INTELLIGET FOOD MANAGEMENT USING IOT

CHAPTER-01

PREAMBLE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Food is an important commodity in day to day life. Agriculture being the backbone
of our country and crop management being in the top most priority, we need to find a way
to preserve and maintain these crops or any food products from decay or perishing. In
everyday life scenarios it is estimated that nearly 20% of the food grains are destroyed
annually because of poor storage facilities. Most of the organizations all over the world such
as United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization are undergoing study of postharvest
food losses. These food losses occur mainly during the period from harvest to retail
marketing and are due to changes in physical volume or economic values, and often result in
loss of nutritional value, shorter shelf life or compromised food safety between the time of
harvest and final retail marketing.
Effective monitoring systems are needed to monitor temperature, humidity and other
environmental conditions within cold storage or warehouse has become one of the most
important field in research and development in many developing nations across the world.
Computer communication systems and internet have major role in day-to-day life. We can
monitor the system using web based access via PC or laptop.

1.2 OBJECTIVE
The project aims at creating a real-time environment monitoring system within the
warehouse which will be able to provide the user with the conditions within the warehouse
and with a remote location it can notify the user by the use of Android mobile.
In this way, one can monitor the warehouse without being present physically
there, thereby controlling the amount of food loss due to changes in physical volume (i.e.
decayed or damaged ) or economic value (i.e. quality losses), by effective monitoring of the
environmental conditions within the warehouse.
This is achieved by sending the data in the form of SMS to the user whenever he asks
for it or whenever there is a change in the conditions above the threshold level. Also, the data
is periodically being stored in the server.

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1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Global food losses have recently been documented to be in the order of 25% to 50%
of production volumes, caloric content and/or market values depending on the commodity.
A great number of organizations all over the world such as United Nations Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO) are studying this enormous problem of postharvest food
losses. Much of the developing world in general lacks access to affordable refrigeration
systems for precooling, refrigerated transport, cold storage, or freezing during postharvest
handling and distribution of perishable foods. As a consequence, developing countries tend
to lose 40 to 50% of their total production of horticultural crops, fresh fish, milk and dairy
products before consumption. These food losses occur mainly during the period from harvest
to retail marketing and are due to changes in physical volume (i.e. weight loss, decayed or
damaged and discarded foods) or economic value (i.e. quality losses due to poor appearance
or color changes), and often result in loss of nutritional value, shorter shelf life and/or
compromised food safety between the time of harvest and final retail marketing. Hence to
avert such losses technology places a very important role in the preservation of Agro and
Non-Agro food products.
Computer communication systems and especially the Internet are playing an
important role in the daily life. Using this knowledge many applications are imaginable.
Home automation, utility meters, appliances, security systems, card readers, and
building controls, which can be easily, controlled using either special front-end software
or a standard internet browser client from anywhere around the world its depend on the
clients. Web access functionality is embedded in a device to enable low cost widely
accessible and enhanced user interface functions for the device. A web server in the device
provides access to the user interface functions for the device through a device web page by
using internet. A web server can be embedded into any appliance and connected to the
Internet so the appliance can be monitored and controlled from remote places through the
browser in a desktop by using its application with normally connected to local host.

1.4 METHODOLOGY
The proposed system measures any change in the conditions, send that information
to the registered mobile via GSM and stores this information in database created using
MySQL. Also, whenever the user wants to know the current conditions within the
warehouse, he can get that information by toggling the Status button in the android app.
The temperature and humidity sensor checks for any change in temperature and
humidity within the warehouse or cold storage facility, whereas gas sensor is used to detect
gases emitting from rotting or decaying food or food products. Certain food products such
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as food grains need proper lighting facility for maintaining of their quality, hence LDR
sensors are placed at such locations. The sensors generate an output voltage with change in
their surrounding environment. These output voltages are fed to the pins of ADC unit of the
microcontroller.
The microcontroller processes the incoming voltages from the sensor depending on
the program embedded within it. The output of the microcontroller is passed to Android cell
phone via GSM. From the Android cell phone, the controlling system (Fan, LED) which are
kept at the onsite can be turned ON/OFF and the data is then send to the local server via Wi-
Fi network. A database is created using MySQL software, which maintains the data on the
local server. By accessing the database, the event logs of the system can be seen from
anywhere using the software. Java coding using Eclipse, along with Android 4.0 SDK is
utilized to create the front-end of the server. LCD is utilized to demonstrate the working of
the entire unit.

