SUMMARIUM Commentattones RD. Lose, A Reexuminatios of the Sothie Chroualony of Baypt Ti, Savin, Les les atteibués A in Adee Neith dans certains des ‘Tentes dea Cereals = ss A. Sratiwene, Hsorhaddon and Hgypt: An Analysis of the Pst Tnvelon of Beypt eee nce tse ae eae A. Dorwet, Hymne au die Numuida avec pritre en faveur de ‘Saigiem de Tate es 1 R. Fosvan, Wladom and the Gots i Anclent Mesopotamia. GP, pk Mowe, Maiblluwa, Konig won Mira. A. Sma Haun, Proatic eqourria HE Queue, Tin alles botireehes Pragment dee Jakobusbeeles WP. Heid, Rope 452) (Tal BLM ves Animadversiones A. Ranwwas, Bin Relcf der Nachemameselt (Tab. XLI0) ML. A Pouret, Jm, Graphie Calteria for Dating inthe Old Babylo- ‘an Petod a tnee tees Jo, Stgsox, Reflections on au Unusual Practice Reported in ARM xa ° toe x 1, Serre, Acklmeniaach-clamich Benne ss > : M, Danton, A p Conversive in Uguslle a IR. Kénene, Zar Hunsin-Biographie de Tha abs Usa |W. Rozaac, Tobinger Atlas dea Vorderen Ovients - . . « : J. Inctasr, Deux eoloqaes wut Te ddclresent dey dertures « - 13. tnceave, Thin Intemational Colloquia on Acgeen (Slefield, 15-194.1979) ve ns (ne J. Tactase, Colloque: «Tas synendteme dans les vliglons de Vant- ‘ites (Hesangom, 22-20101078) 2. : G, Bancen, Jourides Interationales U'Etedes Méeoitiqoes, ine sesoe, Parl, 10-137. 1978, a (Cont pon rth tei-a74 275.204 295-206 00-807 08-405 4os-s10, rer) us nae a7 nano ian 9 608 Esarhaddon and Rgypt: An Analysis of the First Invasion of Réypt () Anthony Seauincen ~ Jamaioa, N.Y. ‘Most studies on the socalled “Third Intermediate Period” in Raypt hhave dealt with the internal aspects of that country, concentrating, on the local dynasties ofthe Deiteas well as the troublesome Kushites tothe south ‘Asa result, the foreign policies of both Egypt and Assyria during the seventh century a. have heen left rather wstouched except whe asalysing the military campeigns of Ksachaddoa i 671 n.c, and his son Assucbanipal in 650/8 nc, and 604)9 m.c,*. Here a detailed analysis of the fist of these Snvasions, that of Rearhaddon, will be attempted. We shall moreover ‘undertake a detailed study of ll the Assysian sourees which relate to activ ity fa Rgypt and hence also use references from the inscriptions of Asst Danipal when the latter throw welcome light upon events in the reign of hs tather*. Vinally, the Kgyptan evidence itself wil be used ia an effort So pet ei ot he Amen 2c gt as se soups th Sea tl rhs i Ar acetal SE Sa teal as aoa ea eee Hetitote a aN bncietincte td OE ean Ee Tada we Pan fata ora acoso SIRO Lee a alld tacts ele, ISA sae et opoue wearin Cay a cee 7a a Salle te Pope cca ately lites guide AM ie Pte tae ag Aad algal oe Ba hogar tating, it tiet athe ah fi ue ye Ae eb fete ene tage NY aS a gt SSPSuanalie fh Ge Wallner bheemenee Se ieee =e SLAVES REPRE Sees For the reg of Haarhaddon the documents have buch conveniently as- sembled and taadited tyr me ep ete ee eat Fc ee ee ps ies Sa a a aa Sen ers a, oi rt tt Rep wae ae oe sens Sra Se ete, ba hte he dre200 A Spallnger to analyse the effect of Assyrian intervention in Reypt *. Since this study will be at times fairy detailed, #t was thought best to deal first with the ‘conciform evidence and thea turn 10 the hieroglyphic documents, The Assyrian documents: a brief analysis “None of the inscriptions of Ksarhaddon are arranged chronologically ns, for example, those of Sasgon or Scnaacherib. xcept for one prism, xeveh D, whichis seranged by fald and not by gira, all of our documents can be properly considered not to be “annals” in the strict sense at all "The fist major dated inscription is AKur A which was waitten down in G79 nue. I relates the building activity of Esurhaddon in his capital land doce not at all aid xs historically. ‘The easiest of the “full” historical Alocumnents ia Nineveh G which can be fixed at 677 mc. (the eponym of ‘Abiram) ”. Unfortonately Hitle remains of this inscription and it shall be iguoced.. ‘The fst important historical prism which is of some use to us fn that of the year 676 n., the so-called "Heidel Prism” (Prism B)*. Wait ten down after Hsarhaddan's fairs ia Arsa, Sidon, and Tyre, this text ‘begin withthe last major campaign of the Assyrian monarch against Ab- ‘imslltl of Sidon and the destruction ofthat city followed by the building ff the “port of Esarhaddon”, Kar-Hsarhaddon, with