CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

This chapter explains the research design, questionnaire development, pretest1and2, data

collection, sample, procedure, instrumentation and data analysis.

3.1 Research Design

This study is intended to investigate the best Chinese leadership style deemed by three

major Chinese philosophies: Confucian, Taoism and Legalism and how these three influence

leadership effectiveness. A questionnaire will be built on a previous work, Chinese leadership

inventory or CLI(2012,) In addition to its original survey items, more items will be added to

it because of the recent development on this construct. Three major Chinese philosophies:

Confucian, Taoism and Legalism were found to be the cornerstones of Chinese Leadership

(2016,). Based on this newer model, the researcher discussed with the other researcher and an

expert to extract new items according to the results of a pervious paper (2016).

3.2 Questionnaire development

In order to gain the intensive understanding the relations between Chinese’s

leadership philosophies and leader effectiveness. The researcher will develop a questionnaire

that measures Chinese leadership and leader effectiveness. To examine the relationship

between Chinese leadership and leader effectiveness by this questionnaire. The researcher

will go through the script extracted by previous work, Chinese leadership inventory or

CLI(2012,). To find important themes and convert them into preliminary questions. The

questionnaire will contain two parts. The first part is about personal attributes and the other is

leader effectiveness. Furthermore, the researcher will use factor analysis to reduce the items

and find reliability.

3.3 Pretest1 and pretest 2

This new questionnaire will be pretested to verify its reliability and validity. Based on the
previous work, the researcher will find crucial subjects and turn them into preliminary

questions. About the pretest1, the researcher will discuss with peer-researchers and an expert

of their opinion on the preliminary questions to extract new items. After analyses, important

themes were developed and coded into question items. They were later incorporated into CLI

and made the final questionnaire comprise sixty items. The researcher would conduct pretest2

to reduce the item pool. The pretest2 would be involved 30 participants who had working

experiences. They will actually respond to the items and the researcher will interview with the

participants to take notes on their feedbacks. The last but not the least, the researcher will

discuss with the expert and run the factor analysis. Then, the data reduction would be done

after conducting the pretest2 and find reliability as well.