ANALYSIS OF PILES SUBJECTED TO EMBANKMENT INDUCED LATERAL Son MOVEMENTS By A. T. C. Goh, C. I. Teh? and K. S. Wong,’ Member, ASCE [Avernacr: Damage ples suponing sce, hedge abutments an ile cin cera reso he aerate: Paes Cabaret This s eau he her Sepscomens esuling or ese contacton ‘Sir cance fe tnd moons pl, The oun oes an ca on Se ae erica eral sa pacemer se ge, Ths paper desis copied a teas on he nlemet meh or naling the espns of singles aera al ume tour bering oe ple ir modeled by beam ckments. The complex pheoomenon ofthe ret cn moles ype sol sting. A aowor for determing he sl prance or (Sein the my i om uel te Comparisons tema fetwean he caervedbehaioe of full ests ‘Sleamape mde estan tose compued byte proposed meal meld, Baden parneti studies, care laden for ple founda stoma fe base oft sloped embankment re preset. inropucTION “The consvston of road embankments and fle adjacent 0 servers, ges, oui as ben Kpown cause de ‘ire piss sopping these srocuace, Tie i because the iMteatSispicementsrsaling fom these constuction ac ties ex indice forces ad bending moments nthe ples Fig ‘tne rein suesce can be sein, paricalsly when Rica posts ae preset snd the Iara ll dplcemens ee itge Grows 197 fader and Busher 1981) A amber ‘Sanne cave steve bean sepred, sch as Hey- ‘han 1963) Leusink and Wenz (1969), and Bigot et a {H9t7), Recent model confuge and nuneial studies by Singman (989) and Stewart (1992) to invenigate he sera Itadng of ie srous dae to embankment contruction have tedtoan ‘dndeanding of he aos powers De Induce ple fore. ‘Sovaah spre and mamerieal methods have ben pro sed for onasing te response of single ples and pile oups to lar loding frm herisonal sll movement A rmpchensive review har been made by Stewart a (1958) Mont of te masa mete that have been proposed wie the ine-cloment method (Carer 1982; Brome et al. 1987; Spring 1009, Stewart eta 1993) or the ine difirence that Poulos and Davies 1980). For pil group, he plane afte lent approach was adopied by Stewart (ibe tm which the ler were represented by equvalent SGezepite walls Anouer approses(Speingman 1989) sed three mensional Hane-lement analyses which de ri ‘tes sium tobe lai. For single pls, the medio ae [eveilycither based on te elas coatinoum spproach or Je modats of subgrade resstion meod. For example, nthe Polo and Davies (1980) mcthod, te sun is based on pont fod in an ease halrspoce (Mind's solos) aad FRodifed enpinally to account for the presence of sg Bee layet A ening posse ae specie fo account for Flas yielding of te So around the pile. In the approsch {Skee oy Brome ea (0987), the lls represent by & SPT ef Cn md rt a. Mein Tat Fer sca of Gand Stat Sage. Neng Tesh OH SS pen vi ebuny 1, 10 To xe elon ‘Jura of Genchnial and Geensronmental Engineering. Vl, Pe ee SNe an noo SOOO ‘Winker beam and the si i eeesened by a serie of elastic Syrinps The sping constant opted war che cocfiient of beri escton Others have adoped similar techniques td Fepreseied the stl witha reve of noalnear springs Bows ‘Sa 1980; Bigt eal 1982: Bye etal. 1984. ‘Tis puper dsribes 4 smpied tumoral procedure for analyeng be response of singe piles to ltr sll move trens ‘Te final tending of pile Sx modeled by beam ‘Semeats The complex pheoemeoon ofthe pill inter fiw it mated by hyperslc soll sings A framework for Ceermining the sll ing consists fom convention! sll {it du ir proposed. The method ites resus for ple die Puccments anSending momen: Bat compare well withthe ‘yt solution by Povlor (1973) Comparisons ae also imate teracen te aber hehair of flscale apd ent ‘ige model evs and those computed bythe proposed mer {28 procedure Finally empl slations for pe foundation Syrians at the tase of sloped embankment computed fom Pramod represented. The aumerclprovedu eo- Posed nts per shoul ls be va fra group of wily Foced pis: Stewart (1992) eonclded from observations of the cenefoge model ple group fests hata ple spacing of £8 times te ple Gnmeser wa uel large to mime the Inert Herweensdacet pes. In ation, the messi ‘animus Sending moments Seeweea te front and rear ples ‘foe ao snl Farierentancemett of the procedise 10 Uotyees group of closely space ples would ena modeling the iteration tcveen the group piles and ts Beyond the ‘Rope of ths paper Only the immedate shorter response ft ple tlc spose total Hoos from the embankment oa considered |. 