Competence Framework

Emergency Services Driving Standard

Acknowledgments
The RSA would like to acknowledge the contribution that the members of the ESDS Panel have made towards the
development of this publication.

The RSA and ESDS panel would also like to acknowledge and thank The Police Foundation, Park Place, 12 Lawn
Lane, London SW8 1UD for the valuable information referenced from their publication ‘Roadcraft the Police
Driver’s Handbook’, 2007 Edition ISBN 978011702168 and 2013 Edition ISBN 9780117081871 published by The
Stationery Office (TSO) © Police Foundation copyright 2013.
ESDS - Competence Framework 1

Group version
KEY

Level 1 Fundamentals of driving in the emergency services

Level 2 Advanced driving techniques and the “Roadcraft” system of vehicle control for emergency service driving

Level 3 Emergency response driving and tactics

Level 1
Fundamentals of driving in the emergency services
Competence Role 1: Driving Laws, Rules, and Vehicle Operation

Role description: This Role is concerned with what a driver should be able to do and know before driving an emergency service vehicle

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

1.1 Driver 1. Ensures licence is Decision- Always carries a The rules governing a licence
Requirements valid making licence while driving
The benefits of a transgression free
2. Ensures driving Attention Checks own driving licence
licence is up-to- to detail behaviour against
The necessity of regular eye tests
date required standard
How to keep up-to-date with changes
3. Ensures s/he is up- Complies with
to driver requirements
to-date with driver relevant ESDS level
legislation requirements The regulations and laws relating to
exemptions under the Road Traffic Acts
4. Ensures s/he is
medically fit to Possible effects of age on driving skills
drive
Possible effects of age on reaction
5. Ensures that the times
driver is up-to-date
Rules and regulations relating to CPC
with ESDS
requirements
certification
The legal medical requirements for
HGV/PSV licence holders
Regulations and restrictions on
different driving licences
Rules relating to relevant ESDS level
How to obtain ESDS certification
The regulations and laws relating
to the fitting and use of emergency
lights and sirens
ESDS - Competence Framework 2

Competence Role 1: Driving Laws, Rules, and Vehicle Operation

Role description: This Role is concerned with what a driver should be able to do and know before driving an emergency service vehicle

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

1.2 Emergency 1. Make sure that the Decision- Complies with legal The rules relating to motor insurance
service vehicle vehicle documents making requirements
Advantages of being transgression
requirements are up-to-date
Attention to Ensures s/he is free (insurance)
2. Make sure that the detail up-to-date with
The rules relating to motor tax and
vehicle and driver vehicle legislation
exemptions
are insured
Ensures s/he is
The various methods of paying motor
3. Where applicable, up-to-date with
tax
make sure the international vehicle
vehicle has an up- legislation How to keep up-to-date with changes
to-date Road to vehicle technology
worthiness
How to carry out daily checks to
Certificate
ensure that there is proper licensing
4. Make sure that the with the appropriate valid disc(s)
vehicle is correctly displayed, and that insurance and
taxed and the tax is current test certificate are up-to-date
current
The rules relating to Certificate of
Roadworthiness
How to check dates and details of
Roadworthiness Certificate, accuracy
of Type Approval Plate and storage of
current certificates
Requirements of Vehicle Excise Duty
legislation
How to maintain appropriate vehicle
records and documentation

1.3 Vehicle 1. Ensures vehicle is Manual Routinely checks How to conduct a full security check
security kept secure dexterity vehicle of the vehicle before undertaking a
journey
2. Makes use of alarm Hazard Reports suspicious
system and/or perception activity to relevant How to check for illegal stowaways
immobiliser fitted authority
How to systematically check the
to the vehicle
Ensures personal vehicle at appropriate times during
3. Identifies items are left out of the journey
suspicious activity sight
How to ensure the outside of the
and deals with it
Parks vehicle in vehicle does not allow unauthorised
appropriately
sensible place access
How to lock and leave vehicle safely
How to use the alarm system and/or
immobiliser fitted to the vehicle
How and where to get advice and help
when security situations arise
How to choose a secure place to park
ESDS - Competence Framework 3

Competence Role 1: Driving Laws, Rules, and Vehicle Operation

Role description: This Role is concerned with what a driver should be able to do and know before driving an emergency service vehicle

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

1.4 Emergency 1. Ensures the vehicle Observation Records all vehicle RSA vehicle requirements Within a
service vehicle is roadworthy checks in range of:
Attention to How to carry out daily walk-around
maintenance appropriate way
2. Carries out correct detail checks Road
and security
inspection Makes judgements conditions
How to carry out weekly and periodic
procedures for on whether the
checks Traffic
technical checks vehicle meets safety
conditions
standards and if Where to find information on what
3. Checks and
cargo is within routine or special vehicle checks Traffic
correctly interprets
regulatory should be made controls
information from
guidelines or not
all warning systems How to arrange repairs and
Ensures vehicle has replacement of faulty parts as required
4. Checks vehicle
appropriate
condition and How to obtain a copy of the vehicle’s
equipment in case
maintenance manual
of breakdown
records
How to search the manual for relevant
Reports any vehicle
5. Carries out walk- information on the various technical
faults appropriately
around checks aspects of the vehicle: e.g. brake fluid;
windscreen washer; engine oil;
6. Carries out mid-trip
coolant; lights; climate control and
inspection checks
power steering fluid
7. Deals appropriately
How to check tyre pressures
with breakdowns
How the type of vehicle will affect
8. Checks the
handling
operation of
emergency lights How to calculate the Gross Vehicle
and sirens Weight (GVW)/Maximum Authorised
Mass (MAM)
9. Carries out checks
on special What should be stored in the vehicle
equipment, e.g. in case of breakdown
stretcher lift
The meaning of panel warning lights
10. Ensures all ancillary and gauges
equipment is safe
The routine or special vehicle checks
and secure on the
vehicle How ancillary equipment should be
secured on the vehicle
ESDS - Competence Framework 4

Competence Role 2: Control of vehicle

Role description: This Role is concerned with what a driver needs to do and know to control the emergency service vehicle before driving in
traffic or on roads with other vehicles

