NOTES AND S E W S

WE regret to announce the redgnatiou by Sir Gn.;ton Maspero, K.C.M.G., of the

Director-Generalship of the Egyptian Servict~of Aritiqnities. The vacant position has
been offered to 11. Lacao, Director of the French Archaeological Institute a t Cairo,
whose sterling Egyptological work is well known to all students, and who is himself
a man " sympathique" in the highest degree to his brother Egyptologists. We con-
gratulate him heartily, and hope that he will accept the appoirltment.

I t is with very great regret that we have to chronicle the death, I)y d~orvning
in a lagoon hile shooting, of Mr E. R. A! rton, Archaeological Commissioner in
Ceylon. Mr Aprton, who worked for the Fund with Professor Naville and as well as
with JIr Theodore Davis a t the B P b h el-RilulGk, was the valued personal friend of
most of us, and his death, a t the early age of thirty-two, will be keenly felt by many.
The loss is great to archaeology also, for JIr Ayrton was a student of the hieroglyphs
as well as an exc:~vator of the first rank. To his .fl(tir and knorvledge, as well as to
the happy relations which he always maintained with his men, much of the remarkable
s ~ ~ c c e sofs Mr Theodore Davis's finds of royal tombs was due. His trar~sference to a
new sphere of work in Ceylon was much regretted by his colleagues, as we felt we had
lost perhaps one of the most promising of the yorlnger generation of Egyptologists.
To the Archaeological Survey of Iudia and Ceylon his loss \\.ill be as serious as it
is to us.

Professor Naville's first report of his splendid discovery a t the " Osireion" of
Abydos appears in this number of the Joztl.ncll of Egyptiun Archueology. His full
description of the remarkable " Cyclopean " building that he has discovered will
appear in the Fund Memoir wlrich will be devoted to it. Meanwhile, perusal of
his present report and examination of the fine photographs that accompany it will
shew that his discovery is not only the most importaut of its kind that has been
made since that of the X I t h Dynasty Temple a t I)&r el-bnhri ten years ago, but
also, so far as we know up to the present, will rank first of all those that have
been imade in Egypt this season. If, RS seems extreit~ely piobable, this strange
 NOTES A N D NEWS

building, with its unusual plan, is (whatever its original intention may have been)
in reality the ~ p l j v q of Abydos mentioned by Strabo, it will be almost as interesting
to classical students as to Egyptologists. The find will, most certainly, greatly
stimulate interest in tlle work of the Fund, and we do not doubt that the further
pl.osecution of tlle discovery will be suppurted as energetically as its inception has
been. For this season's work w e have to acknowledge especially the handsome support
that has been given by our Arneriaan as well as our British subscribers, and to
signalize the munificent gifts of 2600 from the Schweich Fund of the British
Academy, and of $150 from Mr Walter Morrison, that have materially aidcd to defray
its cost.

During the prugrcss of the main excavations a t Abydos, Professor Whittemore

made further exploration of t,he Ibis Cemetery, recoveri~lgsome fine mumtnies, which
will be shewn a t the exhibition in July.

The excavativns of Professor Whittemorc and Rlr Wainwright fur the Arnerican
branch of the Fund a t SawAma, near Suhag, have resulted in t h e discovery of burials
of the XVIIIth Dynasty, with many objects of that period, including a largc number
of' scarabs.

