Analysis Series-Parallel Resistors And RLC Circuits Analysis

Muhamad Limid Bahari An RLC circuit is a circuit consisting of

resistors, inductors, and capacitors, connected in
Faculty of Engineering series or in parallel. Why is it called RLC, because
this name is an ordinary electrical symbol for
Yogyakarta State University resistance, inductance and capacitance respectively.
This circuit forms a harmonic oscillator and will
resonate only in the same way as an LC circuit.
Abstract – This paper describes the analysis of
series-parallel resistor circuits and RLC circuit
analysis. In electronic circuits we often find resistors
arranged in series or in parallel, of course the
resistor circuit has a different resistance value
between resistors arranged in series with those
arranged in parallel. AC circuit consists of a series
of resistors, inductors and capacitors. These three
circuits can be arranged in series, commonly called
RLC series.

I. INTRODUCTION

Components of an electrical circuit or

electronic circuit can be connected in various ways.
The two simplest types are series and parallel.
Circuits arranged in equal are called series, while
circuits arranged in rows are called parallel circuits.
Components arranged in series will be connected
through one path, so that the flow of electric current
will flow to all components. In parallel circuits, the
voltage passing through each component is the same,
and the total current is the sum of the currents
passing through each component.
Picture 2. RLC Circuit
II. SERIES-PARALLEL CIRCUITS
A. Series Circuits
A series circuit is a circuit in which resistors
are arranged in a chain, so the current has only one
path. The current is the same through each resistor.
The total resistance of the circuit is found by adding
up the resistance values of the each resistors.

Equivalent resistance of resistors in series :

R = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...

Picture 1. Series Circuit Picture 3. Series Circuit

 A series circuit is shown in the picture 3
above. The current flows through each resistor in
turn. If the values of the three resistors are:
R1=2 Ω, R2= 4 Ω, and R3=3Ω
Total resistance is:
R=R1+R2+R3
R=2 Ω +4 Ω +3 Ω
R=9 Ω
With a 6 V battery, by V = I R the total current in the
circuit is:
I = V / R = 6 / 9 = 0.6 A. The current through each
resistor would be 0.6 A.
Properties of Series Circuits:
- The current flowing in each load is the
same.
- Many electrical loads are connected in
series, the total resistance of a circuit causes
a decrease in the current flowing in the
circuit. The current flowing depends on the
large amount of load resistance in the
circuit.
- If one of the loads or parts of the circuit are
not connected or broken, the flow stops..
B. Parallel Circuits
Resistors are in parallel when each resistor is
connected directly to the voltage source by
connecting wires having negligible resistance. Each
resistor thus has the full voltage of the source applied
to it. Each resistor draws the same current it would if
it alone were connected to the voltage source.
The total resistance of a series of resistors in
parallel can be calculated by summing the opposite of
the resistance value, and then taking the opposite of
the total:
Equivalent resistance of resistors in parallel: 1
/ R = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + 1 / R3 +...
Picture 4. Parallel Circuit
A parallel circuit is shown in the picture 4
above. In this case the current supplied by the battery
splits up, and the amount going through each resistor
depends on the resistance. If the values of the three
resistors are:
R1=8Ω, R2=8 Ω, and R3=4 Ω
Total resistance is:
1/R=1/R1=1/R2=1/R3
1/R=1/8+1/8+1/4=1/2
R=2
With a 12 V battery, by V = I R the total current in
the circuit is: I = V / R = 12 / 2 = 6 A.
The individual currents can also be found using I = V
/ R. The voltage across each resistor is 12 V, so:
I1 = 12 / 8 = 1.5 A
I2 = 12 / 8 = 1,5 A
I3=12 / 4 = 3 A
Note that the currents add together to 6A, the total
current.
Properties of Parallel Circuit:
- The voltage at each electric load is the same
as the source voltage.
- Each branch in a parallel circuit is a series of
individuals. The character of each branch
depends on the resistance of the branch.
- As large resistance are arranged in parallel
circuits, the total resistance of the circuit
shrinks, therefore the total current is greater.
(The total resistance of a parallel circuit is
smaller than the smallest resistance in the
circuit.)
 - If there is a branch of the parallel resistance
interrupted, the current will be interrupted
only in that series of resistors. Other branch
circuits continue to work without being
interrupted by the interrupted branch circuit.
III. RLC CIRCUITS
RLC circuits are circuits that can be connected
in parallel or in series, but the circuit must consist of
capacitors (RC); inductor (RL); and resistor (R). The
three resistances when combined in are called
impedances (Z) or total resistances. Naming RLC
itself also has its own reasons, which is due to the
name being an electric symbol usually in capacitance;
inductance and resistance of each.
These three resistances (R, XL and XC) flow
current (i) which is the same so that the current
phasor diagram is placed at t = 0. The voltage on the
resistor (VR) is in the same phase as the current,
voltage (VL) in inductive reactance (XL) precedes
the current as far as 90º, and the voltage (VC) in
capacitive reactance (XC) is left by the current as far
as 90º.
The phasor diagram can be used to find the pinch
voltage as below:
VR = Imax R sin ωt = Vmax sin ωt
VL = Imax XL sin (ωt + 90) = Vmax sin (ωt + 90)
VC = Imax XC sin (ωt – 90) = Vmax sin (ωt – 90)
The amount of current is the same, so the
amount of voltage in each component R, L and C is:
VR = I R, VL = I XL, and VC = I XC. Subscribe to
the pinch voltage formula so that the final result is
obtained as a total or impedance barrier as follows:
The RLC series has several possibilities:
- Value XL < XC: the circuit is a capacitor,
the voltage of the current lags the phase
angle difference θ by
- Value XL > XC: circuit is inductor, voltage
precedes current with phase angle fase equal
to
- Value XL = XC: the circuit impedance is the
same as the resistance value (Z = R), on the
circuit there will be a series resonance, the
resonant frequency are
Resonance occurs when the amount of
inductive reactance (XL) = capacitive reactance (XC)
and the magnitude of resonance:
When there is resonance
(XL = XC), the price of the circuit impedance
reaches the minimum value and the amount is equal
to the value of the resistor. When this minimum
impedance the current flow reaches the maximum.
 connected to an alternating current source with an
effective voltage of 200 volts. Determine:

