DM yield, nodulation and N and P uptake of pigeonpea (C. cajan cv.
Black) was evaluated under greenhouse conditions, using samples from a red-
yellow Podzol (Ultisol). Species of VAM fungi differed in their effectiveness to
enhance growth of pigeonpea depending of the P level applied. With P
fertilization, the plants inoculated with G. etunicatum and A. muricata
recording the highest DM yields, which were similar to those obtained with the
addition of 22 kg of P/ha. In the presence of phosphate, G. margarita, G.
heterogama and G. etunicatum were the most effective fungi.Mycorrhizal
inoculation had a significant positive effect on nodulation (number and weight
of nodules) and P uptake by pigeonpea plants compared with the inoculated
3
control. P application caused a significant increase in VAM colonization. The
highest percentages occurred on plants inoculated with A. muricata, G. margarita
and G. etunicatum.
08. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; VEASEY, E.A. 1992. Effect of phosphate
fertilization and mycorrhizal inoculation on growth and phosphorus uptake of
leucaena. Leucaena Research Reports, 13:8-9.
09. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; VEASEY, E.A.; LEÔNIDAS, F. das C. 1992.
Effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza and rock phosphate fertilization on
growth, nodulation, and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of leucaena. Leucaena
Research Reports, 13:10-12.
3
that in P-defficient soils it is possible to reduce P fertilization by VAM
inoculation and maintain a higher productivity. In summary, these results
demonstrate that mycotropic plant species like leucaena can most efficiently
utilize P from rock phosphate plus VAM inoculation.
11. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; VEASEY, E.A.; LEÔNIDAS, F. das C. l992.
Growth responses of leucaena to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation.
Leucaena Research Reports, l2:l2-l3.
12. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; VEASEY, E.A. 1992. Phosphorus fertilization
and mycorrhizal inoculation affect Cajanus cajan growth. Nitrogen Fixing Tree
Research Reports, 10:125-126.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of levels of phosphate
fertilization (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg/ha P 2O5) and vesicular-arbuscular
mycorrhizal inoculation (Acaulospora muricata) upon the development of pigeonpea
(C. cajan cv. Black). Plants inoculated with VAM plus fertilization recorded
higher DM yields and P concentration and uptake. Higher DM yields and P uptake
were obtained at 60 and 80 kg/ha P2O5, which in the presence of VAM did not
differ from each other statistically. In the absence of VAM, higher DM yield and
P uptake were recorded at the highest level (80 kg/ha P2O5).
13. PAULINO, V.T.; COSTA, N. de L.; SCHAMMAS, E.A. 1990. Effects of mycorrhizal
inoculation on growth, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of two tropical forage
legumes. Revista de Agricultura, 65(2):151-164.
3
Se estudió la respuesta de 2 leguminosas forrajeras tropicales (C. macrocarpum y
P. phaseoloides) a la inoculación con hongos micorrizógenos (Glomus macrocarpum,
G. etunicatum y Gigaspora margarita) con y sin la adición de P (0, 11 y 22
kg/ha), en un suelo estéril deficiente en P. La inoculación con MVA de
leguminosas como Centrosema y Pueraria, combinada con una aplicación
suficientemente baja de P, tiene potencial como una forma económica de aumentar
la productividad de la pastura en suelos pobres. Las espécies de MVA difieren en
su adaptación a la acidez del suelo. Las espécies de MVA tolerantes a suelos
ácidos mejoran la nutrición de la leguminosa forrajera. Las plantas no
micorrizadas siempre presentaron cantidades inferiores de P y N que las
micorrizadas. En Centrosema, en ausencia de fosfato agregado, G. margarita y G.
etunicatum aumentaron significativamente el crecimiento y la absorción y los
contenidos de N y P; sin embargo, en presencia de 11 kg de P/ha, G. margarita
fue más eficiente, mientras que con 22 kg de P/ha, la mayor respuesta se
presentó en las plantas inoculadas con G. etunicatum y G. margarita. En
Pueraria, en ausencia de fosfato, G. macrocarpum y G. maragrita fueron más
efectivas, pero en presencia de fosfato, las 3 MVA ejercieron efectos positivos,
sin diferencias significativas entre ellas.
14. PAULINO, V.T.; COSTA, N. de L.; VEASEY, E.A. l992. Response of Cajanus cajan
to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research
Reports, l0:129-131.