The excavations of the Graeco-Roman branch a t Antinoe have attracted con-

siderable attention owing to Mr Johnson's fortunate discovery of the oldest known
MS of Theocritus, which he describes in his Report on p. 176. This find was announced
in the Times of May 16, and scholars will be eager to know if the MS contains any
new material analogous to the new odes of Sappho, found a t Oxyrhynchus, which are
published in Oxyrhynchus X (reviewed by Sir F. G. Kenyon on p. 224). Fragments of a
new Idyll would indeed be a treasure! The Sappho fragments have been the subject
of emendations by hJr J. M. Edmonds, of Jesus College, Cambridge, published in the
Times of May 4 ; and the original editor, Professor Hunt, contributed an article on them,
with photographs, to the Illust~tcted London Nervs of May 23. Oxyrhynchus X contains
much matter of great interest. A splendid Sapphic fi-agment on p. 47 gives a description
of heaped up valuables on a ship-deck, which reminds us of the contents of a Mycenaean
or a Theban tomb : rr6hXa 8 ' i h L y p a ~ aX p d a ~tac & p P a ~ aI rrop$dpa ~ d h ar'. a4 r p d v a r r o i ~ r X *
d 0 v p P a r a 1 dpydpa 7' dvoipr8pa rror.rjpra tcrlhC+acv, " W i t h many golden bracelets and
purple robes and treasure of goodly broideries withal, and countless silver cups and
ivory." And in a fragment of Alcaeus on p. 61 is a tantalizing reference to B a p 6 h o v o T
;pug and to ' A a ~ d h o v a which
, reminds us that the poet's brother served in the armies
of Nebuchadnezzar, and might have been able to tell us a good many things that we
do not know.
H. H.

The Exhibition of Antiquities and Papyri discovered a t Oxgrhynchus and Antinoe

will be held in one of the Rooms of the Society of Antiquaries a t Burlington House
2 14 NOTES A N D N E W S
from July 13-28. Professor Naville and others will lecture during the course of the
Exhibition. The Fund shares the hospitality of the Society of Antiquaries with Professor
Garstang and the other excavators of the University of Liverpool, whose exhibition of
the most recent finds at Meroe should prove of greal interest.

The second volume of Cemeteries of Abydos, by Mr T. Eric Pect, has lately been
published by the Fund. I t deals with all the tomb-work done by the Fund a t Abydos
in the three seasons 1909-10, 1910-11, and 1911-12, with the exception of the earlier
excavations in Cemetery E ("the Mixed Cemetery"), which form part of the first
volume of the series, Cemeteries of Abydos, I , which, if not already published by the
time this note is in print, will very shortly appear. To describe so comprehensive
a volume within the compass of a short note is impossible: it may suffice to say that
it provides a description of the results of three seasons' tomb-digging in a manner
which in succinctness and clearness leaves little to be desired. The subscriber
to the Fund is given one of the largest volumes that we have lately produced,
with 127 pages of text and 30 plates. The large amount of matter is of course due
to the fact that the work of three seasons is described. The plates are reproduced
not in collot~pe,but by n~ealls of process blocks. This is advisable in the case of'
inscriptions, as the faced paper gives a sharper and clearer impression than the rougher
paper used for collotypes, though the greater beauty of the collotype picture, when
good, is not denied. A new feature in the Fund's publications is the extended use
of lirie-blocks in the text, which greatly facilitates reference to inscriptions, for which
the method has chiefly been used. We must congratulate Mr Peet on the volume,
and also his helpers, Mr T. P. Droop (of the British School a t Athens), the Hon. Robert
Trefiisis, and Messrs W. L. S. Loat and James Dixon. Mr Peet specially acknowledges
the help of Mr Droop, with whom he formerly worked on the prehistoric sites of
R'orthtml Greece, and whose association with the Fund's work in the season of 1910-11
was niost useful to us.

Dr Robert Mond's splendid work of conservation among the tombs of the Tlleban
nobles has opened out to scholars a wide field for activity in which it is but meet
that the Egypt Exploration Fund stlould have a part. D r Alarl Gardiner has arranged
to publish under the auspices of the Fund a series of volumes, edited by liimself
and Mr Normau de Garis Davies, dealing with some of the more important tombs in
the Theban r~ecropolis. The first vulume, which is to appear in the col~linga u t ~ ~ m n ,
will consist of an exhaustive publication of a cllaracteristic and beautiful tomb of
the Eighteenth Dynasty, which belonged to one Arnenemhet,, the steward of User, the
well-known vizier of Tuthmosis 111. Mrs de Uaris Davies contributes to the book
thirty-four plates of line-drawings, besides four coloured plates of' the best paintings
in the tomb; ten more half-tone plates will be devoted to the texts from the Book of
the Dead that cover the walls of the sepulchral chamber. The printed portion of the
work, for which Dr Gardiner \\rill be responsible, not only will consist of an elucidation
of the scenes and inscriptions, but also ~eillinvestigate thc meaning and purpose of
Egyptian tor~lbs in general, and of' the Theban tombs in particular; in this way the
 NOTES AND NEWS 215
first volume will serve as an introduction to the entire series. To Members and
Subscribers of the Fund the book is offered a t the price of twenty-five shillings,
payable in advance before October 1; to others, and after this date, the price will
be thirty shillings.