Topic Performance Competencies Range

Indicators (PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

2.1 Primary 1. Uses primary Hand, eye Ensures familiarity How and when to use the following Within a
controls controls in a and foot with all primary primary controls: foot and hand brakes, range of:
timely way coordination controls accelerator, clutch, gears and steering
Local and
wheel
2. Uses primary Controlled Be familiar with regional
controls without motor the characteristics ABS, EBS braking system and any ADAS/in roads
distracting movements of the vehicle’s vehicle technology
Traffic
driver from transmission
Concentration Forces affecting the vehicle – friction, conditions
control of the
gravity, momentum, aerodynamic drag
vehicle Road
and centrifugal force
gradients
3. Maintains
Gearbox ratios – e.g. four beside four,
control while
four over four etc
navigating the
vehicle Turning circles
4. Uses emergency Braking distances
service vehicle
The effects of sudden and harsh use of the
transmission
accelerator, brakes and gears
correctly
How to coordinate the use of primary
controls
The use of the transmission as described
in the vehicle manual
The causes of transmission failure
The consequences of incorrect use of
transmission

2.2 Start, stop 1. Starts the Hazard Pays close Common causes of starting problems or Within a
and park the vehicle safely perception attention to vehicle failure range of:
vehicle steering as s/he
2. Moves out from Observation Effects of starting engine on others Local and
moves off
stationary regional
Decision- How to recover from the vehicle stalling
position safely Leaves vehicle so roads
making
as not to cause How to carry out final checks once the
3. Stops the vehicle Traffic
Attention to obstruction or engine has started but before moving off
safely conditions
detail inconvenience
Parking restrictions
4. Parks the vehicle Weather
Uses appropriate
safely How to choose a safe place to park conditions
parking spaces
5. Positions The correct drill for stopping- use of
emergency mnemonic MSMM (Mirror, Signal, Mirror,
service vehicle Manoeuvre)
at incidents/
Effects of size and weight of vehicle
sites safely
The advantages of correct positioning
at incidents/sites
ESDS - Competence Framework 5

Competence Role 2: Control of vehicle

Role description: This Role is concerned with what a driver needs to do and know to control the emergency service vehicle before driving in
traffic or on roads with other vehicles

Topic Performance Competencies Range

Indicators (PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

2.3 Secondary 1. Uses secondary Hand, eye Monitors and The function of secondary controls and Within a
controls controls in a and foot responds to switches range of:
timely and coordination information from
How and when to use the various Local and
effective way instrumentation
Controlled secondary controls: e.g. windscreen wipers, regional
2. Uses secondary motor Ensures familiarity lights, front and rear demisters and climate roads
controls without movements with all available control (if available)
Traffic
distracting secondary controls
Concentration How to operate windows, doors and door conditions
driver from
locks
control of the Road
vehicle How to interpret gauges and switches on gradients
the instrument panel such as: air pressure
Weather
gauges, speedometer, various warning
conditions
lights and buzzers, on-board computer
displays, ABS failure warnings, bulb failure
warnings, gear-selection, indicators etc.

2.4 On-board 1. Makes safe and Hand, eye Monitors and The function of on-board controls and Within a
control proper use of and foot responds to switches range of:
technology vehicle control coordination information from
Where to find out about Advanced Driver Local and
and systems technology and instrumentation
Controlled Assistance Systems (ADAS) regional
systems
motor Ensures familiarity roads
The law and regulations relating to
2. Uses the movements with all available
tachograph use Traffic
tachograph to controls
Concentration conditions
keep an accurate National and international rules and
Regularly reviews
and continuous regulations on driving hours
tachograph
record of driving
readings The accepted routines and procedures for
time
using on-board communication systems
3. Makes
How different types of tachograph work
appropriate use
of on-board How and when to use GPS systems when
communication required
systems, where
fitted How to avoid being distracted by on-board
control technology and systems
How and when to use rear-view CCTV
cameras, if appropriate

2.5 Coordination 1. Reverses vehicle Hand, eye Monitors and How to reverse left and right Within a
of controls to the left safely and foot responds to range of:
How and when to reverse
when and under full coordination information from
Local and
reversing control instrumentation How to check blind spots before reversing
Controlled regional
2. Reverses vehicle motor How to stop vehicle safely in an emergency roads
to the right movements
How to use audible warning systems, Traffic
safely and under
Concentration if appropriate conditions
full control
Observation How and when to use rear-view CCTV Road
cameras, if appropriate gradients
Hazard
perception
Distance
judgement
ESDS - Competence Framework 6

Competence Role 2: Control of vehicle

Role description: This Role is concerned with what a driver needs to do and know to control the emergency service vehicle before driving in
traffic or on roads with other vehicles

Topic Performance Competencies Range

Indicators (PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

2.6 Couple and 1. Carries out safe Manual Checks to ensure Correct coupling procedure With a
uncouple a and correct dexterity vehicle is correctly range of:
Correct uncoupling procedure
trailer coupling coupled and/or
Attention to Loads
procedure uncoupled The dangers of not checking that all
detail
electrics are working and that gauges
2. Carries out safe
Manual register correct pressures in air storage
and correct
handling tanks
uncoupling
procedure Requirements related to trailer number
plates
Rules that apply to connecting and
disconnecting brake lines (3-line or 2-line
system) as well as ISO-ABS cable
Regulations and weight restrictions

2.7 Towing 1. Adjusts road Decision- Reflects on own Rules of the road. Within a
position while making driving ability range of:
Rules and regulations relating to traffic
towing
Attention to Maintains safe flow on the roads. Local and
2. Drives in the detail distance from regional
Dangers of using inappropriate lane at
correct lane parked vehicles roads
Judgement junctions.
when towing
of speed and Maintains a safe Traffic
How to choose and position vehicle in
3. Complies distance distance when conditions
correct lane.
with legal following traffic
Left and
requirements How to pass stationary vehicles,
right turns
for towing pedestrians, cyclists and other road
users with care and attention. Road
4. Adjusts speed
conditions
and gears to How to enter, cross, join roads and how
complete and when to change lanes. Urban and
manoeuvres rural roads
The dangers of tail swing to other road
safely
users when turning. Weather
conditions
Safe braking distances.
How the type of combination will affect
handling.
Regulations on licence restrictions
Vehicle towing capacity
Vehicle dynamics
ESDS - Competence Framework 7

Competence Role 3: Control in traffic situations

Role description: This Role covers how a driver should be able to make progress and control the vehicle on the road with other traffic