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of eight species of vesicular-
arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) inoculants (Acaulospora muricata, A. laevis, Glomus
mossaea, G. fasciculatum, G. macrocarpum, G. etunicatum, Gigaspora margarita and
Sutellospora heterogama) on dry matter (DM) yield, P and N uptake, nodulation,
and VAM infection of pigeonpea (C. cajan cv. Black). The trial was conducted
under greenhouse conditions using a red-yellow Podzol (Ultisol). Pigeonpea
growth was significantly improved by VAM inoculation. The increase in DM yields
provided by inoculation with S. heterogama (287%), G. margarita (269%), A.
muricata (239%), and G. etunicatum (217%) were similar to each other and
superior to those resulting from the use of A. laevis (121%) and G. mossaea
(95%) in relation to the control. VAM inoculation had a significant positive
effect on nodulation (number and dry weight of nodules) and N content and uptake
by pigeonpea plants compared with the uninoculated control. The highest
nodulation was recorded for A. laevis, G. mossaea, G. etunicatum, and S.
heterogama. Plants inoculated with G. etunicatum, G. margarita, and G.
fasciculatum recorded higher N uptake. With respect to P uptake, the highest
values were observed with the inoulation of G. etunicatum, A. muricata, G.
margarita, and S. heterogama. The percentage of root VAM infection from 53 to
82%. Plants inoculated with G. fasciculatum, S. heterogama, and A. muricata
presented the highest levels of root infection.
15. PAULINO, V.T.; COSTA, N. de L.; VEASEY, E.A. l992. Response of Cajanus cajan
to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and rock phosphate
fertilization. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research Reports, 10:132-134.
This study reports on the effects of two levels of Araxá rock phosphate
fertilization (44 and 88 kg of P/ha), with or without VAM inoculation
(Acaulospora muricata) on the dry matter (DM) yield, P and N uptake, and
nodulation of pigeonpea (C. cajan cv. Black), using a red-yellow Podzol
(Ultisol). Inoculation with VAM produced increases over the control of 125; 117,
and 219% in DM yield and N and P uptake, respectively. The highest DM yield, N
and P uptake, and nodulation were obtained when the application of Araxá rock
phosphate was associated with VAM inoculation, especially at the higher
phosphorus level (88 kg of P/ha). In general, the inoculation with VAM increased
the number of nodules compared with the non-inoculated control. Mycorrhizal
colonization of pigeonpea roots was not significantly influenced by rock
phosphate application. However, with increasing levels of rock phosphate,
3
infection rates tended to decrease slightly. This report shows the advantage of
using rock phosphate instead of soluble phosphate, mainly in higher levels of P,
when VAM is inoculated. In summary, our results demonstrate that mycotropic
plant species like pigeonpea can utilize P most efficiently from rock phosphate
in association with VAM fungi.
16. PAULINO, V.T.; COSTA, N. de L.; CARDELLI, M.A.; RODRIGUES, A.N.A.; CHAGAS,
F. das. 1992. Eficiencia de hongos micorrízicos vesículo-arbusculares y de la
fertilización fosfatada en Centrosema brasilianum (L.)Benth. Pasturas
Tropicales, 14(3):14-17.
17. PAULINO, V.T.; COSTA, N. de L.; LUCENA, M.A. de C.; SCHUNKE, R.; LOPES, R.B.
Responses of Pueraria phaseoloides to phosphated fertilization with or without
mycorrhizal inoculation. In: REUNIÃO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA, 34.,
Juiz de Fora, 1997. Anais... Juiz de Fora, SBZ, 1997, p.130-132.
3
3.2.3 Gramíneas e Leguminosas
01. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T. 1990. Efecto de micorrizas vesículo-
arbusculares en el crecimiento y la absorción de fósforo de gramíneas y
leguminosas tropicales. In: REUNIÓN DE LA RED INTERNACIONAL DE EVALUACIÓN DE
PASTOS TROPICALES - AMAZONÍA, 1., Lima, Peru, 1990. Memórias... Cali, Colombia,
CIAT. v.2, p.773-775.
3.2.4 Guaraná
01. COSTA, N. de L.; COSTA, R.S.C. da; PAULINO, V.T. 1991. Respuesta de
Paullinia cupana a la inoculación de micorrizas vesículo-arbusculares. Porto
Velho, EMBRAPA-UEPAE Porto Velho. 6p. (Comunicado Técnico, 98).
3
4. MANEJO DE FORRAJERAS DE CORTE
01. COSTA, N. de L. 1989. Efecto de la época de descanso en la producción de
forraje y composición química de Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon. Porto Velho,
EMBRAPA-UEPAE Porto Velho. 4p. (Comunicado Técnico, 83).
04. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T. 1996. Stockpiled elephant-grass cv. Cameroon
in Rondônia´s savannas. In: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TROPICAL SAVANNAS, 1.,
Brasília, 1996. Proceedings... Brasília, EMBRAPA/CPAC, p.450-453.
The effects of deferment date (February, March and April) and dates of
utilization (June, July, August and September) on the DM yield and chemical
composition of elefanth-grass cv. Cameroon were evaluated in a cutting trial
carried out at Vilhena. The data indicate the feasibility of differing grazing
of the grass during the rainy season, to provided forage for herd suplementation
in the dry season. The highest CP contents and green DM in vitro digestibility
were obtained with deferment in March or April and utilization on June. In order
to obtain greater forage yields with better quality, it is suggested that
recuperation begin in February for pasture utilization in June; deferment in
3
March for utilization in July and, deferment in April for utilization in August
and September.
05. COSTA, N. de L.; GONÇALVES, C.A. 1988. Date of deferment and utilization of
elephant-grass in Porto Velho-RO. Pasturas Tropicales, 10(2):34-37.
In 1984-86 at Porto Velho at 96.3 m alt., P. purpureum cv. Cameroon was cut on
28 Feb., 30 Mar., or 30 Apr. and stock piled until 30 June, 30 July, 30 Aug. or
30 Sep. The largest DM yields were obtained when utilization was deferred from
Feb. or Mar. and the crop was utilized in July (18.8 t/ha) or Aug. (20.9 t/ha).
The highest CP contents were obtained with deferment from the Apr. cut (6.99%).
06. COSTA, N. de L.; MAGALHÃES, J.A.; PEREIRA, R.G.A. 1990. Formación y manejo
de capineiras en Rondonia. Porto Velho, EMBRAPA-UEPAE Porto Velho. 5p.
(Comunicado Técnico, 93).
The effects of cutting frequency and stubble heigth on dry matter (DM) yields
and chemical composition of P. purpureum cv. Dwarf were evaluated under field
conditions, at Porto velho, Rondônia. DM and CP yields were increased by
unfrequent cutting, however CP contents and in vitro DM digestibility were
significantly reduced. Cutting frequency at 42 days showed to be not adequate
for dwarf elephant-grass manegement. These data indicated that cutting frequency
at 56 or 70 days, at 15 cm stubble height gave the higher yield of forage of
reasonable quality.
3
De ene. 1984-marzo 1986 se realizó un trabajo para determinar la altura de corte
más adecuada para el manejo de P. purpureum cv. Cameroon en Rondonia. Los
ensayos se efectuaron en los campos exptl. de Ariquemes, Presidente Médici y
Ouro Preto d'Oeste. Se empleó un diseño de bloques al azar con 3 repeticiones,
en el cual los tratamientos fueron las alturas de corte: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 y 30
cm sobre el nivel del suelo. Los cortes se realizarón manualmente cuando las
plantas alcanzaron una altura de 1.60-1.80 m. En Ouro Preto y Ariquemes se
observó un efecto significativo (P < 0.05) de la altura de corte en la
producción de MS, obteniéndose los mayores valores (18.3 y 19.4 t/ha) con cortes
a 10 y 20 cm en el primer municipio y con cortes de 25 y 30 cm (9.2 y 9.7 t/ha)
en el segundo. En P. Médici la altura de corte no afectó la producción de MS e
invasión de malezas. En las 3 localidades la altura de corte no afectó los
contenidos de PC del forraje.
Se investigó la mejor edad de corte (intervalos de corte de 28, 42, 56, 70, 84,
96, 112 y 126 dias) de P. purpureum cv. Cameroon en los municipios de Ariquemes,
Ouro Preto d'Oeste y Presidente Médici, durante el período ene. 1984-marzo 1986.
Las mayores producciones de MS se obtuvieron a la menor frecuencia de corte en
todas las localidades: 21.64; 15.20 y 5.98 t/ha para Ouro Preto, P. Médici y
Ariquemes, resp. Al aumentar la frecuencia de corte (28 y 42 dias), se observó
reducción en las poblaciones de P. purpureum:50 y 35; 45 y 33, y 40 y 25% de
reducción en Ouro Preto, P. Médici y Ariquemes, resp. El contenido de PC
disminuyó a medida que se redujo la frecuencia de corte. Para mantener el vigor
y la persistencia de la pastura y obtener forraje de buena calidad nutricional,
se recomienda el corte cada 70 dias en Ariquemes y P. Médici y cada 56 dias en
Ouro Preto.
