4.

2 SIMULATION

Conventional analytical methods at solving for stresses and strains become very complex
and almost impossible when the part geometry in intricate. In such cases, Finite Element
Modeling becomes a very convenient means to carry out the analysis. The Finite Element
Analysis is very powerful analysis tool, which can be applied to a range of engineering
problems.

The FEM process allows for discrediting the intricate geometries into small fundamental
volumes called finite elements. It is then possible to write the governing equations and
material properties for these elements. These equations are then assembled by taking proper
care of the constraints and loading, which results in a set of equations. These equations when
solved give the results that describe the behavior of the original complex body being
analyzed.

Application of FEM is not limited to mechanical systems alone but to a range of engineering
problems such as
  
Stress Analysis
  
Dynamic Analysis
  
Deformation Studies
  
Fluid-Flow Analysis
  
Heat-Flow Analysis
  
Seepage Analysis
  
Magnetic-Flux Studies
 
Acoustic Analysis

The flow through rocket nozzle is analyzed by Fluid-Flow Analysis (Fluent).

Open ANSYS Workbench to do a simulation in ANSYS Workbench! Open ANSYS

Workbench by going to Start > ANSYS > Workbench.

This will open the startup screen as shown in figure 4.1. After opening this window,
we will find all the analysis systems on left side, as it is discussed before we are going
to make analysis with Fluent.

To make analysis in Fluid – Flow Analysis (Fluent) click on fluent on left side, hold it
and drag it to right side empty space.

After dragging the fluent the fluent workbench is visible on the empty space as shown
in figure 4.2

27
 Figure 4.1Ansys starting window.

Figure 4.2 Fluent work bench

In fluent workbench it has 6 different stages to complete the simulation as listed below
  
Importing Geometry
  
Mesh
  
Setup
  
Solution
 
Result

Further discussion will give the clarification of above stages to complete the simulation
of flow through rocket nozzle

28
4.3 IMPORTING GEOMETRY

To start simulation, we must first import geometry that is made in catia, so follow
these steps to import the geometry.

1. Right click on the geometry

2. Click on import
3. Click on browse
4. Select to geometry
5. Click on open

After successful importing of geometry,it must able show the tick mark on right side of
geometry as shown in figure 4.3.

Figure 4.3 Successful import

4.4 MESH

Meshing is the process of dividing the whole component into number of elements so that
whenever the load is applied on the component it distributes the load uniformly.

To start meshing double click on mesh option that is below the geometry option as shown
in the figure 4.3.

After opening the meshing, you will find project tree in which there is an option called
mesh.

Click on the mesh so that you will find details of mesh at the bottom as shown in figure 4.4
in which the sizing values can be inputted.

29
 Figure 4.4 Sizing input

In sizing give following inputs

Size function : Off or Adaptive

Relevance Center : Fine

Min size : 2e-002 (0.02)

After giving above inputs click on generate mesh which available on top of window.
After generating the mesh, you will find the nozzle divided into many elements as
shown in figure 4.5

Figure 4.5 Meshed design

Each surface must be named, i.e they should be named to continue the simulation
process, naming is done as follows
Select the surfaces and right click so that you will find option to give name to that
surface as shown in figure 4.6.

Figure 4.7 Options for naming surface

Here three surfaces to be named, they are

1. Input
2. Output
3. Walls

After naming each and every surfaces we can check the named surfaces which is
clearly showed in figure 4.8

Click on update option, which is on the top left corner of the window.

Figure 4.8 Named surfaces

Up to now importing of geometry and meshing of the geometry which are basic steps
of the simulation are completed.
 4.5 SETUP

This is the most important step to make the simulation, in this step properties of fluid,
boundary conditions and the calculation part takes place.

Now go to the first window and double click on setup so that another window where
we can input above discussed properties.

Figure 4.9 Options for setup

Below is the general condition to input

Solver type: Density-Based

  
Velocity: Absolute

Material: Air

Below are the boundary conditions

  
Pressure inlet : 101325 pa
  
Pressure exit : 0
  
Gauge pressure:0
 
Temperature :300k

Click on operating conditions option in boundary conditions and assign operating

pressure as zero as shown in figure 4.10

32
 Figure 4.10 Operating conditions

After inputting boundary conditions, click on reference values option and assign inlet
to compute from drop down as shown in figure 4.11

Figure 4.11 Reference values

33
Now double click on Initialization option under solution where we can initialize the
assigned values for further calculations. Click on standard initialization to assign
compute from to inlet and click on initialize as shown in figure 4.12.

Figure 4.12Initialization

After initialization of values is completed click on run calculation so that the options
showed in figure 4.13 will appear on the screen.

Figure 4.13 Run calculation

34
In run calculations the number of iterations given is 150

After giving number of iterations click on calculate

Same procedure must be followed for all other cross sections to make flow through
analysis for rocket nozzle.

Simulation process is completed; result will be discussed in the chapter 5

 Chapter-5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In this chapter we are going to see the results and have brief discussions about the results
we got, the results for pressure, velocity, temperature and the mach number that are
obtained by testing different cross sections like circle, rectangle, square are discussed
in this chapter will be in the format of contours, graphs and table format.

The results provided in this chapter are not assumed, they are obtained by design and
simulation of the design in Ansys Fluent.

5.1 PRESSURE contour :

3D Flow in Nozzle with 4 inlet

5.1.1 4 Inlet Pressure Variation

Figure 5.1 Pressure for 4 Inlet nozzle

The above image is the pressure contour, which represent the pressure at inlet, outlet
and all through the nozzle. The pressure at the inlet of the nozzle is 1.768x107 and the
pressure at outlet is 9.545x105, the 95% of the pressure is decreased at outlet when
compared with inlet pressure.

Since the pressure decreased throughout the nozzle when compared with inlet and
outlet we can say that the nozzle designed is satisfied to the supersonic nozzle as
referred in the paper [7].
5.1.2 6 inlet nozzle (3D)

Figure 5.2 Pressure for 3D nozzle 6 inlet

The above image is the pressure contour which represent the pressure at inlet, outlet
and all through the nozzle. The pressure at the inlet of the nozzle is 2.29e7 and the
pressure at outlet is 4-4.6e-4, the of the pressure is decreased at outlet when
compared with inlet pressure.

Since the pressure decreased throughout the nozzle when compared with inlet and
outlet we can say that the nozzle designed is satisfied to the supersonic nozzle as
referred in the paper [7].