Differences in Programming Languages

1st Shriya Verma 2nd Vaibhav Oberoi

st
CSE 1 Year CSE 1st Year
CO18347 CO18357

Abstract—This document deals with the model and instructions
for the various features, commands and differences in the
programming languages i.e. C, C++ and Python.Well basically
everyday we see different changes and new inventions in the
computer and tech savvy society, so it becomes important to
consider what is going on. .There are different programs for
showing the working as well as syntax of these programming
languages. Also talking about the ease and trends in the languages
we have tried to give the best possible explanation about these
languages and how they are growing in the modern society.
I. I NTRODUCTION
A. Introduction to C
C is a programming language developed by AT and T’s
Bell Laboratories of USA in 1972.It was designed and written
by Dennis Ritchie.With its evolution, it replaced the familiar
languages of the late seventies like Pl/I,ALGOL, etc. It is
reliable, simple and easy to use and understand in comparison
to the earlier found, low-level and middle-level languages.
Major parts of popular operating systems like Windows,
UNIX, Linux are still written in C because even today when
its performance is compared with other languages, nothing
beats C language and thus has an upper hand to the other
programming languages.
B. Introduction to C++
C++ is an object oriented programming language. It was
developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT and T’s Bell Laborato-
ries in Murray Hill,New Jersey, USA, in the early 1980’s. It is
a combination of two languages Simula67 and C language.In
addition to the structures in C, it brings in hte concept of lasses
and objects It is also called C with classes or the superset of C
language. As it is an object oriented programming language it
supports mainly all the features like encapsulation, abstraction,
polymorphism and inheritance. It also supports the principles
of extensibility, scalability and reusability.
applications, android applications, desktop applications and
game development.
II. S IMILARITIES
A. Some basic Similarities between C and C++
1. They have the same basic syntax.
2. Both have the same main() function from which the
execution of the program starts.
3. Both are high level languages and have mostly similar
datatypes,similar operators and keywords.
4. Both support features like looping, recursion and file
handling.
5. Both languages supports the use of pointers for referenc-
ing.
B. Similarities between C and Python
1. Both languages supports looping and file handing.
2. Both languages have mostly similar operators like arith-
metic, relational, logical and bitwise operators.
3. Both languages support typecasting and type conversion.
C. Similarities between C++ and Python
1. Both are object oriented programming languages.
2. Both languages supports looping and file handing.
3. Both languages have mostly similar operators like arith-
metic, relational, logical and bitwise operators.
4. Both languages support typecasting and type conversion.
5. Both languages are HLL and general purpose languages.