1.5 LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Ms. Anju Bharti “Examining market challenges pertaining to cold chain
in the frozen food industry in Indian retail sector” published in Bharti, Apeejay -
Journal of Management Sciences and Technology 2 (1), Feb – 2014 (ISSN -23475005).
India is a country of geographic diversities- varied soil-types, habitats, climates and
vegetations. India is a major producer of food (fruits, vegetables, wheat, pulse, milk, spices,
etc.) in the world after China. This industry is the front end of the agriculture sector, which
is a significant economic component, employing nearly 60% of the country’s population and
contributing to around 25% of India’s gross domestic product. With access to a large natural
resource base of 161 million hectares of arable land, 15 million hectares of fresh water
reservoirs, the largest livestock population in the globe and diverse agroclimatic conditions,
India is a favourable destination for growth in the food industry. The Indian food industry is
expected to reach $258 billion from the current level of $181 billion. Though India's share
in the global market is still nearly 1% only, there is increasing acceptance of horticulture
produce from the country. However, on the other side, there have been staggering losses in
the frozen food sector due to ill-equipped and weak cold chain infrastructure of the country
ensuing post post-harvest losses. However, the current scenario reveals that there is a
tremendous scope for the development of cold chain facilities. This article is an attempt to
draw the attention of the reader towards the potential as well as the challenges that exist in
the frozen food business in India.

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2. Saurav Negi and Neeraj Anand, “Issues and challenges in the supply chain
of fruits & vegetables sector in India: A Review” published in International Journal of
Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2015.
The entire supply chain of Fruits and Vegetables in India is laden with various issues
and challenges. To list the possible challenges and suggest a way forward, there is a need to
study the supply chain of Fruits and Vegetables sector in India. So the purpose of this paper
is to discuss the supply chain of fruits and vegetables sector in India and explain the issues
which are affecting it. Authors also suggested the corresponding mitigation strategies to
overcome the identified issues and challenges.
Descriptive research has been used for this study. The supply chain of Fruits and vegetables
sector has been explained and attempt has been made towards identifying the issues affecting
the supply chain of the sector. The present study undertakes a thorough review of basic and
contemporary literature available and tries to explain the factors affecting the supply chain
of Fruits and Vegetables sector in India. The literature has been divided into various themes
according to the issues in the supply chain and an investigation has been attempted to identify
various factors affecting the supply chain.

3. Shifeng Fang, Li Da Xu, Senior Member, IEEE, Yunqiang Zhu, Jiaerheng

Ahati, Huan Pei, Jianwu Yan, and Zhihui Liu “An Integrated System for Regional
Environmental Monitoring and Management based on Internet of Things” published
in IEEE Transactions on Information Informatics, Volume 10, No. 2, May 2014 .
Climate change and environmental monitoring and management have received much
attention recently, and an integrated information system (IIS) is considered highly valuable.
This paper introduces a novel IIS that combines Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing,
Geo-informatics [remote sensing (RS), geographical information system (GIS), and global
positioning system (GPS)], and e-Science for environmental monitoring and management,
with a case study on regional climate change and its ecological effects. Multi-sensors and
web services were used to collect data and other information for the perception layer; both
public net-works and private networks were used to access and transport mass data and other
information in the network layer. The key technologies and tools include real-time
operational database (RODB); extraction–transformation–loading (ETL); on-line analytical
processing (OLAP) and relational OLAP (ROLAP); naming, addressing, and profile server
(NAPS); application gateway (AG); application software for different platforms and tasks
(APPs); IoT application infrastructure (IoT-AI); GIS and eScience platforms; and
representational state transfer/Java database connectivity (RESTful/JDBC). Application
Program Interfaces (APIs) were implemented in the middleware layer of the IIS. The
application layer provides the functions of storing, organizing, processing, and sharing of
data and other information, as well as the functions of applications in environmental
monitoring and management.
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The paper shows that the research work is greatly benefited from such an IIS, not
only in data collection supported by IoT, but also in Web services and applications based on
cloud computing and e-Science platforms, and the effectiveness of monitoring processes and
decision-making can be obviously im-proved. This paper provides a prototype IIS for
environmental monitoring and management, and it also provides a new paradigm for the
future research and practice; especially in the era of big data and IoT.