4
Cameroon. Los mayores rendimientos de MS fueron obtenidos con cortes a
intervalos de 84 dias (30.73 t/ha) y a 30 cm del suelo (25.29 t/ha). Los mayores
contenidos de PC se registró con cortes a cada 42 dias (9.76 y 10.31%, resp.
para la aplicación de 0 y 30 t/ha de estierco vacuno).
4
5. MANEJO DE PASTURAS
5.1 Gramíneas
The effects of cutting frequency (42, 56 and 70 days) and stubble height (15 and
30 cm) on forage yield and chemical composition of P. guenoarum FCAP-43 were
evaluated under field conditions. DM and CP yields were increased by unfrequent
defoliation, however, CP, P, Ca and K contents were significantly (P<.05)
reduced. In relation to forage yield, cutting frequency at 42 days showed be
unadequated for grass management. These data indicated that cutting frequency at
56 or 70 days, at 30 cm stubble height, were optimal for obtain higher yields of
rich forage.
04. COSTA, N. de L.; SAIBRO, J.C. de. 1984. Nitrogen, growth stage and clipping
height effects on Paspalum guenoarum Arech. Agronomia Sulriograndense, 20(1):
33-49.
The effects of nitrogen levels (0, 100, 200 and 400 kg/ha), growth stages
(vegetative, boot and flower) and clipping heights (5 and 10 cm) on dry matter
(DM) yield, root dry weight (RDW), crude protein (CP) contents and yield and on
the tillering dynamics of P. guenoarum plants, were studied in a greenhouse
trial, from september 1982 to april 1984, in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil. There was a significant (P<.05) interaction N x growth stage x clipping
height on all variables under study. N application linearly increased DM, RDW,
CP contents and CP yields. Forage harvested at later maturity stages yielded
higher DM and RDW, while a concomitant reduction on CP content yield occurred.
Plants at the vegetative stage when clipped at 10 cm height, showed the highest
DM yields; at the boot and flower stages, best results were achieved when forage
was harvested at the 5 cm level. Clipping height did not affect forage CP
content. However, CP yield was enhanced by clipping at 5 cm height at flower
stage. Nitrogen application increased plant tillering. Frequent clipping
increased tiller production, while clipping height did not affect tillering.
4
05. COSTA, N. de L.; SAIBRO, J.C. de. 1990. Efectos de los regímenes de corte
sobre el rendimiento estacional del forraje de Paspalum guenoarum. Pesquisa
Agropecuária Brasileira, 25(9):1349-1355.
06. OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; PAIVA, P.C. de A.; ROCHA, G.P.; REZENDE, C.A.P. de;
COSTA, N. de L. l989. Forage yield, chemical composition and in vitro
digestibility of limpograss (Hermathria altissima (Poir.)Stapf & Hubbard) at
diferent growth stages. Ciência e Prática, 13(2):204-213.
This work was carried out at the experimental field of the Department of Animal
Science of the ESAL, aiming to measure the dry matter yield, the chemical
composition (crude protein and crude fiber contents) and in vitro digestibility
of limpograss (H. altissima cv. Bigalta) at four cutting ages (30, 60, 90 and 20
days). Forage was harvested at 5 cm cutting height. The growth stage affected
significantly (P < 0.05) all variables under study. An increasing in dry matter
yield and crude fiber content with plant age was observed. The crude protein and
in vitro digestibility decreased as plant age advanced. As a compromise between
dry matter yield and nutritive value it can be concluded that the adequate
growth to harvest the limpograss should be between 30 and 60 days.
4
5.2 Leguminosas
04. COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C. 1992. Effect of cutting height on the
yield and protein content of leucaena. Leucaena Research Reports, 13:6-7.
4
06. COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C. l992. Cutting height affects Cajanus
cajan yield and protein content. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research Reports,
l0:119-120.
The aim of this experiment was to compare the effect of cutting height (30, 60
and 90 cm) on DM yield and crude protein content of pigeonpea (C. cajan cv.
Red). Partial acidity correction was realized with 2.0 t/h of dolomitic lime,
applied two months before sowing. Basal fertilization was applied just below the
seeds as triple superphosphate at a rate of 22 kg of P/ha. Total biomass
production and edible forage was significantly affected by cutting height. The
data clearly indicated that forage production was reduced in direct proportion
to the severity of defoliation. For both fractions, the higher DM yields were
obtained from the highest cutting height (90 cm). For total biomass production,
it was found that cutting at 90 or 60 cm showed maximum crude protein contents;
however, cutting at 90 cm provided the higher crude protein yields. For edible
forage, cutting height did not affect crude protein contents, while crude
protein yields of the plants cut at 90 cm were significantly greater than those
cut at 30 or 60 cm. These data showed that of the cutting heights tested, 90 cm
is best for pigeonpea to maximize yield of rich forage in Porto Velho county.
07. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULA, J.R.F. de; FERNANDES, R.N.; JACQUES, A.V.A. 1985.
Productividad y manejo de Siratro. Lavoura Arrozeira, 38(356):20-22.
08. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; VEASEY, E.A.; LEÔNIDAS, F. das C. 1992.
Effect of cutting frequency on the productivity of Leucaena. Leucaena Research
Reports, l2:l4-l5.
09. COSTA, N. de L.; SAIBRO, J. C. de. 1992. Effect of cutting height and growth
stage on seasonal forage yield of alfalfa. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,
27(6):865-871.
A field trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of cutting height (5 and 10
cm) and growth stage (vegetative and flowering) on the seasonal forage yield of
alfalfa (M. sativa L. cv. Crioula), weeds, and crude protein (CP) contents and
yields of the total mixture components (alfalfa + weeds). The season
significantly (P<.05) affected forage production, being the highest DM yields
obtained during spring and summer for alfalfa, and summer and autumn for weeds.
Cutting forage at the alfalfa flowering stage at 5 cm stubble height resulted in
the highest DM yields of alfalfa and provided a better forage seasonal trends.
The DM yields of weeds were improved by the utilization at the vegetative stage
at 5 cm stubble height, except on summer when clipping at flowering stage were
more productives. In all seasons, clipping at vegetative stage, at 10 cm stubble
4
height, provided the highest CP contents. During summer and spring, clipping at
flowering stage resulted in the higher CP yields.
5.3 Mezclas
The effect of the animal on the pasture and their reverse consequence was
studied on two replicated areas of 0.27 and 0.18 ha in a grass-legume sward
established in a poorly drained soil in the Brazilian Cerrado. A. pintoi
BRA-031143 and P. atratum BRA-09610 sward were evaluated during four consecutive
years under two grazing pressure (GP). The imposeds GP affected the botanical
composition and pasture avaibility. Mean liveweight gain/animal/day under two GP
varied from 387 ± 17 g, 578 ± 68g, 697 ± 35g and 687 ± 123g between 1992/93 and
1995/96 rainy seasons. During dry season the LWG/animal/day varied from 203 ±
16g and 99 ± 36g for 1993 and 1994, respectively. The results showed the
potential of the A. pintoi/P. atratum swards for the seasonally flooded land of
the Cerrado ecosystem.
03. COSTA, N. de L.; SAIBRO, J.C. de. 1995. Effect of cutting regimes on
seasonal forage yields of alfalfa and Paspalum guenoarum Arech. in mixed
cropping. Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha, 1(1):111-117.
Under field conditions, from August 1980 to July 1983, was evaluated the effect
of the season of the year (winter, spring, summer and autumn), growth stage
(vegetative and flowering) and cutting heigth (5 and 10 cm) on the forage yield
of alfalfa (M. sativa L.), P. guenoarum Arech. and weeds, as well crude protein
concentrations and yield of the total mixture components (grass + alfalfa +
weeds). There was a significant seasonal effect on DM yield and CP contents for
all components, with the highest values being obtained during spring and summer.
Cutting forage at flowering stage, at 5 cm stubble height for alfalfa and 10 cm
for P. guenoarum, resulted in the highest DM yields and provided a better forage
seasonal trends. The DM yields of weeds were improved by the utilization at the
vegetative stage. in all seasons, clipping at vegetative stage at 10 cm stubble
height provided the highest CP concentrations. the highest CP yields were
obtained during spring with clipping at flowering stage.
4
5.4 Aplazamiento
4
composición química. Los tratamientos se dispusieron en bloques al azar con
arreglo en parcelas divididas. Las leguminosas constituyeron las parcelas
principales y las épocas de corte (30 de junio, 30 de julio, 30 de ago. y 30 de
sept.) las subparcelas. El corte inicial se realizó el 30 de abril, época
lluviosa. Los resultados mostraron que el corte de las leguminosas en abril y su
utilización posterior en ago. y sept., es un sistema de manejo adecuado para
suplementar los animales en la época seca en Rondônia. Las leguminosas más
productivas fueron C. macrocarpum CPAC-2201 y CIAT-5065, y C. acutifolium
CIAT-5568. Las épocas de utilización del forraje no afectaron su contenido de
proteína cruda.
05. COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; PAULINO, V.T. l992. Accumulation of
Cajanus cajan forage for use as dry season feed. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research
Reports, l0:123-124.