1. Lat Pressures Induced on Pile tom Embankmentsie Sous pee Stor Sine of Ez FINTE-ELEMENT METHOD Ting conga epee tear fed ‘scribes «sped sprach nt ca cent for cept ‘Sedge sch 1 seaoapeneos sl seng conden, lle sifara sed pl head ig. The rien canons [ts wo compons Fast, he al dapasest nda i ‘Se pbs do fo eaves oestrone eine, ‘lhe fom metre ince dts rom feet alysis Tie tesla soll iplcement i emed "ee ie orem ope cd, deemed (ireaiing pl The medi sey sean, pyow. Inote maiad, Nevin, romdce foo! aoa a inton ofthe ane ef me gers oone. ‘ees of vertical movewents on piles (Chow ea. 1990, Lee 1995, Te and Wing 1955) Te flowing dere ro eed metodsogy “he problem of veil pile etd in tyre si ‘en te aed ome! hep Tepe oars foe hare = ple sites mais y= nde placement Neots (21 = eral ol tal Caco ene of iy ctcmalytpbed lea (2 consequence of eh Shel tewcn hpi od nding Sl The i" o ede name: P= ater ntl fo Penphe o ining lel so resound Ay = psec ‘hat noma the pean tae j'By Stage ‘nestones punts > any. 2) may be ie ‘poe compass dmeninet foc me No 1.2 yptain Layee ot Unter vont peg thn a ins fe sig sy ge ad rel may te prt de agente Ry ve td ay Fe © aa Lateral SollSpring Snes Aine © shypt aontp ised op ‘oped to detainee fia sal see eon Cohesion Set Alo sine on of he a wer Fade modus method in which the sll expense esha ye cet tS ee ‘at cay ns ee Goh Rea em nse an on cs tones Ye “(YE 1 i sty peeing extn wa ape fr co ROE Mates em te canopy Brame ° Both (7) and (©) were proposed on the bse te sit rerpns i ate, td tee and Ein ()-0) a “deta! to be the prennaaneaverge oun ele shacges with ess level. By retuning the relationship be- ‘ert nd the Younes mule @) sn te ak Bezin bpp node te al Spin ss my«o) ta is say, esting xen wa a fe ‘SOIL PARAMETERS. “Te compete esriton of he i ping rogues he in ut of te wal shew modula, he Pobwon's Tao, ade ‘ng ital so presire These properies wee nt di feed tvalale ie acumen cae sie. A amework {or deermuniog tote pets fom te aval a at Sommarned bein Determination of rom lassi tery, tel shear moduli elt tothe dnc mul Byte following expression Gag hs ay i “Tee seen slaonsip of «srt ly detemined om unatine- compress to an be tele as hype foie Fura pvc opera E can be feted fo he erat ‘ods a So fale vel Ba 22 “aking tobe 05 for he wie conan, the nal shear ‘pods ny te expressed = 0 Inthe abence of dele si ee, En mayb sina fom th elton opened ty Denna Bsa (970) tu showa in i ere ist 39 tne end nk cern sar velionsip canbe ied for S-0(2) es sen jon sai a cre 1200 " 1000 1] a 8 1 fe, RATIO t s 0 20 40 60 80 100 PLASTICITY INDEX, FI {3a ot Ee or ny wth 008 «3 (Duncan an Sica a) ~ . spine me 6-200 fr ow et ad ee Poisson's Ratio Fr nde ana of stud clay, the Poson tl issued Yo be et 03, For sand the following © on tel on the ary f easy an be sd eee "9 FE t “Te concn of cath presse abet Ky can be computed ‘tng th mil equation proposed by Maye tad ua) 9m) Kye — sin qy0cR* # 09) where = efeive fcton ane and OCR = orton (ine as of te tl Determinstionot p, ta py curve alysis tis common practice oes the gore ye xe Ben by Rome ne(eze%B)e e aw ee wer = undaied shear sng ofthe sil (rom enon Tic indeed tinal tes = sol ane weigh = ‘putand’d pe wid Randolph ant Hooley (158) sa ‘S2oe oblent of eral lane, eaely long pling Shs pascy thewy. ey Tecommended te fllowing xpession pets a (Cen an Fouls (1954 stil te limit prstre on ow ‘ples defo na sol movement wring he telnet ‘lhod. The lt presue baie ranges fom 6c 0 T2ey or smi i dr ay py taken to be Se fo ly. or sad, th expression propel by Bros (964) fed CCorolations with Situ Tost Parameters Fe wo ofthe cate isis coniee the oni fx at vale were um va resem and cone penton (Cop tose Toe following epresins ere sped Tor fe Nore presen pen ey Boe an ntre pad y= pester int reser ad pressure ‘eer module mapectve As es ene racine fos ‘ine « Poteow'so of 038 forall risa aeons fy Grad 1992) was deemed fom (1) sing a ‘outa rato f0.93 ype values of ad By shen ine Tor con pseration tt, p, was bined indy fom ceuraions with econ stacey wing the exprentone ‘opened by Bea (1992) clay p= 96.2 026. a oto By ae oar volved Acme ih