I n connection with the new enterprise mentioned above the attention of sub-
scribers is particularly called to the fact that a number of Mrs Daviea'e coloured
facsitniles of paintings in the Theban tombs will be visible at. the Fund's exhibition in
July. These reproductions are undoubtedly the finest that have ever been made of
similar subjects, and will be a revelation to those who have not seen the original
tombs, or have visited them only with the perfunctory haste of the tourist.

On May 4 the Hon. Secretary of the Fund delivered a lecture, illustrated with
lantern-slides, before the Cambridge Antiquarian Society in the Old Archaeological
Museum on "The Discovery and Excavation of the XIth Dynasty Temple a t DQ
el-bahri," as an illustration of the work of the Fund. The lecture was prefaced
by an account of Professor Naville's discovery of the great hall of the Osireion a t
Abydos, which is probably "Strabo's Well," and photographs of it were exhibited.
The discovery by Mr J. de M. Johnson a t Antine of a papyrus of Theocritus was also
mentioned. After the lecture Professor Ridgeway spoke, and expressed his great interest
in the identification of "Strabo's Well," which shewed how accurate the Greek writer
was: " Strabo had again turned up trumps." After a few words by the Master of
Magdalene, the meeting closed with e vote of thanks to the lecturer, moved by
Mr E. H. Minns, President of the Society.

Relief of Fox or Jackal robbing a nest;, from the Temple of Mentuhetep, DCr el-babri
(XIth Dynasty). Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge: presented by the E.E.F., 1906.

On May 18 Mr A. M. Blackman gave a lecture for the Fund on "Temple

Ritual" before a large audience in the R.ooms of the Royal Society a t Burlington
House. I u a clear and succinct manner he described the elaborate ritual employed by
the ancient Egyptians in their worship, illustrating his remarks with lantern slides.
Journ. of Egypt. Arch. I. 28
 NOTES A N D NEWS

We heartily congratulate Professor Pelrie and the British School on the fine
discovery of the XIIth Dynasty royal jewellery a t L a h ~ n ,which rivals the famous
find a t Dahshhr. Mrs Petrie describes these objects in our columns (pp. 185-6) and
they are illustrated in Plate XXIX. Professor Petrie has also described them in the
Times of May 20.

The excavations of Lord Carnarvon and Mr Howard Carter a t Thebes have been
rewarded with a great success. The lost tomb of Amenhetep I has been discovered;
it was found, as was expected, a t Dra' Abu 'I-Negga.

We have received the following note on the excavations of the University of

Liverpool a t Meroe from Mr W. J. Phythian-Adams :