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

3.1 Correct road 1. Positions vehicle Hazard Reflects on own ‘Rules of the Road’ Within a
position correctly on the perception driving ability range of:
International road legislation,
straight
Distance Maintains safe where relevant Regional
2. Positions vehicle judgement distance from and
Rules and regulations relating to
correctly on bends parked vehicles national
traffic flow on the roads
and corners roads
Maintains a safety
Dangers of using inappropriate
3. Positions vehicle envelope Traffic
lane at junctions
correctly at junctions conditions
Uses slow lane
and roundabouts How to choose and position vehicle
when appropriate Left and
in correct lane
4. Positions vehicle right turns
correctly on How to pass stationary vehicles,
Road
motorways/dual pedestrians, cyclists and other
conditions
carriageways road users with due care and
attention Urban and
5. Positions vehicle
rural roads
correctly when How to enter, cross and join roads
overtaking Weather
How and when to change lanes
conditions
6. Drives in correct lane
The dangers of tail-swing to other
road users when turning
Safe braking distances

3.2 Driving safely 1. Maintains progress Decision- Reflects on own ‘Rules of the Road’ Within a
through traffic in traffic making driving ability range of:
International road legislation,
2. Passes stationary Hazard Maintains a safety where relevant Regional
vehicles only when perception envelope and
How to handle tailgaters safely
safe to do so national
Scanning Maintains a safe
allowing sufficient Safe spaces in front, behind and roads
braking distance
space Judgement of above the vehicle
Traffic
speeds, Uses defensive
3. Overtakes moving Passing stationary vehicles, conditions
distances and driving techniques
vehicles only when pedestrians, cyclists and other
space Road
safe to do so road users with due care and
conditions
attention
4. Responds
Urban and
appropriately to How to enter, cross and join roads
rural roads
being overtaken
When to give priority to other road
Weather
5. Keeps a safe distance users
conditions
from other vehicles
How and when to overtake
and road users Left and
How and when to allow other right turns
6. Merges safely into
road users to overtake
the traffic stream
Dangers of tailgating
Extra load/vehicle weight and its
effect on overtaking ability
How to merge into lanes
ESDS - Competence Framework 8

Competence Role 3: Control in traffic situations

Role description: This Role covers how a driver should be able to make progress and control the vehicle on the road with other traffic

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

3.3 Observation and 1. Makes continual Scanning Reflects on own ‘Rules of the Road’ Within a
use of mirrors observations of driving ability range of:
Observation International road legislation,
driving environment
Checks blind spots where relevant Regional
Hazard
2. Uses mirrors and frequently and
perception Importance of being aware of
blind spot checks at national
Uses scanning limited vision around vehicle due
appropriate times roads
techniques routinely to size and shape
without reminder Traffic
How to use effective scanning
conditions
techniques
Road
How to effectively use mirrors,
conditions
safety glances and observation and
make habitual use of the MSMM Urban and
routine rural roads
How to identify and compensate Weather
for blind spots conditions
Different types of mirrors – concave,
convex, Cyclops or diverging mirror

3.4 Communications 1. Remains alert to the Decision- Reflects on own ‘Rules of the Road’ Within a
signs and signals actions of other road making driving ability range of:
International road legislation,
users and responds
Quick response Ensures familiarity where relevant Regional
appropriately
with the following and
How to interpret and make use of
2. Responds modes of national
the following modes of signalling:
appropriately to communication: roads
Indicators, hand signals,
traffic signs, road indicators, hand
headlights, hazard warning lights, Traffic
markings and signals signals, headlights,
the horn, emergency vehicle conditions
hazard warning
3. Responds lighting, road signage and signals,
lights and horn Road
appropriately to road markings and warning
conditions
signals given by Thinks ahead and triangle
Gardai, Customs recognises the need Urban and
Rules governing the use of audible
Officers, School to communicate rural roads
reversing warning systems
Wardens and persons with signals to other
Weather
in charge of animals, road users How to deal appropriately with
conditions
etc road works
4. Gives signals to other How to carry out Mirror, Signal,
road users clearly Mirror, Manoeuvre procedure
and in good time
5. Uses audible warning
system when
reversing, if
appropriate
ESDS - Competence Framework 9

Competence Role 3: Control in traffic situations

Role description: This Role covers how a driver should be able to make progress and control the vehicle on the road with other traffic

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

3.5 Changing 1. Remains vigilant and Hand, eye Reflects on own ‘Rules of the Road’ Within a
direction attentive while and foot driving ability range of:
International road legislation,
changing direction coordination
Ensures familiarity where relevant Regional
2. Changes direction in Scanning with the routine of and
The correct position while
a timely and safe Mirror, Signal, national
Observation changing direction
manner Mirror, Manoeuvre roads
Hazard Effect of extra length and width
3. Uses appropriate Traffic
of vehicle
observations before perception conditions
and whilst changing How the vehicle might obstruct
Left and
direction other road users
right turns
How forces affect the vehicle
Road
handling
conditions
How to alter course with due
Urban and
regard to traffic controls, road
rural roads
signs and other road users while
yielding and progressing as Weather
appropriate conditions
Different types of junctions and
how to turn at junctions
Dangers of tail-swing to other
road users when turning

3.6 Speed and 1. Drives at speeds Hand, eye Reflects on own ‘Rules of the Road’ Within a
stability appropriate to the and foot driving ability range of:
International road legislation,
driving conditions coordination
Shows respect to where relevant Regional
2. Complies with speed Decision- other road users, and
Speed limits
restrictions making particularly national
vulnerable road How vehicle dynamics affect speed roads
3. Adjusts speed Quick response
users and stopping distances
according to weight, Traffic
Judgement
size of vehicle and Shows awareness Effect of adverse weather conditions
of speeds,
goods and loads for the safety of the conditions and the need to adjust
distances and Road
occupants and load speed
4. Manages vehicle space conditions
of the vehicle
dynamics and Possible consequences of
Awareness Urban and
stopping distances Uses defensive inappropriate speed
rural roads
driving techniques
How road conditions affect speed
Weather
and stopping distances
conditions
Speed and gear ratio
Speed limiter settings and correct
display of the speed limiter plate
Causes of skidding
Effect of speed on occupants and
loads on the vehicle
The effect of road camber on large
vehicles
The effects of vehicle dynamics and
stopping distances
ESDS - Competence Framework 10