CHAPTER-02

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BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS COMPONENTS

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 2.0 Block Diagram

COMPONENTS USED
1. Microcontroller – Renesas (RL5F100LE)
2. GSM Modem – SIM900
3. Temperature Sensor – LM35
4. Humidity Sensor – LM393
5. Gas Sensor – MQ2
6. LCD (16x2)
7. LDR
8. LED
9. Fan
10. Power Supply

CHAPTER-03
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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.1 HARDWARE USED
SL.NO Components Specification Quant
ity
1 RENESAS • Snooze mode 1
Microcontroller • On-chip analog
RL78 peripheral
functions
2 Gas Sensor • High sensitivity 3
MQ5 • Fast response
3 Temperature • Calibrated 3
Sensor in
LM35 Celsius
• Operates over
55oC to 150oC
4 Humidity Sensor • High precision 3
LM393 • 0.45mA supply
current
5 LED • Voltage range 3
between 2.7V
to 4.2V
• Forward
voltage 3.5V
6 LCD • Energy efficient 1
• Produce image
in monochrome
7 LDR • Max 1
voltage
200V
• Peak
wavelength
600nM

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8 GSM Modem • Compact 1

SIM900 • Dual band
900/1800MHz
• GPRS
multislot
• Controls via AT
commands
Table 3.1: Hardware Required

3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIRED

SL.NO SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

1 CUBESUITE+ • Contains necessary software for

RENESAS MCU software
development.
• Security, simplicity, ease of use in
developing software through iterative
cycle of editing, building, debugging.
• Its service is compatible with all the
environments.
2 RENESAS • Used to program the on-chip flash
Flash memory of RENESAS
microcontrollers.
Programmer
• Compatible with all the environments.
(windows 10, windows 8, windows XP
etc.)
• Can be used via E1 emulator, E2
emulator, E2 emulator lite or USB
connection.
3 MySQL • Leading database choice for web-base
applications, used by high profile web
properties because of its performance,
reliability and ease-of-use.

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• It has a distinct storage-engine

4 ECLIPSE
framework which facilitates system
administrators to configure the
MySQL database server for good
performance.
• It is an integrated development
environment (IDE) for java and other
programming languages like
C,C++,PHP and ruby and many
others.
• It supports both GUI and non-
GUIbased application development
environments.
• It runs on a wide range of operating
systems, including Windows®,
LinuxTM, Mac OS X, It supports both
GUI and non-GUI-based application
development environments.

Table 3.2: Software required

CHAPTER -04

EXPECTED OUTCOME AND PLAN OF ACTION

4.1 EXPECTED OUTCOME
1. Problem Analysis
Crops are grown all over the world and are an important commodity for life, with
proper environment and care the crops are grown in fields. These crops are nurtured and after
fully grown are plucked and stored in storage facilities. Most of the storage facilities even in
developed and developing countries there is no proper crops and food preserving facilities
available. Due to this the crops and food gets decayed and cannot be used to serve the entire
population effectively, and with this many will live with starvation.

2. Objective of the problem

With the increase in storage facilities provided by the government of any country still
it is not well maintained and the food tends to decay and is unusable due to various reasons
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such as the climatic changes, inner environment of the storage facilities, improper ventilation
provided in the storage facility and many more. In our project we are utilizing the use of
sensor technology and android application with the integration of internet, to monitor the
storage facility and also the quality of the food product and crops stored.

3. Specific outcomes
With the effective use of existing technology, we can monitor the quality of
agricultural crops and food products stored in the storage facilities like Go-downs, Cold
storages, and many more such facilities can be monitored and maintained with appropriate
temperature, humidity, quantity and can also be prevented from perishing of the crops and
food products.