a) The nature of the circuit

Power Factor b) Total resistance (impedance)
c) Currents
The magnitude of the power in the alternating d) Voltage at R, L, and C.
current circuit between the theory and the actual
results of the reading of the measuring instrument is Answers:
not the same, this is due to the apparent resistance
from inductors (XL) and capacitors (XC) called a. The nature of the circuit
inductive reactance and capacitive reactance. The real
Based on the concept, there are three possible
power that arises in the electric current circuit is only
characteristics of the RLC series, namely:
in pure resistance (R). The comparison between real
power (Pss) and decreased apparent power (Psm) is 1. Conductive if XL <Xc.
called the power factor stated in the equation:
2. Inductive if XL> Xc.

3. Resistive if XL = Xc.

Pss = I2 R (real power) and In the question known:

Psm = I2Z (pseudo power)
XL = 22 Ω and Xc = 16 Ω.
So that:
⇒ XL> Xc → the circuit is inductive

b. Total resistance (Impedance)

Impedance or total resistance is the number of

So the actual power in an AC current circuit resistance produced by resistors, capacitors, and
can be expressed equal to the results of the inductors which can be calculated by the formula:
multiplication of power resulting from theoretical
Z = √ {R2 + (XL - Xc) 2}
calculations with power factors that can generally be
written: ⇒ Z = √ {82 + (22-16) 2}
P = V I cos θ ⇒ Z = √ (64 + 36)
Where : ⇒ Z = √100
P = actual power (watts)
⇒ Z = 10 Ω.
V = effective voltage (Volt)
c. Currents
I = effective current strength (A)
V = I.Z
cos θ = power factor
⇒I=V/Z
Example:
⇒ I = 200/10
Resistors with resistance 8 Ω, inductors with
⇒ I = 20 A.
inductive reactance 22 Ω, and a capacitor with
capacitive reactance 16 Ω are arranged in series and d. Voltage on each component
On the resistor (VR) REFERENCES

VR = I.R Wikiversity, 2018.

https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/RLC_circuit
⇒ VR = 20 (8)
Wikipedia, 2019.
⇒ VR = 160 volts. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangkaian_seri_dan_pa
ralel
In inductor (VL)
Darryanto. 2000. Teknik Elektronika. Malang:
VL = I.XL
PT. Bumi Aksara
⇒ VL = 20 (22)

⇒ VL = 440 volts.

On capacitors (Vc)

Vc = I.Xc

⇒ VL = 20 (16)

⇒ VL = 320 volts.

e. Power factor

Power factor = cos θ = R / Z

⇒ cos θ = 8/10

⇒ cos θ = 0.8.

IV. CONCLUSION

Series circuits consist of two or more electrical

loads connected to one power through a series. A
series of electrical circuits when one of the lights is
turned off, the other lights will off. Parallel circuit is
one that has more than one part of the path to flow
current. Ranging into parallel electricity when one of
the lights is turned off, the other lights will not die,
the other lights will stay on.

A RLC circuit (also known as a resonant

circuit, tuned circuit, or LCR circuit) is an electrical
circuit consisting of a resistor (R), an inductor (L),
and a capacitor (C), connected in series or in parallel.
This configuration forms a harmonic oscillator.