Competence Role 4: Recognise, manage and avoid risks

Role description: This Role covers the hazards and situations a driver should be able to cope with whilst controlling the vehicle

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

4.1 Fitness to 1. Only drives an Decision- Complies with legal The regulations for the driving of
drive Emergency Service making requirements Emergency Services vehicle
vehicle when fit to do
Attention to Reflects on own The legal medical requirements for
so
personal driving abilities the various categories of vehicles
2. Recognises and welfare
The effect of alcohol and drug use
responds appropriately
on driving ability
to the effects of
fatigue, adrenaline, Causes and symptoms of being unfit
stress and other to drive
physical or
Fitness of passengers
physiological factors
that may impair
driving performance

4.2 Prepare for a 1. Selects most Route planning Reflects on own How to plan a journey, taking into Within a
journey appropriate route driving ability account such conditions which may range of:
Map reading
affect it. For example: road works;
2. Familiarises self with Plans routes to Regional
Decision- speed limits; events; diversions; re-
vehicle restrictions, taking into account and
making fuelling points and road signage
limits and clearance busy times, national
Attention to congestion and How to read maps accurately roads
3. Ensures the vehicle is
detail residential areas
clean Vehicle aspects – weight and width, Traffic
Estimation Plans journeys in height and length and ground conditions
4. Conducts pre-journey
advance clearance
checks Perception Road
Keeps up-to-date Speed limits that apply to the conditions
with traffic vehicle and the speed at which it
Urban and
information will normally travel
rural roads
Takes steps to How to carry out pre-journey checks
Weather
ensure fitness to -adjusts steering wheel, mirrors,
conditions
drive seat, safety belt and head restraint
to suit and ensures doors are fully
Keeps vehicle clean
closed
and roadworthy
International and national
Checks weather
regulations on driving hours
forecasts before
every journey The effect of diet, fatigue and stress
on driving ability
Keeps to timescales
and timetables
ESDS - Competence Framework 11

Competence Role 4: Recognise, manage and avoid risks

Role description: This Role covers the hazards and situations a driver should be able to cope with whilst controlling the vehicle

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

4.3 Identify and 1. Continually scans the Concentration Continually scans ‘Rules of the Road’ Within a
react to road and driving environment for range of:
Hazard International road legislation,
hazards environment possible hazards or
when relevant Regional
perception dangers
2. Uses forward and
Types of hazard likely to encounter
observations and Scanning Uses defensive national
on the road
anticipates what driving techniques roads
Judgement of
might happen How to identify hazards and avoid
speeds, Reflects on own Traffic
risks associated with: e.g. road
3. Identifies imminent distances and driving ability conditions
junctions; parked vehicles; cyclists
and/or potential space
and horse riders; pedestrian Road
hazards
crossings; level crossings and conditions
4. Plans actions and tramways; pedestrians;
Urban and
reacts appropriately motorcyclists or cyclists on the side
rural roads
of the road; moving up alongside
motorcyclist or cyclists before Weather
making a turn; vehicles pulling up conditions
close to yours when you want to
reverse; and in particular vulnerable
road users
How to prioritise hazards
How to drive in a way that
minimises hazards
Effective scanning techniques
Effects and causes of skidding
Awareness of vulnerable road users

4.4 Share the 1. Drives without undue Stress/anger Shows respect to How to manage and react Within a
road with hesitation management other road users, appropriately to other road users, range of:
other users particularly particularly vulnerable road users
2. Correctly judges when Decision- Regional
vulnerable road
and how to proceed making The impacts on other road users of and
users
when meeting impeding others, driving national
Hazard
oncoming traffic Does not hinder aggressively and sudden actions roads
perception
others such as braking hard
3. Maintains a safe Traffic
Scanning
driving distance Is resistant to and Defensive driving techniques conditions
Judgement of controls distractions
4. Shows consideration Separation distances and the two Road
speeds, including those from
and awareness for second rule conditions
distances and passengers
other road users
space Urban and
Reflects on own
5. Maintains composure rural roads
driving ability
when potentially
Weather
stressful events or Maintains a safety
conditions
conditions occur envelope
6. Maintains an Cooperates with
acceptable standard of other road users
driving while under
Acts decisively
pressure
ESDS - Competence Framework 12

Competence Role 4: Recognise, manage and avoid risks

Role description: This Role covers the hazards and situations a driver should be able to cope with whilst controlling the vehicle

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

4.5 Reaction to 1. Interprets other Ability to Act and react to The potential consequences of other Within a
other service vehicle lights anticipate and situations correctly road users reactions to Emergency range of:
emergency and sirens act Service vehicles
Be capable of Regional
service
2. Acts correctly and Decision advance planning How to interpret other service and
vehicles and
decisively to other making vehicle lights and sirens national
other road
service vehicle lights roads
users Attention to How others might react or be
and sirens
detail confused by multiple Emergency Traffic
3. Respects the safety of Service Vehicles conditions
Calmness
other road users
4. Cooperates with other
road users while
interpreting service
vehicle lights and
sirens

4.6 Distractions 1. Manages internal and Decision- Remains calm and The effects of internal distractions Within a
and peer external distractions making unaffected by can have on a driver range of:
pressure effectively and calmly internal and
Attention to How to deal with external Regional
external distractions
2. Deals with peer detail distractions and
pressure effectively Remains calm and national
Calmness The potential consequences of not
and calmly unaffected by peer roads
managing distractions.
pressure distractions
3. Deals with pressure Traffic
The effects that peer pressure can
from operational conditions
have on a driver
stresses effectively
How to deal with peer pressure
4. Concentrates on the
driving task in the face The potential consequences of not
of external distractions dealing correctly with peer pressure
How to deal with administrative
timeline pressures
How to manage internal and
external distractions including
pressure from passengers/ patients
ESDS - Competence Framework 13

Competence Role 4: Recognise, manage and avoid risks

Role description: This Role covers the hazards and situations a driver should be able to cope with whilst controlling the vehicle