the help of the local tlers of Phoenici. Also ia this year another composition was written. published” In Kalba, i i very fragmentary and appears to have bees reedited by the Assyrian seribes four years later (Kalbu A of Borges); it fs of tle use fous, however". Thrce years later two further prisns were ee asad phot tm tpt TMDL iat kab cen tea Me a Facrant publ sa ins oft nl ‘abe round Faeee rec ipl und ison aurick Monige Sect safemrh’ totrtanipae (ee 839), Hepkon, 2 Peni of ewe ? (cae [sy tape Behe 22 Pea nme (Pare i) Tana casings be eee cad an Goa es nee! 18) es Oe eaten the pers texts See Oppentei od Pritchned, ave Hn er eo yb al ANAT eee cote seedy of Olpetad ielgroshy Qlonet RELY cote tat his Pris 8 of Beartaddon wow label es Pest A we ree TE Ee references shove ip note 1 2 Boge Priam D, ace Borger, Die Pascrifen, 28 1 ones La “datd eke eponyn of JE Adad-satos. Por these pata gut ak Updo NEA bs Phony me) Td 1 Ade icy al nso 12980 9-7 Yat ok aaa to Bee a SEB ON Pesstm) Note tial AV @821 (aC HOt ‘ellefed bys uaa faut a 46-48 in not posallled by either Aor C Meta pay 29 (061) 17 Rearhnddon snd Reypt 7 composed —Niniveh A and Niniveh C (the latter is unfortunately brakes) oth of them supplement Prism B with some notable additions and natu- rally add to the afairs of the succeeding years, Nineveh A, known from the complete text published by RC. Thompson, is our last great historical prism which is intact. Both it and Nineveh C omit the fighting between, Figypt and Assyria ¢. 674 2. in which Assyria was the loser (sce pp. S01 ‘below). In 672p.c. the Kalbu A prism was completed ". It is essentially 1 redoing ofits connterpart in 676 9.c. (the "Heidel Prism”), As with B, ‘the Sidon afar is out of place chronologically, preceding the attack son Arsa (see T 15:16). Nineveh Hand Nineveh D were the lst two historicat inscriptions of any merit to be issued #, Arranged by pala, the Inter (3 very fragmentary but does parallel E for the most part. Borger has raised the question whether the campaign against Egypt was covered as it ob- viously was in (Borger §28- col. IC 1-28), Inany ene, since that cam alga took place in 671 p.c., both H and D must be dated to either that year or the following one. "So must the monuments of Zesjiet (Sam'al) ‘and Nahe el Kolb. They both cover the frst Assyrian campsign in Egypt, albeit in somewhat diferent ways (ste Past III below) 1n addition to the above texts there are other doeiments in cuneiform ‘hich shed light upon Esarhaddon's poticy in the west. ‘The Babylonian Chronicle is complete for there years and coupled with the so-called “"sar- hhaddon Chronicle” a very interesting lst of tere statements concerning the affairs of the king of Assyria ean be observed; bad as well a good facts are recorded (a are occurrence is the ancient world), We shall also have cceasion to use the “Questions to the Sungod", to Shamash, of Hsarhaddon, among which uot afew deal with Rsarhaddos's queries to his deity eoncera- ing his campaigns ageinst Hgypt™, Wrom a few letters written by his advisor, both secular and religions, the afterffects of this campaigning ean be de ‘There also may be indications that the rising Borger, $20. 279066 a 83 Rid | BASS 9 od ala ore 28 (2 cl, 10, 6846, fed” uo, tt os tragied by Oppeetd apa Prat ed § 10, 12125 roca sh oud Bard, 43vET* nz aad hotee lmpersant sngee aud uy Landobeger aid Baer 21 8) a ant apc Te 4 Meslay doom ste Gt on don Somnngt esa 19 La ane Hae) (Now or and a hen by a Feil ete Pv da Sugoi (lpg 101) Sand 6, Nox anc 4 “or an exertion aes Shoae doce, soe Padme, Par 29 {Mota they have ale been survey by yn Zeal apn and asyro St! ented Raa BS ee Towiquen, A" Cr The Refrt 6) ihe Mapans ond Aselgere Mined and Bebylon inthe Tv Btdseum endo 1908) 8 (No 28 SETA NETH aa Pal, Les rom yin Shs the Rings tora (ead “desmbanipal P (Scskice 190) B00 (Ses. 279°C ss and208 A. Spatinger influence of astrology duving the Sargonid Period had possible effects jn Eeypt” “inally, there are faginentary tests which selate the booty taken from Rgypt and the political policy followed by Eserhaddom there, From K ‘080, K 8086, and Sm, 2027 a detailed narrative ofthe preparations for the ‘Hayptian invasion can be seen. Dated to the “tenth campaign" (grr ‘v8 6), thete isa very complex, almost day-by-day narrative