Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By :
MUHAMMAD NUR DA’I
NIM. 11302020
i
DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS
STATE ISLAMIC STUDIES INSTITUTE
(STAIN) SALATIGA
Jl. Stadion 03 Phone. 0298 323706 Salatiga 50721
Website : www.stainsalatiea.ac.id E-m ail: administrasi@stainsalatiga.ac.id
Dear
The Head of State Islamic
Studies Institute of Salatiga
Consultant,
Ruwandi, S.Pd., MK
NIP. 150 301 297
n
DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS
STATE ISLAMIC STUDIES INSTITUTE
(STAIN) SALATIGA
JI. Stadion 03 Phone, 0298 323706 Salatiga 50721
Website : www.stainsalatiga.ac.id E-mail : administrasi@stainsalatiga.ac.id
STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION
Board of examiners
m
MOTTO
• Keep the spirit for fighting not fighting for the spirit.
not a solution.
IV
DEDICATION
pass, you are the only one who always stand beside me and
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises be to Allah, The Almighty, The Lord of the world, whose
blessing make it possible for the writer to realize this graduating paper entitle”
The writer cannot realize this thesis without their helps. In this occasion, he would
1. Drs. Imam Sutomo, M.Ag., the head of State Islamic Studies Institute
(STAIN) of Salatiga.
STAIN Salatiga.
3. Mr. Ruwandi, S.Pd.,M.A., who guides the writer. The one who always be
4. All lectures of State Islamic Studies Institute, especially Mr. Ruwandi, Mr.
Sa’adi, Mr. Hammam, Mr. Hanung, Mrs. Woro, Mr. Ari thank for you
sisters, who have given me a true love, cares, prayers, supports and valuable
7. These who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their supports to the writer
vi
Finally, the writer realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect and
still needs many improvements. The writer gladly accepts constructive critique
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE..................... ........................................................................................ i
ATTENTIVE COUNSELLOR.......................................................................ii
STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION..............................................................iii
MOTTO............................................................................................................ iv
DEDICATION................................................................................................v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................ vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
H. Thesis Organization....................................................... 7
A. Adverb.......................................................................... 8
viii
4. The Position of Adverbs......................................... 14
B. Adverbs of Place........................................................... 14
A. Data Analysis................................................................. 26
B. The Similarities.............................................................. 29
C. The Differences.............................................................. 30
CHAPTER V CLOSURE
A. Conclusions.................................................................... 32
B. Suggestion...................................................................... 34
ix
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
communicate thoughts and feelings.1 Based on the statement, the writer that
language has very important roles in the human lives. Language is used to
interact not only among individuals but also among groups of people in the
world.
language ) but not all of them succeed to master it. The most obvious reason is
because the learners of the foreign language are interfered by their mother
Learners tend to transfers the native language systems into that of the
foreign language. Teachers must compare between the two systems in order to
'AS. Hornby, O xford A dvan ced Learners D ictionary English, Oxford University Press,
Oxford, Third Edition, 1974, page 700.
2
problems will arise, so by comparing the foreign language systems with the
native ( first language) they will know the potential learning problems.
than that of the native language. In fact the main problems arising are not
only caused by the difficulties of the foreign language system but also from
native and the target languages. Among others are the differences between
language have to master the structure of the target language well to mistakes.
One of the mistakes that is easily to be formed is the use of adverb of place
because of the interference of the native adverb of place, the following are the
Indonesian adverbs of place in the examples above can be put in the beginning
Based on the fact above, the writer would like to study one of the
adverbs that influences the mastery of English that is the adverbs of place. The
Some reasons that encourage the writer to choose the title are as
follows:
2. What are the kind, position and function of English and Indonesian
adverbs of place?
3. What are the similarities and the differences between English and
Between English and Indonesia. The English adverbs of place are here,
there, upstairs, away, inside, down, in, out, indoors, outdoors. Whereas,
adverbs of place.
5
The writer expects, that the result of this study can be used:
1. For the writer, it can deepen his knowledge in improving English ability.
To give the clearer information, the writer would like to clarify the
1. Contrastive Analysis
compared.4
language.5
3. Adverb of Place
English adverbs are closely concerned with the verb in a sentence. The
verb describe the state of things or the activity and adverbial add
information about such things as the manner, place, time, and view of the
state or action.