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

4.7 Driving in 1. Makes use of weather Decision- Reflects on own Skid causation factors Within a
adverse forecasts to judge making driving ability range of:
How wind can affect the driving
weather when weather may
Evaluation performance and stability of high Regional
conditions affect driving
sided vehicles and
conditions Quick response
national
Understand the importance of spray
2. Maintains safe control Hand, eye and roads
suppression equipment on a vehicle
of the vehicle in all foot
Traffic
weather conditions coordination Stopping distances in wet or slippery
conditions
conditions
3. Adjusts driving Controlled
Road
behaviour to suit motor How weather can affect visibility
conditions
weather conditions movements
Effects of low winter sun on driving
Urban and
4. When required, uses Concentration conditions
rural roads
appropriate alternative
Effect of adverse weather on loads
route if original route
is affected by weather When to postpone journey because
conditions of adverse weather
Effects of size and weight of vehicle

4.8 Driving at 1. Maintains safe control Scanning Changes driving How to adjust driving in the dark, at Within a
night of vehicle when style to suit lighting dusk and at dawn range of:
Observation
driving at night conditions
How to use vehicle lights correctly Regional
Decision-
2. Identifies and Uses vehicle lights (interior and exterior) and
making
manages the taking other road national
How to maintain safe control of
symptoms of poor users into roads
vehicle when driving at night
night vision consideration
Traffic
3. Uses vehicle lighting Reflects on own conditions
correctly and conforms driving ability
Road
to regulations
conditions
governing the use and
fitting of any auxiliary Urban and
lamps rural roads
4. Responds Weather
appropriately to conditions
lighting from other
vehicles

4.9 Collisions and 1. Takes appropriate Decision- Assesses the How to obtain and provide Within a
emergencies action if first on the making situation calmly in information at the scene range of:
involving scene the event of an
Quick response How and when to use appropriate Regional
other road emergency
2. Follows procedures in fire extinguisher equipment and
users Calmness
event of a crash Summons assistance national
Dangers of bridge strikes
and helps casualties roads
3. Ensures vehicle is
when required How to report bridge strikes
equipped with first Traffic
aid kit Reflects on own conditions
driving ability
ESDS - Competence Framework 14

Competence Role 4: Recognise, manage and avoid risks

Role description: This Role covers the hazards and situations a driver should be able to cope with whilst controlling the vehicle

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

4.10 Collisions 1. Takes appropriate Decision- Acts promptly and Rules of the Road Within a
and action if personally making responsibly range of:
How to deal with a collision or
emergencies involved
Attention to Informs the breakdown with a minimum of risk Regional
involving
2. Ensures vehicle is personal appropriate to self and other road users and
your own
equipped with first welfare agencies national
vehicle How to contact the Emergency
aid kit roads
Manages the Services
3. Ensures vehicle stops, situation Traffic
Understand the circumstances in
remains at the professionally conditions
which emergency vehicles, e.g. a fire
incident and follows
appliance or ambulance, will not
procedures
stop
4. Takes appropriate
How to maintain control with tyre
action regarding
failure
Passengers/patients
and Cargo How to deal with brake failure
How to carry out emergency braking

4.11 Breakdowns 1. Follows procedures Decision- Acts promptly and Rules of the Road Within a
in event of vehicle making responsibly range of:
Procedures for using breakdown
breaking down
Attention to Informs the equipment Regional
2. Takes appropriate personal appropriate and
How to use breakdown equipment
action regarding welfare agencies national
passengers and cargo How to deal with passengers and roads
Manages the
in event of breakdown cargo in event of breakdown
situation Traffic
3. Uses breakdown professionally conditions
equipment in an
effective way

4.12 Health and 1. Wears appropriate
Safety personal protective
safety equipment and
clothing
2. Handles loads safely
3. Gets in and out of cab
safely and correctly
4. Ensures s/he is not
suffering from fatigue
Hazard Prevents physical Health and safety risks at work
perception risks to self and (other than driving risks) – slips and
others trips, being struck by moving
Decision-
objects, falls, manual handling
making Follows handling
procedures Ergonomic principles
Reflects on own National rules and regulations
driving ability regarding health and safety at work
Good techniques for lifting
Good techniques for pushing and
pulling
Movements and postures which
pose a health or safety risk to an
individual
How to use handling and lifting
equipment
Effects of being fatigued on driving
ability
Dangers of being fatigued
ESDS - Competence Framework 15

Competence Role 4: Recognise, manage and avoid risks

Role description: This Role covers the hazards and situations a driver should be able to cope with whilst controlling the vehicle

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

4.13 Loads 1. Ensures loads (goods/ Manual Displays plates and Different types of load and how they Within a
ancillary equipment dexterity markings on vehicle affect driving performance – for range of:
and / or passengers) to identify example, metal loads, timber loads,
Decision- Traffic
are securely stowed dangerous or loose bulk loads, palletised loads,
making conditions
hazardous loads high loads (this list is not
2. Ensures that loads are
exhaustive) Road
within weight and size Checks own
conditions
limits for the vehicle licensing restrictions How to calculate payload and gross
to carry different axle weight Weather
3. Ensures loads are
types of loads conditions
evenly distributed Consequences of overloading an
Reflects on own axle
4. Complies with
driving ability
regulations relating to Fire procedures for carriage of
transport of hazardous dangerous or flammable goods
loads
Own licensing restrictions to carry
5. Carries out specific different types of loads
requirements for
Have due regard for safety, stability,
transporting livestock
and manufacturers guidelines and
legal limits of the vehicle
Forces that may cause the load to
become detached from the vehicle
What paperwork and documentation
relating to the load needs to be
carried in the vehicle
The need for ADR certification for
particular load types
The vehicle weight / passenger
number rules and regulations
(where applicable)
The risks of not checking the fitness
and welfare of passengers
ESDS - Competence Framework 16

Competence Role 5: Driving in a social context

Role description: This Role covers the social and environmental aspects of driving

Topic Performance Indicators (PIs) Competencies Range

Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

5.1 Environmental 1. Uses vehicle controls Hand, eye and Uses eco- How to reduce fuel consumption Within a
impact of efficiently foot coordination driving range of:
Eco-driving techniques
driving techniques
2. Covers bulky loads with Controlled motor Regional and
Familiarity with environmental
sheets to reduce wind Movements national
issues
resistance roads
Concentration
Safe driving principles should not
3. Avoids the need to Traffic
Decision-making conflict with eco-driving principles
make up time conditions
Planning Remove excess weight from vehicle
4. Uses appropriate gear Road
when not needed
and avoids over revving conditions
in low gears How misuse of the primary controls
Urban and
can impact on the environment
5. Drives in an appropriate rural roads
way to prevent physical The importance of vehicle
Weather
damage to road maintenance for the environment
conditions
furniture, verges etc
6. Avoids rapid
acceleration or heavy
braking
7. Keeps vehicle
well-maintained