The effect of stocking delay during the rainy season on the forage yields and
chemical composition of pigeonpea (C. cajan cv. Black) in the dry season. The
trial was conducted without supplemental irrigation at the Experimental Station
of Porto Velho in CPAF-Rondônia. Annual rainfall averaging 2l00 mm was measured
from March l985 to November l986. Treatments consisted of three delay dates
(February 28, March,30, and April 30). Each main plot (delay date) was
subdivided into four dates of utilization (June, July, August and September).
Cutting was carried out manually at 50 cm stubble height. Significant variation
among delay dates and dates of utilization for edible forage accumulation was
observed. The highest DM yield was reached in the February delay (7.06 t/ha),
which was similar to the March delay (5.89 t/ha), while the lowest DM yield was
obtained in the April delay (4.62 t/ha). The dates of utilization that provided
the highest yields were September, August and July. In relation to crude protein
yields, the highest values were obtained in the February and March delays with
utilization in August or September. These results suggest the viability of
pigeonpea stocking delay during the rainy season, aiding herd supplementation in
the dry season.
06. COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; PAULINO, V.T. 1993. Effects of
pasture recuperation times on forage yields and chemical composition of
Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in Rondônia. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia, 22(3):495-50l.
An experiment was conducted with the purpose of determining the best time for
pasture recuperation and utilization of the forage accumulated of B. brizantha
cv. Marandu in Porto Velho, Rondônia. The periods of recuperation began on
February 28, March 28 and April 28 and constituted the main plots and the
utilization months (June 30, July 30, August 30 and September 30) the subplots.
The data indicate the feasibility of differing grazing during the rainy season,
to provide forage for herd supplementation in the dry season. The grass,
irrespective of differing dates, showed reductions (P<.05) in crude protein
content (CP) and of green dry matter in vitro digestibility (IVDGDM) toward tha
later utilization time. Recuperation starting in April or March and utilized in
June produced forage with better IVDGDM coeficients than those pasture starting
recuperation in February. In order to obtain greater forage yields with better
quality, it is suggested that recuperation begin in February for pasture
utilization in June or July, and in March for pasture utilization in August or
September.
07. COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C.; PAULINO, V.T. 1992. Efecto del
período de descanso sobre la producción de forraje y composición química de
Brachiaria humidicola en los cerrados de Rondônia, Brasil. In: REUNIÓN DE LA RED
INTERNACIONAL DE EVALUACIÓN DE PASTOS TROPICALES - SABANAS, 1., Brasília, 1992.
Memórias... Cali, Colombia, CIAT. p.669-673.
4
En Vilhena, Brasil, se evaluó el efecto de 3 épocas de descanso (28 de feb., 28
de marzo y 28 de abril) y 4 épocas de utilización (30 de junio, 30 de julio, 30
de ago. y 30 de sept.) en la producción y composición química del forraje de B.
humidicola. El descanso en abril con utilizaciones en junio proporcionó los
mayores contenidos de PC; sin embargo los mayores rendimientos de PC fueron
obtenidos con el descanso en feb. y utilizaciones en junio y julio. Los mayores
coeficientes de digestibilidad in vitro de la MS se registraron con el descanso
en marzo o abril y utilización en junio. Para equilibrar las producciones de MS
con la obtención de forraje con valor nutritivo razonable, se recominda el
seguinte esquema: descanso en feb. para utilizaciones en junio y julio; descanso
en abril para utilizaciones en ago. y sept.
08. LEITE, G.G.; COSTA, N. de L; GOMES, A.C. 1996. Effect of deferment dates on
forage production and quality of Brachiaria spp. genotypes in the cerrado of
Federal District of Brazil. In: REUNIÃO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA,
33., Fortaleza, 1996. Anais... Fortaleza, SBZ, p.221-223.
The effects of deferment dates at the end of growth season, and utilization
dates during dry season on forage production and quality of the new B. brizantha
BRA-002801 and B. decumbens BRA-004391 genotypes, was compared with two common
grasses B. brizantha cv. Marandu and B. ruziziensis. Forage production, percent
of dead material, CP content, and DM in vitro digestibility were evaluated in a
strip strip block design with three replications. There was no interaction
effect among deferment, utilization dates, and genotypes for all evaluated
variables. All grasses genotypes presented higher DM production when deferred in
February and March, while the new genotypes had similar productivity compared
with the cv. Marandu. B. brizantha BRA-002801 and B. decumbens BRA-004391
presented the smallest percent of dead material in July and August during the
critical stage of dry season, while the B. ruziziensis presented the highest
since July. CP content reduced in September but remained above the critical
level of 6% during the others utilization dates. The grasses presented no
significant differences in the percent of DM in vitro digestibility during
utilization dates.