Our main objective during the past season (the fifth a t Meroe) was to clear up
the North-West corner of the Royal City and to connect the buildings already unearthed
on the extreme west with the network of strects and houses which had been revealed
by previous excavations in the North-East. The results have fully justified this course
of action ; the discovery of a large public square (originally planted with an avenue
of trees), which links up the two sections of the City by offshoots to the east
and west, is of the greatest importance in determining the contemporaneity of the
houses and palaces which abut upon it. At its southern extremity, a grand staircase
led by a score of steps to the upper chambers of a spacious building, which bore
evident traces of restoration and re-construction. I n it, on the western side, was
found what is indisputably the ancient astronomical Obscrvatory of Meroe, surviving
only as a foundation chamber in the latest period of the Palace. The wider survey
of the City which this scason's work has thus made possible leads to an important
nlodification of previous dating. The main City wall, for instance, was found to
belong to tho earlier Hellenistic phase of the site, called in our scale of chronology
Middle Meroe I (about 300 B.c.) and to have enclosed an area already determined
,in general by the position of the earlier buildings with which, however, it was not
con temporary.
Outside the City itself, along its eastern side, a large walled-in enclosr~re has
been outlined for future excavations, while still further to the east, one of a continuous
chain of ruined cumuli has revealed together with large quantities of stamped and
painted pottery a confused mass of humbler dwelling-places, the homes doubtless of
the Meroitic artisans.
To the immediate south of the Temple of Ammon, the huge mounds of debris
which cover the adjoining precincts of the priesthood have been attacked and the
foundations of one building laid bare. The enclosing wall of this College has been
traced from the East gateway of the Temple to the South-East corner of the City
wall, and the vast extent and nature of the ruins thus surro~inded is an added
proof of the local importance and long duration of the Ammon worship.
The excavation of a site about two kilornetres sonth of the City has rewarded us
with the discovery of a small shrine dedicated to Hapi and Osiris (?) and surrounded
 NOTES A N D NEWS 2 17
by the chambers of its attendant ministers. At its main entrance stood two large
stelae inscribed with Meroitic characters. Both appear to be ilnpurti~nt historical
docu~tients;the larger of the two curltains 42 lines of inscription, nearly every sign
of which has been deciphered ; many words are repeated in various grammatical forms
and the value of this niaterial for further investigatioil of the language will be readily
appreciated. There seems to be no doubt that the text refers to actual contact with
tlie Hornan power, but whether with the Imperial troops in the time of Augustus
or some later organisation under Roman suzerainty is a matter for further study.
Some of the Royal names occurring in the text are already known from other
monuments of the locality.
W. J. P.-A.

Professor Steindorff has kiudly sent us the followir~gcotiimunicatio~i:

Of the work of the new Ernst von Sieglin Expedition, which excavated in
Egypt under my direction from the end of September 1913 to the end of March
of this year, I send the Jout.ncc1 of Egyptian A ~ c h n e o l o g y now simply a short
account, keeping a more detailed survey of the scientific results for a later report.
The first labour of the Expedition consisted in systematically working through
the wide spread necropoleis of tlie ancient ANTAEOPOLIS, which lie by the modern
villages of G$Q and Hamam?ye, south of AsyQt, and near the railway station of
Tema on the east bank of the Nile. Unluckily the cemeteries have been much
disturbed, since for thirty years they have been the chief object of all the tomb-
robbers of the neighbourhood. The only digging which has ever been carried on
here in a scientific manner was that of the Italian expedition under Schiaparelli
in 1005-6; but so far as I know nothing has yet been printed with regard to its
results.
The oldest graves lie in the south by Hamamiye, and belong to the time of the
earliest dynasties. Here there are also rock-tombs of the Old Kingdom, of which
two have inscriptions and reliefs, which were copied and photographed. The chief
necropolis of Antaeopolis lies further north, in the big grave-hill of G6Q. Here are
also the rock-tonibs of princes of the Middle Kingdom, of which three (those of
Wahka I, Wahka 11, and l b u ) are of a size and magnificence of plan which until
now has never been met with in the case of private tombs of this period. Fiom
the plain a broad ascending way leads up to a terrace, which was decorated with
a hall of columns or pillars; further on one passes by means of a steep kamp, cut
out of the rock, and over a bridge to an upper platform, also decorated with pillared
halls. A gate, lying on the main axis of the whole, leads into the rock-chambers
proper, which are like those of Beni Hasan. As the rock here is extraordinarily bad
and crumbling, both columns and wall-reliefs were made of a better limestone, let in.
These, however, have now almost entirely disappeared. Of the graves of the New
Kingdom most were unhappily plundered. Far more numerous are the burials of the
Graeco-Roman period. Here the bodies were interred either in great tnummiform
sarcophagi of stone or in pottery baths, and every possible kind of decoration, especially
faience amulets, was put with them.
28-2
218 NOTES A N D NEWS
The second work of the Expedition consisted in the prosecution of the exploration
of the necropolis of ANIBE in Nubia, begun in 1912. Since in 1912 the chief task
had been the working through and photograpliing of' the graves of the New Kingdom,
this time it was the cemetery of the Nubian population of the time of tlic Mid(lle
Kingdom that was examined. The whole of the graves found here belonged to Reisner's
" C-Group." We have stone circles, or one coultl alrnost better say, " stone-wreaths,"
that enclose the reti1 grave, n hich is made of bricks or stone slabs. The bodies lay
in the contracted position, with the head usually to the north, and the face turned to
the east. With them were found numerous ornaments : armbands, footrings, chains,
clay and stone vases, and clay figures of various kinds, etc. Before the stone circles,
on the eastern side, ressels for food and drink were placed, either in the sand or in
a specially prepared chapel on it. The material in pottery alone of this period is
extremely large, arid gives us a remarkable view of the ceramic art of the time.
G. S.