5.2 Eco-friendly 1. Understands how Decision-making How to determine and select the
vehicles different modes of most eco-friendly mode of transport
Research
transport affect the for particular journeys
environment
Where to obtain information on
2. Knows how vehicles eco-friendly modes of transport
differ in their fuel
Where to get information on
economy and emission
eco-friendly vehicles
rates
The advantages and disadvantages
3. Understands how the
of different vehicles
choice of fuel can affect
fuel economy and Alternative fuels
emission rates
The affect of in-vehicle systems on
fuel consumption
ESDS - Competence Framework 17

Competence Role 5: Driving in a social context

Role description: This Role covers the social and environmental aspects of driving

Topic Performance Indicators (PIs) Competencies Range

Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

5.3 Socially 1. Shows consideration Attention to Shows respect Rules for reducing vehicle noise Within a
responsible for other road users detail to other such as use of horn and over range of:
driving road users, revving
2. Considers effects of Road
particularly
engine noise on other Effects of turbulence or buffeting conditions
vulnerable road
road users and the caused by vehicle when passing
users Traffic
community pedestrians, horse riders, cyclists,
conditions
motorcyclists, cars, cars towing
3. Considers effects of the
caravans, trucks and buses Traffic
use of the horn and
controls
lights on other road Human, material and financial
users and the consequences of road collisions Other road
community users
Driver CPC requirements if
4. Adopts behaviour to applicable Urban and
help enhance the image rural roads
Ways in which use of vehicle can
of the profession
impact on other road users and
5. Engages in Driver CPC members of the community
requirements where
applicable
ESDS - Competence Framework 18

Level 2
Advanced driving techniques and the “Roadcraft” system
of vehicle control for emergency service driving
Competencies required in addition to those at Level 1
Competence Role 2: Advanced control of vehicle

Role description: This Role is concerned with what a driver needs to do and know relating to advanced driving techniques and the application
of the ‘Roadcraft’ system of vehicle control in emergency service driving

Topic Performance Indicators (PIs) Competencies Range

Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

2.1 Roadcraft 1. Uses observations Concentration Responds to How to use scanning techniques Within a
system of throughout all phases of situations as range of:
Takes information, uses information
vehicle the system of vehicle they arise
and gives information to other road Regional and
control control by taking, using
users national
and giving information.
roads
How to react to hazards
2. Correctly positions
Traffic
vehicle to pass hazards How correct position, speed, gear and
conditions
safely and smoothly acceleration will allow time to react
to potential dangers Road
3. Adjusts speed so that
conditions
manoeuvres are Specific circumstances in which
completed safely in the brake/gear overlap should be used Urban and
conditions rural roads
How to plan the vehicle control
4. Engages appropriate approach to use for different Weather
gear for speed and circumstances conditions
circumstances
How to position hands when steering
5. Applies correct degree in different situations
of acceleration to
How to use the accelerator in order to
negotiate and leave
avoid unnecessary braking, optimise
hazard safely while
tyre grip, minimise wheel spin,
maintaining speed and
maintain constant speeds round
stability
bends, for engine braking and to
6. Uses appropriate minimise jerkiness
steering techniques
The effects of harsh braking on vehicle
during very low or high
control, particularly on corners and
speed manoeuvres
bends
How to use cadence braking to
increase steering control when
braking
What is the correct gear to be in for
different speed and traffic situations,
how to overlap the use of gears and
brakes for negotiating tight turns and
how to engage a chosen gear without
going through intermediate gears
ESDS - Competence Framework 19

Competence Role 2: Advanced control of vehicle

Role description: This Role is concerned with what a driver needs to do and know relating to advanced driving techniques and the application
of the ‘Roadcraft’ system of vehicle control in emergency service driving

Topic Performance Indicators (PIs) Competencies Range

Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

2.2 Vehicle 1. Understands the causes Decision- Respond to How a skid may occur Within a
stability using of skidding and how to making situations as range of:
The causes of skidding
the Roadcraft minimise the risk of they arise
Attention to Regional and
system of same How to minimise the risk of skidding
detail national
vehicle
2. Understands the The active safety features that help roads
control Concentration
working and limitations stability and what they can’t do
Traffic
of ADAS systems
The risk involved in a skid conditions
3. Knows how to correct
How to correct a skid in a vehicle with Road
skidding
no ADAS conditions
4. Understands the effects
How to deal with adverse weather, Urban and
of driving in adverse
poor road surfaces in relation to the rural roads
weather and various
potential to skid
road surfaces Weather
Understand the working and conditions
5. Drives appropriately
limitations of ADAS systems
when conditions are
conducive to skidding Understand the effects of driving in
adverse weather, various road
surfaces and water

2.3 Use and 1. Thinks ahead and uses
interpretation signals to communicate
of driving effectively with other
signals as set road users
out in
2. Correctly interprets
Roadcraft
signals from others
indicating that they are
aware of your presence
3. Acts upon signals only
when certain of the
awareness of other road
users
Decision- Ensures Rules of the Road
making familiarity with
The purpose of signals
all the modes of
Quick response
communication: The range of signals and when and
indicators, hand where to use them
signals,
How to avoid confusion in giving and
headlights, and
interpreting signals
horn
How courtesy signals help road safety
and positive driving attitudes
How to assess and improve the skill
of using signals
ESDS - Competence Framework 20

Competence Role 3: Advanced control in traffic situations

Role description: This Role is concerned with what a driver needs to do and know relating to advanced control in traffic situations and the
application of the ‘Roadcraft’ system of vehicle control while making progress on the road