4.2 PLAN OF ACTION

• 01/08/2018 – 13/08/2018
1. Discussion about team formation.
2. Search for project titles.
3. Search for IEEE papers.
4. Discuss among the group about the titles
5. Finalize the project title.
• 14/08/2018 – 27/08/2018
1. Start from scratch for new project.
2. Every group member got separate project ideas
3. Discuss among the group.
4. Plan to discuss with the guide about the project.
5. Learn JAVA programming through the training conducted by Q-Spyders during 6-7
semester vacation.
• 28/08/2018 – 10/09/2018
1. Changes to be made in the title of the project.
2. Prepare synopsis, PPT for phase 1 – 1st review.
3. Prepare for the review.
4. Preparing for TCS interview.
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CHAPTER-05

APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES

5.1 APPLICATIONS
• Used in Warehouse.
It is used in a warehouse so that it can monitor the temperature and humidity of the
environment and lets the user know the condition of the warehouse, so that there won’t be
any environmental damage of goods.
• Used in cold storage units.
In a cold storage unit different types of foods are stored for future use or for exporting,
which needs continuous monitoring of temperature and humidity or any toxic gas so that the
food won’t be spoiled. In this case our project will be of great help to monitor those
environmental changes.

5.2 ADVANTAGES
• Real time patterns of environmental conditions within warehouse.
• Decreases activity of micro-organisms
• Reduces transpiration by lessening water loss, reducing shriveling • Effective controlling
of the environmental conditions.
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• Reduces browning effect and breakage of packaging in food products.
• The changes in the system are stored in the data base which can be accessed from
anywhere.

REFERENCES
[1] Shifeng Fang, Li Da Xu, Senior Member, IEEE, Yunqiang Zhu, Jiaerheng Ahati, Huan Pei,
Jianwu Yan, and Zhihui Liu. “An Integrated System for Regional Environmental Monitoring
and Management based on Inrernet of Things” , IEEE Transactions on Information
Informatics, Volume 10, No. 2, May 2014.
[2] Qingping Chi, Hairong Yan, Chuan Zhang, Zhibo Pang, and Li Da Xu, Senior Member, IEEE.
“A Reconfigurable Smart Sensor Interface for Industrial WSN in IoT Environment”, IEEE
Transactions on Information Informatics, Volume 10, No. 2, May 2014.
[3] Ms. Anju Bharti “Examining market challenges pertaining to cold chain in the frozen food
industry in Indian retail sector”, Journal of Management Sciences and Technology 2 (1), Feb –
2014 (ISSN -2347-5005).
[4] Saurav Negi and Neeraj Anand. “Issues and challenges in the supply chain of fruits &
vegetables sector in India: A Review”, International Journal of Managing Value and Supply
Chains (IJMVSC) Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2015.
[5] Trienekens, J. and Zuurbier, P. "Quality and safety standards in the food industry, development
and challenges", International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 113 No. 1,. (2008) pp.
107-122.
[6] Moureh, J and Flick. “Airflow pattern and temperature distribution in a typical refrigerated
truck configuration loaded with pallets”, International journal of refrigeration, 27 (2004), D
(2004). 464-474.

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[7] Duan Yan-e “Design of Intelligent Agriculture Management Information System Based on
IOT”, Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation,
, Beijing, China.2016.
[8] Jianye Liu and Jiankun Yu, “Research on Development of Android Applications”, Fourth
International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems, China, 2016.

ACRONYMS
ADC - Analog-to-Digital Converter

AIX - Advanced Interactive eXecutive

CO - Carbon Monoxide

EI - External Interface

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization

GSM - Global System for Mobile

GPRS - General Packet Radio Services

GUX - Graphical User Experience

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GUI - Graphical User Interface

HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language

IDE - Integrated Development Environment

I/O - Input and Output

IOT - Internet of things

LCD - Liquid Crystal Display

LDR - Light Dependent Resistor

LED - Light Emitting Diode

LM - Linear Monolithic

LPG - Liquefied Petroleum Gas

MCU - Micro Controller Unit

MySQL - My Structured Query Language

M2M - Machine to Machine

ORACLE - Oak Ridge Automatic Computer Logical

Language
PC - Personal computer

RAM - Random Access Memory

ROM - Read Only Memory
SDK - Software Development Kit
SMS - Short Message Service

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TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol
TTL - Transistor-Transistor Logic

UART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver-

Transmitter

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