The April number of the Bulletiz~ of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts contains a
very interesting account by Dr Reisner of his excavations a t Kerma in Nubia, which
have yielded relics of an Egjptian garrison there under the X I I t h Dynasty, and
remains of burials of the invading " Pan-Grave" people in the Hyksos period, which
are of great importance. The excavation began a t the foot of the great mud-brick
fortress of the Micidle Kingdom, known as the Western Defiifa. Alabaster fragments
with the names of Neferkara and Pepi I proved occupation as early as the VIth
Dynasty. An inscription dated in the 33rd year of Amenemhat I11 gives the ancient
name of Kerma: i t says: "Year 33, beginning of the inundation, first day, under the
majesty of king Lamaris, Son of the Sun, Ameneml?at; list of bricks brought to the
?I..
fortress ( 2 ) which is in ' The TF'alls [of Amenernhat ..' " The brick fort, Dr Reisner
thinks, is perhaps tlte Eastern Deftifa, which was therefore probably built a t the end
of the XIIth Dynasty. Later occupation by invaders a t the time of the Hyksos is
shewn by the remains found in some ruined chambers in the Western Defiifa, "filled
with the ashes and coals of a great conflagration." Here were found many seal-
impressions of the Hgksos period, and fragmentary pots of the peculiarIy fine red-and-
black ware which was already knomn fiom the e~cavat~ions of Garstang and of Peet
a t Abydos, and is associated there with the " Pan-Grave" people.
The graves of these invaders proved the greatest surprise and gave the most
successful results of the whole excavation. The burials were c~iriouslybarbaric. " O n
a carved bed in the middle of a big circular pit the chief personage lies on his right
side with his head east. Under his head is a wooden pillow; between his legs a
sword or dagger; beside his feet cowhide sandals and an ostrich-feather fan. At his
feet is buried a ram, often wit11 ivory knobs on the tips of the horns to prevent
goring. Around the bed lie a varying number of bodies, male and female, all contracted
on the right side, head east. Among them are the pots and pans, the cosmetic jars,
the stools, and other objects. Over the whole burial is spread a great ox-hide. I t is
clear they were all buried a t oncc. The men and ~vomenround about must have been
sacrificed so that their spirits might accompany tlte chief to the other world."
 NOTES AND NEWS 219
Although the custom of devoting slaves to death at the demise of their lords,
that they might be properly attended, was certainly not unknown in early Egypt, and
may be found even as late as the XIth Dynasty a t D6r el-bahri, these burials do not seen1
Egyptian. The objects found with them, however, the furniture (of which some chair-
legs are cased in beaten gold), the head-rests, the bronze daggers with ivory and
tortoiseshell hilts, are purely Egyptian. The pottery, again, is non-Egyptian, of the
fine type alreruly mentioned as associated with the " Pan-Grave" people a t Abydos.

Pottery from Abydos of the style found by Dr Reisner at Kerma

(Peet, Crr~zetm'esof ddydos, ii, PI. XIII, XI).
Two pots from the Fund excavations of 1910 are in the British Museum (nos. 49686,
49687); see Peet, Cemet&es of Abydos, 11. P1. XIII, 11 (grave 0 4). A fine set of vases
of the same type was found by Garstang in 1907. There are some in both the
Ash~nolean and Fitzwilliam Museums. Dr Reisner has added a new form, a cup, to
the bowl which we already knew a t Abydos.
An unexpected find is that of small cut ornaments of mica, in the shape of birds
and other objects, to be sewn on to clothing. This again looks as if these people
were not Egyptians, but Nubians with a very thin veneer of Egyptian culture. Tile
" Pan-Grave " people in Egypt may well have been settlements of Nubian war-prisoners.
H. H.