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge &
Understanding

3.1 Roadcraft 1. Correctly positions the Hazard perception Maintains a safe position How to position the Within a
system of vehicle when following vehicle on the road for range of:
Judgement of Positions vehicle so to
advantageous other vehicles safety
speed and maximise safety, the Regional and
positioning
2. Correctly positions the distance view, and maintain How to look for hazards national
vehicle when stability on the nearside of the roads
overtaking road
Traffic
3. Correctly positions the How to improve nearside conditions
vehicle to negotiate a view
Road
right-hand corner
The best position for conditions
4. Correctly positions the following another vehicle
Urban and
vehicle to negotiate a
How to position vehicle to rural roads
left-hand corner
left side of the road space
Weather
5. Correctly positions the when negotiating a right-
conditions
vehicle to obtain the hand bend
best view for the
How to position vehicle
situation
towards the centre line
6. Adopts the best road when negotiating a left-
position in relation to hand bend
the existing road and
traffic conditions

3.2 Roadcraft 1. Adopts road position Hazard perception Maintains a safe position The best position for Within a
system of taking into account the bends and corners range of:
Judgement of Positions vehicle so to
cornering direction of the bend
speed and maximise safety, the The principles of Regional and
and any potential
distance view, and maintain cornering national
hazards.
stability roads
The forces involved in
2. Adjust speed before
cornering Traffic
entering corner using
conditions
limit point analysis The factors which affect
the vehicle’s ability to Road
3. Select gear to match
corner conditions
speed before entering
the bend How to use the limit Urban and
point to judge speed rural roads
4. Applies the correct
degree of acceleration How to use the system of Weather
to maintain a constant car control for cornering conditions
road speed through
the curve

3.3 Roadcraft 1. Positions vehicle to Hazard perception Maintains safe position How to overtake safely Within a
system of gain best view of the as per Roadcraft range of:
Judgement of How to overtake moving
overtaking and road ahead
speed and Positions vehicle so to vehicles Roads with
planning
2. Adjusts speed in order distance maximise safety, the multi-lane
How to deal with special
to overtake view, and maintain carriageways
hazards
stability
3. Select appropriate gear Traffic
The main considerations
for overtaking conditions
before overtaking
4. Applies appropriate Road
How to help other drivers
degree of acceleration conditions
that are overtaking
5. Applies the correct Weather
degree of restraint at conditions
all times
ESDS - Competence Framework 21

Competence Role 3: Advanced control in traffic situations

Role description: This Role is concerned with what a driver needs to do and know relating to advanced control in traffic situations and the
application of the ‘Roadcraft’ system of vehicle control while making progress on the road

Topic Performance Indicators Competencies Range

(PIs)
Skills Behaviours Knowledge &
Understanding

3.4 Roadcraft 1. Ensure you are in the Hazard perception Maintains a safe position How to join and leave Within a
system of correct position at the motorways, dual range of:
Judgement of Positions vehicle so as to
multi-lane correct speed and in carriageways and multi-
speed and maximise safety, the Roads with
roads the correct gear to lane carriageways
distance view, and maintain multi-lane
accelerate onto the
stability The special features on carriageways
carriageway safely and
motorways, dual carriage
smoothly Extends observation in Traffic
ways and multi-lane
all directions and to the conditions
2. Adopts the correct carriageways.
road horizons
lane for existing road Road
How to drive safely on
and traffic conditions Anticipates how the road conditions
motorways, dual carriage
situation will develop
3. Ensure you are in the ways and multi-lane Weather
correct position at the Maintains a high level of carriageways conditions
correct speed and in concentration
How to deal with specific
the correct gear for
hazards on motorways,
exiting a multi-lane
dual carriage ways and
road
multi-lane carriageways
4. Adjusts speed
appropriately for the
type of road and re-
adjust as required
subject to road and
traffic conditions
ESDS - Competence Framework 22

Competence Role 4: Recognise, manage and avoid risks

Role description: This Role covers the hazards and situations a driver should be able to cope with whilst controlling the vehicle

Topic Performance Indicators (PIs) Competencies Range

Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

4.1 Control of 1. Gives priority to public safety Self-awareness Remains calm and How mental skills can help Within a
attitudes and controlled driving performance. range of:
2. Uses calm, considerate and Empathy
behaviour
professional manner at all How to recognise and Regional and
Decision-making
times counter unhelpful attitudes national
and emotions roads
3. Controls the tendency to
personalise events and other How to behave in a Traffic
peoples’ behaviour professional manner and conditions
avoid ‘red mist’
Road
The effects of operational conditions
driving stress on driving
Urban and
performance
rural roads
How self-assessment can
Weather
improve driving
conditions

4.2 Physical and 1. Recognises physical
physiological conditions or changes that
factors may impair judgement,
performance or decision-
making
2. Responds appropriately to
physical condition
3. Recognises physiological
factors that may impair
judgement, performance or
decision-making
4. Responds appropriately to
the effects of physiological
factors
Self-awareness Remains calm and The symptoms of fatigue,
controlled adrenaline, stress and other
Decision-making
physical or physiological
Is polite in dealing
factors
with other road
users The effects on judgement,
performance and decision-
making of physical or
physiological factors
How to counteract signs of
physical or physiological
impairment

4.3 Intelligent 1. Accurately judges the speed Decision-making Multi-tasking How mental skills can help Within a
use of speed and distance of own vehicle driving performance. range of:
Concentration Shows Alertness
and other vehicles
and attention The vehicles characteristics Regional and
2. Drives at a speed, while distribution and why they are vital for national
making progress, safe driving roads
Shows Awareness
appropriate to the
Traffic
circumstances and within Anticipates and
conditions
the driver’s competence plans
Road
3. Exercises restraint in driving Makes
conditions
speed while progressing judgements
through traffic Urban and
rural roads
Weather
conditions
ESDS - Competence Framework 23

Competence Role 4: Recognise, manage and avoid risks

Role description: This Role covers the hazards and situations a driver should be able to cope with whilst controlling the vehicle

Topic Performance Indicators (PIs) Competencies Range

Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

4.4 Roadcraft 1. Uses observations to Decision-making Shows Why good anticipation is Within a
system of continually scan the road anticipation vital to better driving range of:
Concentration
observation ahead to ensure early
How careful observations Regional and
and recognition of hazards
contributes to anticipation national
anticipation Makes
2. Uses clues to anticipate the roads
techniques adjustments How to use observations to
likely behaviour of other
smoothly and make a driving plan. Traffic
road users and changes in
steadily conditions
road and traffic conditions How to improve observations
and anticipation by, for Road
3. Anticipates imminent and
example, using observation conditions
prevailing hazards
links
Urban and
4. Prioritises where there are
How to adapt to: rural roads
multiple hazards
driving at speed Weather
5. Reacts to identified hazards
conditions
night conditions
weather conditions
road surfaces
How to make the best use of
road signs and markings
Understand how to
implement driving plans
by anticipating hazards,
prioritising and deciding
what to do
How to make active
decisions and react
appropriately under all
circumstances

