EE201P Electromechanics Lab IIT Mandi

Sumpner's back to back test on single phase transformers

Aim: To perform Sumpner's back to back test for single phase transformers

Apparatus:

1. Two Single phase auto transformers, 230 V, 50 Hz

2. Ammeter (0 - 1 A)
3. Ammeter (0 - 5 A)
4. Voltmeter (0 - 150 V)
5. Voltmeter (0 - 50/75/100/150 V)
6. Wattmeter (150 V-5 A)
7. Wattmeter (75 V - 5 A)
Theory:-
This test is conducted simultaneously on two similar  transformers to measure the trans-
formers’ temperature rise, efficiency and voltage regulation. This test is efficient since the
power required to conduct this test is equal to the total losses of both the transformers. It
might be noted that, to carry out this test, the two transformers need to be identical.

0-1A
A Transformer T1
1-φ
50Hz 150V, 5A V
230V 0-150V
AC Transformer T2

V 0-50/75V

75V, 5A

0-5A A
1-φ
50Hz
230V
AC

Fig.A. Circuit diagram of Sumpner’s back to back test.

The connection diagram of back to back test on two similar transformers named T1 and T2
is shown in fig.A. The two low voltage primaries are connected in parallel across a rated
single phase supply of 150 volts. The high voltage secondary windings are connected in
phase opposition so that at rated voltage input the net output voltage is zero. In this condi-
tion both the transformers draw only the no-load current from the supply and net power in-
put is equal to the core losses in the both the transformers. After this, voltage is injected
EE201P Electromechanics Lab IIT Mandi
from the secondary side variac till the rated current flows in the secondary. This rated cur-
rent results in the full load ohmic losses in the winding of the transformer. Secondary side
wattmeter reading shows the net ohmic losses in both the transformers.
Procedure:-
1. Make the connection as shown in the figure. A.
2. With the help of autotransformer, the rated voltage of 150 V should be applied to
the primary winding.
3. With no secondary supply and correct polarity connections, the reading of sec-
ondary voltmeter should be zero. If it is not zero, check the polarity of transformers.
4. Insert a voltage in series with the help of secondary autotransformer such that the
rated current flows in the secondary winding.
5. The readings of ammeter, wattmeter, and voltmeter are taken on the primary and
secondary side.

Observations:-

Sr. No. Primary side Secondary side

Voltage (V) Current (A) Power(W) Voltage (V) Current (A) Power (W)

Calculations:-

Precautions:-
1. Before applying the 1-phase supply, make sure of the polarity of the trans-
former windings.
2. In the secondary windings, the current should not go beyond the rated value.
Questions:
1. What is the need of Sumpner’s test when there is already SC and OC test?