in what might shave been a preliminary draft for a later prism which does not appear to have ever been composed. The inscription breaks off when Esarhaddon is about to attack the Egyptians, but from other sourecs @ reasonable ities ary of the Astysian army can be composed. ‘There are no docusieats to be dated to 669 n.c. as that was the year fn which Esathaddon went om iis second campaign to Bgypt. He died ‘then and except for the Iconic fine fa the Babslonian and Bearhaddon ehron- icles nothing is knowa about this aff. M1, Preparation ™ 1t seems that Bsurhaddon net only began his campaigns with a show ‘of strength at the border of Egypt but that fe also undertook the complete ‘subjugation of Phoenicia for the purpose of gaining direct contzot of the important sea trade of the Hast Meditranean, That he should start his wwailace right next to Raypt farthor demonstrates that he did not wish to sttack that land but rather prefereed a "hands of" policy if only Raypt would do the same for Assyria, That an Assysian monopoly over the trade in the Levant would meas a weakening of Heyptian power would be a result that sorely the Kushite ovesords of Hgypt mast have realized, Within heh Meta, pet ods te ki pie Suc nas drt ke er Se ee ee eat lM pate sun seas eh Set ee de SR ener Oe Hare nate eh el Eee prea Gh te a ec cin Ta ele SERS ras, Path uae kita fae orta ta SESSUNe cob aetaceat Fc Seid Matta Fe Berean UR Gets a et ta Sep me 0 I ae by dei an a at ‘oe emi A te eta aa anh Plame te ee -—rrtt—t“‘(—e Se ett taney ancl ori ee hr ——— CL —: fein Q ore Het 76 . to Sor ieetberg Shusien cur Geschicve, 67-71; you Zea, $5 Dados, ‘Bina 9 (1066) HAF and add the dated study of 8. Soaith in CAH HIT 7489. THeashaddon and Bayt 299) five years of the Arya alas, Egypt supported Ashiclon agsinst Assyria and the frst fateful step to direct warfare between the two superpowers was taken, In 679 nc, as Tedmor has careully pointed out, Rsarhaddon marched to the “Brook of Hgypt” where Tiglath Pieter IIT had set up a commeno- tative monumient e, 724 n.c. to mark the farthest Hmit of his domain ™, Ashuli, the King of Area, was taken back to Nineveh. The earliest docu tment, Prism B, mentions that both Aebuli and hie visors were caied off to the Assyrian capital and put on display as caged animals tothe citizens of that city. A abbrevintes that acount by omitting the advisors; Inter traditions even skip the ervel pliey ofthe monarch ®, Two otber fragments Which rolate this accouat (Borger’s Het. A and Prt. B) seem to follow Ni- neweh BM, “The nest two military actions sioceeding the show of force on the Egyptian border were the subjugation of Sidon and the strengthening of control over Tyre, Nineveh B begins the historical account with Sidon's {all and destruction followed by the building of Kar-Rsarhaddon {I 1497), As HL, Tadinor has indicated, the later Prism A mentions the twelve kings ‘of the seacoast who sided sachaddon i that parpave as well as the twelve Ikings of Syria. Assyria wae now becoming a Mediterranean power, at effect which would soon lead to an Rgyptian military reaction. Ta addition, swe read that the cities has a Suit-r88i* placed over them as a Dil pia "ray Sai-r88 to the prefectace 7 established over them and tribute as well ‘as tax more than before Increased and imposed spon thems” (A TIT 18-15% So Kir-Rsarhaddon became the prefecture of « provincial goveruor and Sidon was radely exsbed, Perhaps Sidon and the other Phoenician cities were supported by Egypt against Assyria as later Ashicelon was, Two fraginentary texts seets to itaply thie. In a query to Shamash a posse rference to « “man of Egypt (®Masraja) associated with Sidon should be 2 18 De honger, § B 1, Soh ad 8p ji 8: Tele 9 1 dori iar 0 (1896) 98 and cee A111 17 and VI 54-78 5 or the aignscance of theo titles, see the diseunoa in Part TV, 3 See Haw, HUA 27 (lo) ra 190. We have stst-sa0-ie xan ‘yoy Huw abun i 889) pon wo tie sna ge vnc at ete stan men ma tna (AE 1 19, The {foun au) tent at un ste na ot ad an stot fa (hy few Se eh aay, ates, Sie'saarte is apposition to “own aad we skonld rea y ira ol agave them PWC an Son paced my oes Sveovertrs over then‘ Sumer 13 (1956) Tip tthe dante lee {Son of ae i ark AV of tile ay at aft, a8 Esco Sadr, ibd OL: the texte noted ate Kattan Nos, 70 and 71 with Ionber No.