4.5 Dynamic risk 1. Continuously assesses risk in Decision-making Adapts driving as How to recognise the risks Within a
assessment rapidly changing necessary associated with changing range of:
circumstances circumstances
Regional and
2. Reacts appropriately to How to apply the system national
observed changes in of vehicle control when roads
circumstances responding to changing
Traffic
circumstances
conditions
Road
conditions
Urban and
rural roads
Weather
conditions
ESDS - Competence Framework 24

Level 3
Emergency response driving and tactics
Competencies required in addition to those needed at levels 1 and 2.
Competence Role 1: Driving Laws, Rules, and Vehicle Operations

Role description: This role is concerned with what a driver is able to do and know before driving in an emergency response situation

Topic Performance Indicators (PIs) Competencies Range

Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

1.1 Vehicle 1. Adapts emergency Decision-making Ensures The limitations associated with In a range of
suitability/ response according to familiarity with vehicle characteristics and how emergency
Quick response
characteristics the characteristics and vehicle these affect emergency response response
limitations of the characteristics situations
How the effectiveness of vehicle
emergency vehicle
Evaluates the warning equipment might affect
2. Adapts emergency implications of the emergency response
response according to vehicle and
the nature and equipment
effectiveness of the characteristics
emergency warning
equipment

1.2 Use of 1. Adapts use of warning Decision-making Ensures The regulations and laws In a range of
emergency equipment to the familiarity with relating to the fitting and use of emergency
Analysis
warning response situation warning emergency lights and sirens response
equipment equipment situations
2. Adheres to all legal How to interpret other service
requirements vehicle lights and sirens
3. Correctly decides when How to use warning equipment
warning equipment
When to use emergency lights
should not be used in a
response situation When to use emergency sirens
4. Correctly interprets and The effect of weather and
responds to other environment on the
service vehicles’ lights effectiveness of warning
and sirens in multiple equipment
emergency vehicle
How others might react or be
situations
confused by multiple Emergency
Service vehicles
ESDS - Competence Framework 25

Competence Role 3: Control in traffic situations

Role description: This Role covers how a driver should be able to make progress and control the vehicle on the road with other traffic while
driving in an emergency response situation

Topic Performance Indicators (PIs) Competencies Range

Skills Behaviours Knowledge & Understanding

3.1 Advanced 1. Identifies relevant Decision- Adapts driving How to use observations to make In a range of
observation information and clues as making behaviour as a driving plan. emergency
and early as possible necessary response
Hazard How to improve observations and
anticipation situations
2. From information gathered perception anticipation by, for example, using
techniques
correctly anticipates how observation links
Judgement of
the driving situation will
speed and How to make the best use of road
develop
distance signs and markings
3. Reacts appropriately to
How to implement driving plans by
changes in the driving
anticipating hazards, prioritising
situation
and deciding what to do
4. Formulates flexible driving
How to make active decisions and
plans for dealing with
react appropriately under all
anticipated situations
circumstances

3.2 Progress 1. Makes safe and appropriate Decision- Multi-tasks How to overtake safely In a range of
and progress when using making effectively emergency
How to overtake moving vehicles
restraint warning equipment response
Shows
How to deal with special hazards situations
2. Makes safe and appropriate Alertness and
progress while availing of good attention The main considerations before
any exemptions distribution overtaking
3. Demonstrates appropriate Shows How to help other drivers that are
emergency driving tactics Awareness overtaking
and positioning when using
Anticipates and How to apply emergency driving
warning equipment
plans tactics

3.3 Legal 1. Correctly justifies reasons to Decision- Checks own The legal exemptions In a range of
Exemptions avail of legal exemptions making driving emergency
Understands duty of care
behaviour response
2. Exercises restraint and
The regulations and laws relating situations
demonstrates Duty of Care Ensures driver
to the fitting and use of emergency
while availing of legal is up-to-date
lights and sirens
exemptions with legislation
3. Adheres to legal
requirements relating to
emergency response driving
ESDS - Competence Framework 26

Competence Role 4: Recognise, manage and avoid risks

Role description: This Role covers the hazards and situations a driver should be able to cope with whilst controlling the vehicle in an
emergency response situation

Topic Performance Indicators (PIs) Competencies Range

Skills Behaviours Knowledge &

Understanding

4.1 Emergency plans 1. Plans emergency route giving Decision- Multi-tasking How to plan a route In a range of
and routes regard to safety, distance, making emergency
Anticipates and How and when to adjust an
road, weather, traffic and any response
Concentration plans emergency response route
anticipated hazards situations
Observation
2. Dynamically adjusts route
when necessary Hazard
perception

4.2 Need for 1. Decides whether an Decision- Shows restraint How to make active In a range of
emergency emergency response is making when necessary decisions and react emergency
response justified and proportionate appropriately under all response
Concentration
circumstances situations
2. Takes responsibility and is
accountable for the decision Circumstances under which
to undertake an emergency emergency response is
response justified, accountable and
proportionate
3. Decides whether an
emergency response needs
to be maintained

4.3 Dynamic risk 1. Continuously assesses risk in Decision- Adapts driving How to recognise the risks In a range of
assessment rapidly changing making as necessary associated with changing emergency
circumstances circumstances response
situations
2. Reacts appropriately to How to apply the system
observed changes in of vehicle control when
circumstances responding to changing
circumstances
ESDS - Competence Framework 27
ESDS - Competence Framework 28
Údarás Um Shábháilteacht Ar Bhóithre
Road Safety Authority

Páirc Ghnó Ghleann na Muaidhe, Cnoc an tSabhaircín,

Bóthar Bhaile Átha Cliath, Béal an Átha, Co. Mhaigh Eo.

Moy Valley Business Park, Primrose Hill,

Dublin Road, Ballina, Co. Mayo.

locall: 1890 40 60 40 tel: (096) 25 000

fax: (096) 78 290
email: esds@rsa.ie
website: www.rsa.ie/esds

Version 3. October 2018