P.C. Wren and H. Martin state67that adverbs of place say where some thing
peristiwa atau keadaan, (Adverbs of place are adverbs that show where an
4 Carl, James, C ontrastive Analysis, Longman, London and New York, 1980, page 3.
5 Robert, Lado, L inguistic Across Culture, The University o f Michigan Press, Michigan,
1962, page 21.
6 P.C Wren and H. Martin, High School English G ram m ar and Com position, S. Chord
and Company LTD, N ew Delhi, YO, page 100
7 Depdikbud, Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia, Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, 1991, page
298
7
The reasons for choosing the topic, the problems of the study, limitation of the
study, the objectives of the study, the significance of the study, the definition
organization.
method, the type of the research, the object of the study, the method of
the similarities and the differences between English and Indonesian adverbs of
place.
give some conclusions of the study described in the previous chapter and some
A. Adverb
classified into two kinds namely content words and function words. Content
words consist of noun, verb, adjective and adverb. These kinds of words usually
have clear meanings. Function words are sometime called structure words. They
commonly do not have clear meanings. These include preposition ( on, in, at ),
have the same forms with their corresponding adjectives, Thus the words can
The terms adverbial is used here for such simple adverbs as now,
often, well, much, too, quite; adverbs with a suffix as quickly, probably,
briefly; phrases such as now and again, two weeks ago, since two o’clock;
1 P.C Wren and H. Martin, High School English G ram m ar and Composition, S. Chord and
Company LTD, New Delhi,YO, page 100.
2 Mun Fika, et.al, C om plete English G ram m ar , Apollo, Surabaya, YO, page 115.
8
9
P.C Wren and H. Martin3 state that adverbs may be divided into the
a. Adverbs of manner
Example:
b. Adverbs of time
Adverbs of time say when something happens. Among others are today,
afterward, in June, last year, daily, weekly, before, soon, still, last.
Example :
before the adjective or adverb. Those adverbs of degree or quantity are for
Example :
d. Adverbs of frequency
Example :
e. Adverbs of place
Example:
Example :
g. Adverbs of reason
Example:
a) Manner
c) Time
4 Marcella Frank, M odern English, Practical Reference Guide, Prentice-Hall. INC, 1972,
11
d) Degree or quantifier
a) Sentence adverbs
b) Conjunctive adverbs
sentence or clauses rather than the verb alone. These adverbs show
Example:
c) Explanatory adverbs
Example :
Example :
Mun Fika et. al classify adverbs into three kinds;5 they are :
extent/degree)
a. Adverbs of manner.
b. Adverbs of time.
c. Adverbs of degree.
d. Adverbs of frequency.
e. Adverbs of place.
f. Adverbs of sentence.
speaker’s opinion.
&
Example :
Example:
Marcella Frank states7 that there are three functions of adverbs. They
are as follows :
Example :
Example :
Example :
B. Adverbs of Place
1) Single word
For example:
Here
There
a) I will go there
8 Eugene, J. Hall, Grammar for use, Oxford University Press, London, 1993, page 253.
Away
Somewhere
Everywhere
For example:
Upstairs
Inside
Outdoors
Indoors
Outside
3) Prepositional phrase
a) Ring me up at my office
Adverbs of place function to explain the place and the direction where the
activity happens.
For example:
place is at the end of clause, but when there is a descriptive style, initial
position is used.
2) Initial position
peristiwa atau keadaan.9 Adverbs of place use preposition di, ke, dari, sampai,
and pada. After those prepositions it can stand words denoting place, such as
For example:
For example:
Adverbs of place are used to answer the question jalan mana, mulai dimana,
hingga dimana.
For example:
1) Single words.
For example :
9 Depdikbud, Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia, Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, 1991, page 298.
18
2) Prepositional phrase
For example:
happens.
For example:
Based on their positions, adverbs of place have two positions. They are as
follows:
Example:
Example:
In order to get some data that are required in this study, the writer
conducted library research. The writer selected the grammatical data of various
English books which are obtained in the library and also other available sources.
In this chapter, the writer would like to explain the methodology of the
research which will be used. It consists of method used in the research, the object
of the research, the method of collecting data, and the method of analyzing data.
commonly happen.