C. Introduction to Python
Python is an interpreted, high level language which is
reknown for its easy use and understandability.It was designed
by Guido von Rossum and developed by Python Software
Foundation and released in 1991. What makes it more popular
is its simple syntax, its one liners, its English like commands
and the intuitive data structure and easy portability that it
has. It is open source, cross platform and known for its
better memory management and large standard library as
compared to other languages. It is used for creating web
 III. D IFFERENCES
A. Difference between C and C++
TABLE I
C AND C++
C C++
1. It is a procedure oriented
programming language.
2. It follows top-down
approach.
3. It is a subset of C++.
4. C files have extension .c
5. It does not implement
OOPs principle.
6. It supports only pointers.
7. C is function driven
language.
8. Concept of polymor-
phism is not used in C.
9. There are no data visibil-
ity modes in C.
10. Virual functions, func-
tion overriding and friend
functions are not supported.
11. It does not support ex-
ception handling.
12. There is no standard
template library.
13.Maping is difficult.
14. Data and functions are
separarted in C.
15. It does not have names-
pace feature.
B. Difference between C and Python
1. It is an object oriented
programming language
2. It follows bottom-up
approach.
3. It is a superset of C.
4. C++ files have extension
.cpp
5. It implement OOPs prin-
ciple.
6. It supports pointers as
well pointers.
7. It is an object driven
language.
8. Concept of Polymor-
phism is used in C++.
9. C++ provides data vis-
ibility modes like private,
protected and public.
10. It supports virtual func-
tions, function overriding
and friend function.
11. It supports exception
handling.
12. It supports templates
and has a large standard
template library.
13. Mapping is easily estab-
lished in C++ using classes
and objects.
14. Data and functions are
bound together by encapsu-
lation in C++.
15. It has namespace
feature.
-
TABLE II
C AND P YTHON
C Python
1. It is a procedure oriented
and structured programming
lanuage.
2. It is a compiled language.
3. Portability and extensibil-
ity is difficult.
4. It supports pointers.
5. Files are stored with ex-
tension .c.
6. It is necessary to declare
variable type in C.
7. It has a main function
from which the execution of
the program starts.
8. Its syntax is difficult to
write and understand than
python.
9. It is much faster than
python in performance.
10. Memory management is
typical as separate standard
library functions are used
for it.
11. It is a free form lan-
guage as statements can be
written anywhere on a line.
12. It is a static language
due to the long build and
compile steps.
13. It does not support poly-
morphism.
14. Testing and debugging
is difficut in C.
15. It is mainly used for
the development of hard-
ware related applications.
1. It is an object oriented
programming language.
2. It is an interpreted lan-
guage.
3. Portability and extensibil-
ity is easy.
4. There is no pointers func-
tionality available.
5. Files are stored with ex-
tension .py.
6. There is no need to
declare variable type in
Python.
7. There is no main function
in python.
8. Its syntax is easier to
write and understand.
9. It is slower as it requires
significant CPU time.
10. Manages memory effec-
tively and efficiently.
11. It is an indentation lan-
guage as statements should
start from same indent.
12. It is a dynamic language
as its development process
is relatively easy and fast.
13. It supports polymor-
phism .
14. Testing and debugging
is easier in Python.
15. It is a general purpose
lanuage and used in
machine learning, web
development, desktop
applications and android
applications.
C. Difference between C++ and Python
TABLE III
C++ AND P YTHON
C++
1. It is a compiler dependent
language.
2. It is necessary to declare
variable type in C++.
3. Variables scope is limited
within the loops in C++.
4. It is a static language
due to the long build and
compile steps.
5. It is a free form language
as statements can be written
anywhere on a line.
6. Memory management is
typical as separate standard
library functions are used
for it.
7. Files are stored with ex-
tension .cpp.
8. It is difficult in contrast
to Python due to complex
syntax.
9. It does not support
garbage collection.
10. It is much faster than
python in performance.
11. Portability, extensibility
and readibility are difficult
than python
12. It has a main function
from which the execution of
the program starts.
13. It is not a cross-platform
language.
14. Testing and debugging
is difficut in C++.
15. It is mainly used for
the development of hard-
ware related applications
and game development.
Python
1. It is an interpreter depen-
dent language.
2. There is no need to
declare variable type in
Python.
3. Variables are accesible
even outside the loops in
Python.
4. It is a dynamic language
as its development process Fig. 1. Trends-IEEE Spectrum
is relatively easy and fast.
5. It is an indentation lan-
guage as statements should
start from same indent.
6. Manages memory effec-
tively and efficiently.
7. Files are stored with ex-
tension .py.
8. It is easier to write and
understand.
9. It supports garbage col-
lection
10. It is slower as it requires
significant CPU time.
11. Python is easily
portable, extendable and
readable.
12. There is no main func-
tion in python.
13. It is a cross-platform
language.
14. Testing and debugging
is easier in Python.
15. It is a general purpose
lanuage and used in
machine learning, web
development, desktop
applications and android
applications.
 IV. C ONCLUSION A ND B IBLIOGRAPHY E. References
A. Ease of Use And Beneficiaries 1. Let Us C by Yashwant Kanetkar,Edition 16th, BPB
Publications,2017.
C:- As far as speed and performance are considered, C 2. Object Oriented Programming By
language has an upperhand over any of the above mentioned E.Balaguruswamy,Edition7th,McGraw Hill Education,2017.
languages. In today’s world, it is the most widely used and 3. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
popular system Programming Language. 4. https://www.educba.com/python-vs-c-plus-plus/
C++:- Having a syntax not much complicated than C
language, is also benificial when it comes to features like
abstraction, polymorphism, inheritance and encapsulation.
Python:-
Simplicity, Portability, Reliability, Readability and what not
comes to the mind when Python is referred to. It is one of
the easiest and simplest programming language used by not
only beginners for simple tasks but also by developers for
web development, desktop applications, android applications,
game development,etc due to which it has also become the
fastest growing programming language because of its vast
applications in the field of computer science.

B. Authors and Affiliations

Authors:
-Shriya Verma
-Vaibhav Oberoi
Affilations:
- Chandigarh College Of Engineering And Technology

C. Headings,Figures and Tables

Programming Languages (C,C++,PYTHON)
I.INTRODUCTION
II.SIMILARITIES
III.DIFFERENCES
IV.TRENDS IN PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
V.CONCLUSION

D. Acknowledgement
This research was supported by CSE Dept. of Chandigarh
College of Engineering And Tecnology.
We thank Mr. Sarabjeet Singh, Assistant Professor,Chandigarh
College of Engineering And Technology for assistance with
letting us know the technique and methodology used in
various programming languages and for comments that greatly
improved the manuscript.
We would also like to show our gratitude to Mr.Sudhakar
Kumar,Assistant Professor,Chandigarh College of Engineering
And Technology for sharing their pearls of wisdom with us
during the course of this research, We thank our classmates and
seniors from [CSE Dept.] who provided insight and expertise
that greatly assisted the research, although they may not agree
with all of the interpretations/conclusions of this paper and
we than reviewers for their so-called insights. We are also
immensely grateful to them for their comments on an earlier
version of the manuscript, although any errors are our own and
should not tarnish the reputations of these esteemed persons.