Introduction:

An LED is a special type of diode used as an Optoelectronic device. Like a PN

junction diode, it conducts when forward biased. However, a special feature of
this device is its ability to emit energy in the visible band of the electromagnetic
spectrum. Ex- visible light.

A major concern to drive an LED is to provide an almost constant current input.

Often, an LED is driven using batteries or control devices like
microcontrollers. However, these have their own disadvantages, for example –
low battery life etc.

What is 230V LED driver circuit ?

An LED driver is an electrical device which regulates the power to an LED or
a string (or strings) of LEDs. An LED driver responds to the changing needs
of the LED, or LED circuit, by providing a constant quantity of power to
the LED as its electrical properties change with temperature. Basically the
Driver circuit convert AC supply to DC voltage.

Components of a LED driver circuit:

 Film Capacitor 394j 400V (0.39μF)
 Resistors - 2 Piece (1M, 220 R)
 Diode Bridge Rectifier
 Diode – 4 Piece (IN4007)
 Zener Diode (5V)
 LED – 3 Piece (Colorful LED)
 Electrolytic Capacitor (470μF, 25V)

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LED Driver Circuit Diagram:

Working of LED driver circuit:

 The components on which this constant current led driver circuit diagram
works are electrolytic capacitors, zener diode and a resistor.
 These are must to have components for the circuit to work.
 The capacitor limits the current. It limits Ac current as it is connected to the
main supply.
 Then, this output current enters the full wave bridge rectifier. So, basically
the current entering the rectifier is already filtered by the capacitor.
 Then, the rectified DC voltage is generated which goes through a zener
diode.
 A zener diode which is acting as a regulator, majorly considers three
important factors, namely
 And, this diode is connected next to the resistor for limiting the flow of
current.
 Then, the power rating of the resistor is calculated.
 So, the regulated and rectified voltage produced as the output.
 And, this output is given to the Led and the circuit is completed.

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Project Photo:

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Project Photo at Working Condition:

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Applications of LED driver circuit:
• This circuit can be used for home lightening systems.
• It can be used as an indicator circuit.
• One can fix this circuit with the door bell to give indication.
• However where light is need we can use it there .

Advantages of LED driver circuit:

• High efficiency.
• Low power consumption.
• We can give direct supply 230v.
• This is transformer less, so weight and size is small.
• High intensity o/p light.
• This is not a inductive load so there will be no negative effect in power
factor.

Disadvantages of LED driver circuit:

 There is no step down system is here so the circuit can be dangerous.
 The capacitor can be spike in main fluctuation.
 This can be used only in single-phase supply.

Limitations of 230V LED Driver Circuit:

1. Since 230V AC supply is being directly used here, this circuit can be
dangerous.
2. This circuit is best suited for domestic applications using single phase
supply. This is because, in case of three phase supply, if any of the phases
accidently touches the input terminal, it can prove to be quite dangerous.
3. The capacitor can produce spikes at mains fluctuations.

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