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by: This equation is tested against the data from this work in
Fig. 2.
V = 1.2 V, + 0.35 &$)I’*. (1) In order to confirm this applicability of eqn (4) at low
liquid flows data from Hills’ work which cover the range of
If the bubbly mass in the centre of the pipe behaves like a superficial liquid velocities from 0 to 0.25 m/set in 0.15 m
slug then its velocity can be approximated by a similar diameter pipes have also been plotted in Fig. 2 and can be
expression: seen to be consistent with the correlation.
oolw2509/&1 33M + .w
$3 1984 Pergamon Prew Ltd.
A considerable attention has been paid to the determination of The dynamic balance of stresses at the interface including the
hydrodynamic entrance length of a falling liquid fihn[l-31. This effect of surface tension may be expressed as
problem is of practical interest in the analysis of flow through the
packing and in ihe towers with the wetted-wall for distillation
and absorption, film coolers, evaporators, reactors, etc. (6)
The purpose of this work is the prediction of hydrodynamic
entrance length of a fajling liquid film as a function of physical
fory=handx>O.
properties of liquid, film thickness at the flow commencement
and angle of inchnation of a flat plate.
ANALYSIS (7)
The steady liquid motion, for llow situation illustrated in Fig. 1,
is described by the following system of Navier-Stokes and
fory=handx>O
continuity equations
,,_e i= dbldx
dx R (l+ b’)“.
while the kinematic surface condition that expresses the fact that
the free surface is a streamline is given as
The no slip condition at solid surfaces yield the following where h = h(x) is the equation of the free liquid surface.
boundary conditions On the basis of physical nature of the problem system (l)-(3)
and boundary conditions (4)-(8) may be simplified. it is clear that
u=O,v=Ofory=Oandallx (4) the entrance length L is markedly greater than the constant film
thickness h,, i.e. L/L = n 4 1. Therefore, neglecting the terms
u = 0, a = 0 for y = ha and x =S0. (5) estimated as O(n2) with respect to other terms, system (l)-(3)
166 Shorter Communications
Q = Id’u dy = const.
The eqns (9)_(10) may be integrated with respect to y if the
semiparabolic velocity distribution is assumed
which coincides with the exact solution for the laminar film of
constant thickness. It is anticipated that the initial parabolic
velocity profile at the slit outlet is re-arranged very rapidly in a
“similar” semi-parabolic profile.
Therefore eqn (9) may be transformed into the form
rr=O,u=Ofory=Oandallx (12)
u = 0, u = 0 for y = ha and x ~0 (13)
$=Ofory=handx>O (20)
(14)
By introducing the dimensionless variables
fory=handx>O 05)
.q,= 368
Fullord’s data, tram [L]
ao = 1.85
ot I I 1 , I
[‘I Cerro R. L. and Whltaker S., Chem. Engng Sci. 1971 26 785.
Faculty of Technology M. N. TEKIc* [21 Murty N. S. and Sastri V. M. K., Chem. Engng Sci. 1973 28
University of Noui Sad D, POSARAC 869.
Yugoslavia D. PETROVIi: PI Stiicheli A. and ijzisik M. N., Chem. Engng Sci. 1976 31 369.
I41 Yilmaz T. and Brauer H., Chem.-lng.-Technik 1973 45 928.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. [51 Whitaker S. and Cerro R. L., Chem. Engng Sci. 1974 29 963.