1 Tarigan, Guntur, Pengajaran Analysis Konstrast i f Bahasa, Dikbud, Jakarta, 1989, page
5.
19
20
language.
linguistic theory.
There are two polar views on this and a range of compromise position
between them:5
a. The strong claim says that the deviant behavior of the learner is the
direct result of the transfer of the ‘habit’ of the LI into L2. Those who
error but also as a technique for predicting error. The supporters of this
b. The weak claim says that the structure of the LI provides only a partial
make this claim insist that the structure of the LI is only one of many
3 Ibid, page 50
4 Nurhadi, Tata bahasa Pendidikan, IKIP Semarang Press,Semarang, 1995, page
5 Roger T. Bell, An Introduction toapplied L in g u istic: Approachesh and Method in
Language Teaching, Bastford Academicand Education Ltd, London, 1981, page 181-182.
22
a. Predictive
b. Clarificative
c. Complementary
d. Preventive
e. Curative
problems.
reads and collects data from some books which relate with the study.
1. Data
The data of this research are English and Indonesia adverbs of place.
so, the writer takes some adverbs of place as the object of the research
Prentise-Hall. INC.
PT Gramedia.
i. Wren, P.C and H. Martin, YO, High School English Grammar, New
must determine what method used to get the data. Suharsimi Arikunto states7
that there are six method of collecting data. They are questionnaire,
method that is taken from books that have been mentioned before.
1. Descriptive Method
The writer only interprets and explains the collected data without
hypothesis9.
2. CA Method
analysis between two languages. In this research, the writer works on the
sentences.
CHAPTER IV
In this chapter, the writer would like to show the data analysis, differences
and similarities between English and Indonesia adverbs of place which have been
studied.
A. Data Analysis
After presenting the data of the research, the writer describes the main points
1) . Single words
For example:
For example:
3) . Prepositional phrases
27
a) Ring me up at my office
For example:
1) Final position
For example:
b) He wants to go there
2) Initial position
For example:
oasea on their positions, adverbs of place are divided into two; they
are as follows:
29
1) Initial position
Examples:
2) Final position
Examples:
English:
Indonesia:
2. Based on their positions both English and Indonesia adverbs of place are
English:
Indonesia:
English:
b. My room is upstairs.
Indonesia:
1. Kinds
English:
For example:
2) My mother is upstairs.
31
Indonesia:
adverbs of place,
b. Prepositional phrase
English:
1) He arrives at my house.
Indonesia:
2. Position
of place.
3. Function
of place.
CHAPTER V
A. Conclusion
taken from English and Indonesian grammar books, the writer draws some
conclusion as follows:
1. The English adverbs of place are here, there, upstairs, away, inside,
down, in, out, indoors, outdoors. Indonesian adverbs of place are di sini,
- Adverbs of time
- Adverbs of frequency
- Adverbs of place
- Adverbs of reason
32
33
an other complement
1) Kinds
a) Single word
c) Prepositional phrase
2) Functions
To explain the place and the direction where the activity happens
3) Positions
b) Initial position
1) Kinds
a) Single words
b) Prepositional phrase
2) Functions
3) Positions
place.
sentence.
condition happens.
place pronounced and written as single words which are actually phrases,
B. Suggestion
Based on the conclusion above, the writer would like to give some
suggestion for both the teachers and learners of English, especially in teaching
The teacher should give a elear explanation about the rules of usage and
the difficulties about adverbs of place faced by the students. The teachers
35
can also explain clearly the difference and similarities between English
do many exercises in older that they can use adverbs of place correctly.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Depdikbud, Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia, Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, 1992
Keraf, Gorys, Tata Bahasa Rujukan Bahasa Indonesia, P.T.Gramedia, Jakarta, 1991
Muslich, Masnur, Garis-Garis Besar Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia, Yayasan
A3, Malang, 1990
Wren, P.C. and H. Martin, High School English Grammar, S. Chand and Company
Ltd, New Delhi
DEPARTEMEN AGAMA
SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (STAIN) SALATIGA
J]. Tentara Pelajar 02 Telp.(0298) 323706,323433 Fax323433 Salatiga 50721
Website : www.stainsalatiga.ac.id E-mail adrninistrasi@9tain9alatiga.ac.id
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