I n the Milta'lungen of the German School at Athens (Ath. Mitt. 1913, p. 239 E),
Prof. v. Bissing has published a very interesting article on Egyptian Bronze and
Copper figures of the Middle Kingdom ("iigyptische Bronze- und Kupfer-figuren des
Mittleren Reichs"), 8, propos of a very fine little copper figure, previously unpublished,
in the Athens Museum. This represents a certain Hapu (2 &) and was

dedicated by his brother the goldsmith Tenena (!;TflZK&f?z).

I t is one of the finest known statuettes of its type, of which there is a speciinen
(no. 41536) in the British Museum, which is probably older. This figure has lost
its staff and base, both of which the Athens figure has preserved. The height of
the figure of Hapu is 14.5 cm., about the usual size of most figures of the class.
Prof. v. Rissing publishes fine photographs of i t and also of other works of related
type, some of which are already known. He ascribes to the end of the Micldle
Kingdom or the early XVIIIth Dynasty the well-known bronze male figure from the
Posuo Collectioii in the Louvre (PERROT-CHIPIEZ, Hist. de tArt, i. (Z'l?gypte), Fig. 436).
H. H.
220 NOTES AND NEWS
The following note on the Manchester Egyptian and Oriental Society has been
by Professor h1. A. Canney and Miss Winifred 11. Crompton, the
kindly comn~ll~licated
Secretrtricm :

The President of the hlanchester Egyptian and 0rient.al Society is Professor

Rhfs Ilavids, LL.l)., Ph.D., F.B.A. ; the other officers are the Editor and Secretary,
'l'.I\:.

Jesse Haworth, LL.D.

Professor M. A. Canney, M.A., and the Business Secretary and Treasurer, Miss Winifred
BI. Cronlpto~i(Egyptian Department, Manchester Museum). The number of members
is 108. This Society is an amalgamation of two former bodies-the "Manchester
 NOTES AND NEWS 22 1
Egyptian Association " and the " Manchester Oriental Society." The former mas
founded in 1906, cl~iefly through the efforts of Dr W. Evans Hoyle, a t that time
Director of the Manchcster Museum. Its first President was Jcsse Haworth, LLD.,
its second Mgr. Casnrtclli, Bishop of Salford, its third and last Dr G. Elliot
Smith, F.R.S. From 1909 onwards the Society issued a short Report of Proceedings
and a Bibliography of recent books on Egyptology. At every Annual Meeting Prof.
Flinders Petrie was kind enough to dcliver an address, and he always gave to the

The late Professor Hope W. Hogg.