4
6. FISIOLOGIA DE PLANTAS FORRAJERAS
03. COSTA, N. de L.; SAIBRO, J.C. de. 1985. Organic reserves in forage plants.
Lavoura Arrozeira, 38(358):34-37.
04. COSTA, N. de L.; SAIBRO, J.C. de; RIBOLDI, J. 1987. Seasonal trends in the
carbohydrate reserves of lucerne. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 22(1):47-54.
A field trial was carried out at Guaíba, Brazil, to evaluate the seasonal
(spring, summer and winter) changes in the total non-structural carbohydrate
(TNC) reserves in plant roots and crowns of M. sativa cv. Crioula, Hunter River
and WL-518 and 3 progenies (1/7, 2/7 and 5/12) of Crioula. Vigour of regrowth
after cutting was also evaluated. During spring and summer TNC content was
reduced for up to 14 days after cutting, and for up 42 days in winter. The
highest TNC fluctuation occurred in spring, when yields were max. The highest
TNC contents were obtained during spring and winter by Crioula (29.6 and 25.8%,
resp.). In each season, there was a significant negative correlation between
plant regrowth and TNC content. The productive and physiological performance of
5
the 1/7, 2/7 and 5/12 progenies were similar to that Crioula, while the exotic
cv. Hunter River and WL-518 performed less satisfactorily.
05. COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C. 1997. Yield and chemical composition
of Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatã at different cutting ages. In: REUNIÃO DA
SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA, 34., Juiz de Fora, 1997. Anais... Juiz de
Fora, SBZ, 1997. p.222-224.
Under field conditions, the effects of plant age on dry matter (DM) yields,
chemical composition and regrowth of P. maximum cv. Tobiatã were evaluated. DM
yields increased consistently with growth stage. The higher value were obtained
with cutting at 98 (13,9 t/ha) and 84 days (11,1 t/ha). The crude protein
contents and DM in vitro digestibility decreased as plant age. Apical meristem
removing percentage increased with age. Aftermath regrowth showed close
correlation with survival of apical meristems. These data suggest that cutting
at 42 or 56 days were optimal for obtain maximum yields of rich forage.
06. COSTA, N. de L.; SAIBRO, J.C. de. 1994. Effect of cutting regimes on
seasonal trends in the carbohydrates reserves of alfalfa and Paspalum guenoarum
in mixture. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 29(4):667-674.
07. COSTA, N. de L.; TOWNSEND, C.R.; PAULINO, V.T. 1996. Growth and chemical
composition of Axonopus scoparius in Rondônia. In: REUNIÃO DA SOCIEDADE
BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA, 33., Fortaleza, 1996. Anais... Fortaleza, SBZ, p.
289-291.
Under field conditions, in Porto Velho, Rondônia, the effects of eight plant
ages on DM yields, chemical composition and regrowth of A. scoparius were
evaluated. DM increases consistently with growth stage. Cutting at 126 (12.74 t/
ha) and 112 days (11.51 t/ha) provided higher DM yields. The CP contents and DM
in vitro digestibility decreased as plant age increased, while CP yields were
improved. Apical meristem removing percentage increased with plant age.
Aftermath regrowth showed close negative correlation with survival od apical
meristems. These data suggest that cutting at 56 to 84 days were optimal for
obtaining maximum yields of rich forage.
5
7. RECUPERACIÓN DE PASTURAS
01. COSTA, N. de L.; TOWNSEND, C.R.; MAGALHÃES, J.A.; PEREIRA, R.G. de A. 1999.
Response of degraded Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu patures to sources and
levels of phosphorus. In: REUNIÃO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA, 36.,
1999, Porto Alegre. Anais... Porto Alegre: SBZ, 3p. (CD-ROM)
02. Costa, N. de L.; THUNG, M.D.; TOWNSEND, C.R.; MOREIRA, P.; LEÔNIDAS, F. das
C. 1999. Propiedades físico-químicas del suelo bajo pasturas degradadas.
Pasturas Tropicales, 21(2):74-77.
