referring to titration of HCL against the base Na2Cs the errors in technique are:

Not mixing the solution as you carry on adding the acid or alkali to the conical flask. While
the tap is open and solution is the conical flask (Na2co3) is mixing with solution in the
burrete (Hcl) make sure you have one hand (left hand if you are left handed) on the tap to
close it immediately and another hand holding the conical flask and mixing in the solution as
it goes. use your rough titre to estimate the time when you need to make burette have drops
of instead of it been running. if the solution from the burette (hcl) is not mixing properly, it will
take longer time to see the color change (pink to colorless). this is because hcl needs to be
spread through na2co3 to fully react and by not full mixing in the two solutions the color
change will be delayed this causes end point titration to be incorrect​.

overshooting the end point

this is when the indicator added changes color. in this experiment

phenolphthalein indicator is added to na2c03 to get color change of pink to
colorless. if the end point is delayed by facts such as not mixing in the
solution or not adding too much of the indicator compared to rest of the titres
the color change will also be delayed. this cause inaccurate titre effecting the
calculation of the concentration of HCL.

Parallax error of misreading the volume on the burette scale.

This error can affect your titration result hugely as this is done whole
throughout the titration. Firstly, in as the initial volume , then in the final
volume. If you don't read of at an eye level your titre value will be wrong as it is
not accurate. This will affect the mean titre, which will affect the concentration
calculation.

Task 4

There is a different type of chemical bonding. The sodium carnonates alkali

istelf is an ionic cpmpound and hydrocholhoric acid is a covalent bond.

Here is a chemical formulae for their reaction:

Nature of these bonds affects the type of reaction that takes place.
Hyfrocholoric is also a strong acid. Therefore, i will have the characteristics of
losing it hydrogen in water base solution like sodium carbonate. This means
you will have reaction where two new compounds are made, neither of them
will be a strong acid or base making a neutralization reaction.

Sodium carbonate is a base when bases are dissolved in water they are known
as alkali. Mixing acid and alkali will give you a salt because the alkali is
carbonate you will get both cabon dioxide and hydroxide, as shown in the
chemical formulate.