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Research Paper
RELATION BETWEEN WORKABILITY AND COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE
1
M.A.FArediwala 2M.A.Jamnu
Moreover, aggregate particles in self- compacting evaluate the fluidity of self-compacting concrete to
concrete are required to have uniform change its path and to pass through a constrict area.
distribution in the specimen and the minimum According to EFNARC, for class 1 self-compacting
segregation risk should be maintained during the concrete, T is smaller than 8 s and for class 2 self-
process of transportation and placement. compacting concrete T is 9-25 s. The measured
Because the strength of concrete is adversely and values of T are shown in Table 2.
significantly affected by the presence of voids in the L-Box test
compacted mass, it is vital to achieve a maximum The L-box test is used to evaluate the fluidity of self-
possible density. This requires a sufficient compacting concrete and its ability to pass through
workability or virtually full compaction. It is steel bars. The L-box consists of a “chimney” section
obvious that the presence of voids in concrete and a “channel” section as described by Wu et al.
reduces the density and greatly reduces the strength, With the L-box, the height of concrete in chimney, h,
which means the presence of 5 percent of voids can the height of concrete in the channel section, h21, and
lower the strength by as much as 30 percent. This the time for self-compacting concrete to reach 40 mm
research compares the compressive strengths of self- from three steel bars, T, can be measured. According
compacting and Workability. to EFNARC, when the ratio of h2 to h is larger than
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 0.8, self-compacting concrete has good passing
In this part of the paper, the experimental results of ability. However, no specification for T1 is given in
self-compacting mixes on compressive strength and EFNARC or other codes. In most previous studies on
workability are discussed. The workability tests self-compacting concrete, T400 is used to estimate
performed in this research were ordinary slump, the flow velocity of self-compacting concrete. The
slump flow, L-box and V-funnel measured values of h2/h are shown in Table 2.
Workability of fresh concrete Compressive strength
There is no acceptable test, which can directly For concrete stored in water, the development of
measure the workability as defined earlier. The compressive strength with age is shown in Table 3. It
following methods give a measure of workability is clear that the compressive strength development of
indirectly. In fact, these methods have found concrete mixtures containing different dosages of the
universal acceptance and their values are because of utilized superplasticizer were quite different.
their simplicity and their ability to detect the According to Tables 2 and 3, it can be said that as the
variations in the uniformity of a mix. workability of the mixes improved, the compressive
To better evaluate the workability of self-compacting strength of the self-compacting concrete mixes
concrete, both dynamic and static stability tests are decreased. This may be because of wider spread of
usually required. Dynamic stability is concerned with the air bobbles in the mixtures as a result of higher
the properties of self-compacting concrete during the dosages of the superplasticizer. According to Figs. 1
process of mixing, transportation, and casting, while to 4, there were linear relationships between the test
static stability deals with the properties of self- results on workability and the 28-day compressive
compacting concrete during the period from casting strengths of self-compacting mixes. It means the
to initial set. This research concentrates on dynamic relation between the compressive strength and
stability tests as follows. It should be noted that workability is linear when the mix proportions are
computational modelling of concrete flow has been constant; therefore, the compressive strength of each
overviewed recently mix containing a new dosage of superplasticizer can
Slump flow test be estimated from its workability tests.
Since the slump test is not suitable for the analysis of However, the comparison between the mixes
the fluidity of self-compacting concrete, the slump containing fly ash shows the first group had higher
flow test is adopted. The testing apparatus consists of workability and lower compressive strength. The
a normal slump cone and a steel plate with the reason for this phenomenon can be the pozzolanic
dimensions of 900 × 900 mm. With this apparatus, activities of fly ash.
the time for self-compacting concrete to spread to Table 2: Workability of Self Compacting Concrete
500 mm in diameter, T, and the final slump flow Mixes
diameters in the two orthogonal directions can be
measured. According to EFNARC, for class 1 self-
compacting concrete, the slump flow diameter is 550-
650 mm; for class 2 self-compacting concrete the
slump flow diameter is 600-750 mm; for class 3 self-
compacting concrete the slump flow diameter is 760-
850 mm. It is worth noting that the slump flow test is
recently modelled using artificial neural networks.
The results of slump flow tests are presented in Table
V-funnel test
The apparatus for V-funnel test is described by Wu et
al. With this apparatus, the total time for self-
compacting concrete to flow through the V-funnel,
can be measured. The V-funnel flow test is to
34
Fc (Mpa)
0
32 10 9.5 9
30
28
26
Compressive strength V/S V-Funnel
CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
From the results presented in this paper, using 1. Okamura, H. and Ouchi, M. “Self-compacting concrete:
development, present use and future,” Proceedings of the
concrete containing different dosages of a kind of
First International RILEM Symposioum , 1999, 3-14.
superplasticizer based on carboxylic, the main 2. Jianxiong, C., Xincheng, P. and Yubin, H. “A study of self-
conclusions are: compacting HPC with superfine sand and pozzolanic
1. In Self compacting concrete mixes with constant additives,” Proceedings of the First International RILEM
Symposioum , 1999, 549-560.
ingredients and different dosages of the
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properties of SCC,” M.Sc. Thesis in Civil Engineering,
dosage that causes better dispersions of Dokus Eylul University, Izmir, 2003.
cementations materials and also produce higher 5. Assaad, J., Khayat, K.H. and Daczko J. “Evaluation of static
air bobbles in the mixes are suggested. stability of self-consolidating concrete,” ACI Materials
Journal, 101, 3, 2004, 207-215.
Comparing the results of the mixes containing
6. Pei, M., Wang, Z., Li, W., Zhang, J., Pan, Q. and Qin, X.
different dosages of the superplasticizer shows “The properties of cementitious materials superplasticized
the effect of air bobbles is more important than with two superplasticizers based on aminosulfonate-phenol-
the dispersions of the cementations materials. formaldehyde,” Construction and Building Materials, 22,
2008, 2382-2385.
3. The effects of fly ash and the dosage of the
7. The European guidelines for self compacting concrete ,
superplasticizer were higher on improving the May-2005.
compressive strength when the w/c ratio was
lower.
4. The relation between the compressive strength
and workability of concrete mixes was linear
when the w/c ratio and other mix proportions
were constant. In other words, in this context,
the compressive strength of a concrete mixture
containing a new dosage of superplasticizer
could be estimated from its workability tests.