5
04. GONÇALVES, C.A.; COSTA, N. de L.; OLIVEIRA, J.R. da C. 1990. Métodos de
renovación y manejo de pasturas en Porto Velho, Rondonia. In: REUNIÓN DE LA RED
INTERNACIONAL DE EVALUACIÓN DE PASTOS TROPICALES - AMAZONÍA. 1., Lima, Peru,
1990. Memórias... Cali, Colombia, CIAT. v.2, p.593-595.
5
8. PRODUCCIÓN ANIMAL
01. COSTA, N. de L.; MAGALHÃES, J.A.; LIMA FILHO, A.B. 1989. Efecto de la carga
animal en la ganancia de peso de ovinos en pasturas de Brachiaria humidicola en
Porto Velho, Rondonia. Porto Velho, EMBRAPA-UEPAE Porto Velho. 7p. (Comunicado
Técnico, 75).
5
uniforme, mayor valor nutritivo, mantenimiento de una composición botánica
equilibrada y mejor utilización de los otros nutrimentos del suelo.
04. COSTA, N. de L.; MAGALHÃES, J.A.; PEREIRA, R.G. de A.; CARVALHO, F.C. de.
1995. Effect of stocking rate on the productive performance of tropical lambs
grazing Andropogon gayanus cv. Planaltina. In: REUNIÃO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA
DE ZOOTECNIA, 32., Brasília, 1995. Anais... Brasília, SBZ, 1995. p.43-45.
The effect of stocking rate (6, 12 and 18 an/ha) on the productive performance
of tropical lambs, grazing A. gayanus cv. Planaltina, was evaluated at Porto
velho, Rondônia. Increasing stocking rates reduced forage yields and average
daily gain, but improved the crude protein contents of pasture. The stocking
rate of 12 an/ha was more appropriate for pasture persistence and for improving
animal performance. The utilization of 18 an/ha showed to be inapprppriate for
grass management and promoted total pasture degradation.
Entre ago. 1984 y junio 1985, se investigó el efecto de la carga animal (1.22;
1.97 y 2.81 y 0.77; 1.50 y 2.23 UA/ha en las épocas de max. y mín.
precipitación, resp.) en las ganancias de peso de animales en pastoreo de A.
gayanus cv. Planaltina. En la época de max. precipitación la mayor ganancia
diaria/animal (741 g) se obtuvo con la carga más baja, pero la mayor ganancia/ha
(1.182 g) se obtuvo con la carga intermedia; sin embargo, la menor ganancia de
peso/ha en un período de 211 dias de max. precipitación se obtuvo con la carga
baja (199.8 kg), aumentando a 261.2 y 391.2 kg con las cargas intermedia y alta,
resp. Las ganancias de peso disminuyeron significativamente en el período de
mín. precipitación, principalmente con la carga alta, pero ningún animal dejó de
ganar peso en este período. En cuanto a la ganancia prom. de peso/año, a medida
que aumentó la carga disminuyó la ganancia de peso vivo/animal (643, 493 y 395
g/animal/dia, para las cargas baja, intermedia y alta, resp.) pero aumentaron
las ganancias/ha (662, 880 y 1.064 g para las resp. cargas). La producción de MS
residual fue mayor para las cargas bajas en ambas épocas (7.16 y 3.16 t/ha,
resp.) Se concluyó que las cargas altas de 2.81 y 2.23 UA/ha en las épocas de
max. y mín. precipitación dan las mayores ganancias de peso vivo/ha.
5
REUNIÓN DE LA RED INTERNACIONAL DE EVALUACIÓN DE PASTOS TROPICALES - AMAZONÍA.
1., Lima, Peru, 1990. Memórias... Cali, Colombia, CIAT. v.2, p.1103-1108.
5
9. CONTROL DE MALEZAS
In field trials on a poor clay soil at Porto Velho in 1983-84, upland rice cv.
IAC-47 was kept weedy or weed-free throughout growth or for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50
or 60 days after sowing. Highest grain yield (2.9 t/ha) was given by hoeing at
intervals for 50 days after sowing compared with 0.9l t/ha in unweeded stands.
Frequent hoeing associated with complete weed removal caused root damage and
reduced grain yield to 2.14 t/ha. Hoeing in the first 10 days after sowing was
not beneficial. Plant height was not significantly affected by competition
although is tended to decrease with increase in duration of competition.
5
control con herbicida (picloram) se obtuvieron con A. gayanus (4.03, 4.22 y 4.88
t-ha, resp., para el primer corte y 5.85, 5.10 y 4.82 t-ha, resp., para el
segundo corte); le siguio B. humidicola sin que hubiera diferencias
estadisticamente significativas entre las 2 gramineas. La menos productiva fue
P. plicatulum. La comparacion de costos de control de malezas indico que el uso
de picloram es mas economico que el control manual de malezas. (CIAT)