members of the Association the privilege accorded to those of the "Egyptian Research
Students' Association," informing them through their Secretary of the course of his
excavation work each season, while it was still it1 progress.
I n addition to the annual addresses of Professor Petrie papers were communicated
to the Association, and in most m e s personally read, by, amongst others, the following
members: Mr F. L1. Griffith, Professors S. H. Capper, R. M. Burrows, H. W. Hogg,
G. Elliot Smith, W. Boyd Dawkins, Dr W. E. Hoyle and Mgr. Casartelli.
222 NOTES AND NEWS
The " Manchester Oriental Society" was formed in November 1910 by the late
Hope W. Hogg, Professor of Semitic Languages and Literatures in the University
of Manchester, he being elected the first President. At the inaugural meeting an
address was delivered by Canon C. H. W. Johns, Master of S t Ca~harine's College,
Cambridge, on " T h e Culture of the East in its Influence on the West," and a t
the following meetings papers were read by Professor Hogg, Dr Elliot Smith,
I)r J. H. Moulton, and Dr Casartelli.
I n February 1912 the Society suffered a great blow by the sad death of Professor
Hogg. This occurred whilst the first number of the Manchester Oriental Journal, the
issue of which had been one of his chief aim{ it1 founding the Society, and which 11e
edited, was btill in the press. The loss was also deeply felt by the members of the
Egyptian Association, in which also he had always shown much interest. H e was
succeeded in the Presidency vf the Oriental Society by Professor R h f s Davids.
The Jozbrnal of the hlancl~ester 0rie)ltnl Society for 1911 received its final
revision from Mr M. A. Canney, a t that time lecturer in Semitic Languages and
Literatures in the University and Secretary of the " Oriental Society," and from
Professor Elliot Smith, the Treasurer. I t contained contributionfi on "Heart and
Reins in Rlun~niification and in the Literatures of the Nearer and Farther East,"
by G . Elliot Smith, H. W. Hogg, Israel Abrahams, M. A. Canney, L. W. King,
Blgr. Casartelli, T. W. R h j s Davids, J. G. Fraser and others. Articles were also
~ u b l i s h e d on various matters by H. W. Hogg, the Rev. C. J . Ball and E. H.
Parker, conclilding with an appreciation of the late Professor Hogg by Professor
A. S. Peake.
At a joint meeting of the " Egyptian Association" and the "Oriental Society,"
held on October 14th, 1912, Professor R. M. Burrows in tlie Chair, it was decided
to amalgamate the two bodies, under the Presidency of Professor Rhgs Davids. The
title now is " Manchester Egyptian and Oriental Society." The aims are:-
(1) To discuss questions of interest with regard to the languages, history arid
archaeology of Egypt and the Orient.
(2) To help the work of the excavating Societies in any way possible.
(3) To issue, if possible, a Journal.
I t was decided that subscriptions should b e : Ordinary members, 5s. ; Journal
members, 10s. 6d.
There is a Special Publications Fund to which donations or subscriptions over and
above the minimum Journal subscription of 10s. 6d. are invited; and by means of this
fund, and the aid given by the University Press, the Journal of the Jfanchester
Egyptian and Orientccl Society, 1912-13, was published last October by the University
Press.
I n addition to abstracts of the papers read during the previous twelve months,
News from Excavators, and a Report of the Progress of the Society, it contained the
following articles :
" T h e Land of Alashiya and the Relations of Egypt and Cyprus under the Empire
(1500-1100 B.c.)." By H. R. Hall, M.A., F.S.A. (British Museum).
"Kummukh and Con~rr~agene."By L. W. King, M.A., F.S.A. (British Museum).
"A Political Crime in Ancient Egypt." By Alan H. Gardiner, D.Litt. (Reader in
Egyptology in Manchester University).
 NOTES AND NEWS 223
"Religion of the Achaernenid Kings." By the Rt. Rev. Mgr. Casartelli, M.A.,
Manchester University).
D.Litt.Or. (Lecturer it1 1ratii:tn Languages and Literat~~res,
" The Ancient History of the Near East." A Rcvicw : By thc Rcv. C. L. Bcdalc, M.A.
(Lecturer in Assyriulogy, Manchester University).
Also notes on :-
"The Word Abnt?! in Hebrew." By hlaurice H. Farbridge and M. A. Canney, M.A.
"The Rite of Circumcision." By G. Elliot Smith.
"The Earliest Attempts a t Mun~mificat~ionin Egypt." By G. Elliot Smith.
The price of the Journal is 5s. net. The Report of Proceedings of the Society
can be obtained separately for 1s. 6d. The Society also printed in October 1913
a "List of Books on Egyptology published since September 1912," price 6d. Since
the arnalgan~ation the chief speakers or conitnunicators of papers have been,-besides
Mr Jessc Hawurt11,-Professor Petrie, Professor Elliot Smith, Mr L. W. King, Mr H. R.
Hall, Dr A. H. Gardiner, Dr J. J. Marshall, Mr Louis H. Gray, Professor Lehmann-
Haupt, Professor Dickie, Mr J. A. Meeson, Mr T. E. Peet and Mr A. M. Blackman.
The Society possesses a small collection of books, rapidly increasing through
exchanges, as for instance with the Liverpool School of Archaeology, the Society
of Biblical Archaeology, the Musee Guinlet of Paris, the Universities of Upsala and
Rome, and the " U~iversitdS t Joseph" of BeirQt.
The meetings are held as a rule a t the Universit.~,and if possible in the after-
noon and evening alternately. The annual meeting is in October.

,Tourn. of Egypt. Arch. I.