SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG-2 (50 MW)

CHAPTER 12
ANALYSIS OF THERMAL DISPERSION

12.1. GENERAL
In this study, conducted analysis of thermal dispersion which came out from the outlet
of PLTMG/MG/GU Sorong-2 (50MW) and the outlet of PLTU Timika (4x7) MW located in Sorong
are using flow modeling package of MIKE 21. Analysis of hydrodynamic flow that conducted is
the analysis of the impact on the surrounding waters environment, to find out whether the
condition due to the operation of PLTMG/MG/GU Sorong-2 (50MW) and PLTU Timika (4x7) MW
is safe for the environment and the operating environment of PLTMG/MG/GU Sorong-2
(50MW) itself.

12.2. MIKE 21
DHI’s 2-dimensional hydrodynamic model is called MIKE 21 (FM). MIKE 21 is a
generalised mathematical modelling system designed for a wide range of marine, estuaries
and lake applications and can be applied to oceanographic studies, water pollution studies,
environmental impact assessment studies and sedimentation studies. The system solves the
2D momentum equation and continuity equations simulating unsteady flow taking into
account bathymetry and external forcing such as meteorology, tidal elevations, currents and
other hydrographic conditions.
MIKE 21 is a finite volume model with an unstructured horizontal grid. It can be run on
a single grid or with dynamically nested grids. In the current study the model provides the
hydrodynamic input into the one way coupled advection-dispersion (AD) model. The control
equations can be written as:
Continuity equation:

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 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG-2 (50 MW)

momentum equations in the x directions:

momentum equations in the y directions:

advection-dispersion equation:

In the equations, h(x, y, t) is the water depth; ξ(x, y, t) is free surface water; p and
q(x, y, t) are the discharge per unit width, m3/s/m; g is acceleration of gravity; C(x,y) is
Chezy resistance coefficient; f is the wind friction coefficient; V is the velocity; Vx, Vy(x, y,
t) are the velocity in the x and y directions, respectively; Ω(x, y) is the coefficient of Coriolis
force; C is the pollutant concentration; Ex and Ey are the transverse and longitudinal
diffusion coefficients, respectively.
These partial differential equations cannot be analytically solved, and a lot of
mathematical solution methods have been developed, such as the finite difference method,
finite volume method, finite element method, and finite analytic method. We take advantage
of the simulation software MIKE 21 AD, which was developed by the Danish Hydraulic Institute
with the finite volume method (Euler schedule), to solve these equations. It must be pointed
out that the Courant number should be less than 1.0 in order to ensure the stability of the
model (DHI 2005).

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 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG-2 (50 MW)

Scenario of Thermal Dispersion Modelling

The analysis of the thermal dispersion in the area of this study are using the following
modelling scenario:
1. Modelling of thermal dispersion pattern referring from results of flow pattern
modelling at four wind direction with maximum velocity in each wind direction, by
taking the temperature scenario in point of PLTMG/MG/GU Sorong-2 (50MW) and PLTU
Timika (4x7MW) outlet. Temperature of water at the outlet point scenariorized 7°C
higher than the measured water temperature condition at the point.
2. Based on field observations, an average temperature of river water at the project site
is 30.515°C. Thus, in this study, water temperature at the outlet point from
PLTMG/MG/GU Sorong-2 (50MW) simulated for temperature is 37.515°C (30.515°C +
7°C = 37.515°C) and water temperature at the outlet point from PLTU Timika (4x7MW)
simulated for temperature is 37.515°C (30.515°C + 7°C = 37.515°C).
3. The thermal dispersion simulated with flow discharge at the PLTMG/MG/GU Sorong-2
(50MW) outlet point is 1 ton/s and the flow discharge at the PLTU Timika (4x7MW)
outlet point is 1.8 ton/s.
4. Wind Velocity used at wind direction from North to South simulation is 8.32 m/s
5. Wind Velocity used at wind direction from West to East simulation is 5.86 m/s
6. Wind Velocity used at wind direction from South to North simulation is 7.96 m/s
7. Wind Velocity used at wind direction from East to West simulation is 5.86 m/s

Figure 12.1. Temperature Review Point

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 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG-2 (50 MW)

Result of Thermal Dispersion Modelling

Temperature of thermal dispersion modelling results at some point can be seen as follow:

Table 12.1. Thermal Dispersion Temperature Values

Temperature (°C) at Wind Direction
Point North to West to South to East to
South East North West
1 30.91 33.25 31.01 31.62
2 31.13 32.01 30.85 31.60
3 31.32 32.51 31.25 32.23
4 32.05 36.17 33.02 34.52
5 34.51 34.81 34.45 34.60
6 30.90 31.42 30.84 30.95
7 31.21 31.55 30.98 31.15
8 31.53 31.34 31.45 31.52
9 30.52 30.52 30.52 30.52
10 30.52 30.52 30.52 30.52
11 30.52 30.52 30.52 30.52
12 30.52 30.52 30.52 30.52
13 30.52 30.52 30.52 30.52
14 30.52 30.52 30.52 30.52
15 30.52 30.52 30.52 30.52

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 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG-2 (50 MW)

Figure 12.2. Temperature Cross Section Layout at Wind Direction from North

Figure 12.3. Temperature Cross Section at Wind Direction from North

Figure 12.4. Thermal Dispersion at Wind Direction from North

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 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG-2 (50 MW)

Figure 12.5. Temperature Cross Section Layout at Wind Direction from West

Figure 12.6. Temperature Cross Section at Wind Direction from West

Figure 12.7. Thermal Dispersion at Wind Direction from West

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 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG-2 (50 MW)

Figure 12.8. Temperature Cross Section Layout at Wind Direction from South

Figure 12.9. Temperature Cross Section at Wind Direction from South

Figure 12.10. Thermal Dispersion at Wind Direction from South

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 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG-2 (50 MW)

Figure 12.11. Temperature Cross Section Layout at Wind Direction from East

Figure 12.12. Temperature Cross Section at Wind Direction from East

Figure 12.13. Thermal Dispersion at Wind Direction from East

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 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG-2 (50 MW)

Based on the result of thermal dispersion at site study, some components need to
redesign as follow:
a. To reduce the temperature at inlet location, the inlet design location needs to be
placed to a safer location. Because maximum allowed water temperature used in
inlet is 2°C higher than the undisturbed water temperature at the river. (30.515°C
+ 2°C = 32.515°C)
b. To get safer water temperature, mouth of inlet location should be placed to
Alternative Point 15 (higest temperature at Point 15 is only 30.515°C and the
discharge meets the requirement for intake.
c. Length of the inlet pipe should be adjusted to the mouth of inlet position. Mouth
of inlet position is set to elevation lower than -1.21 Lower Low Water Level (LLWL)
to avoid cavitation.
d. Recommended inlet location Alternative Point 15 coordinates is at X:749573.57
Y:9886892.78

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 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG-2 (50 MW)

12.1. GENERAL ........................................................................................................... 1

12.2. MIKE 21 ............................................................................................................. 1

Table 12.1. Thermal Dispersion Temperature Values ............................................. 4

Figure 12.1. Temperature Review Point .......................................................... 3

Figure 12.2. Temperature Cross Section Layout at Wind Direction from North ............. 5
Figure 12.3. Temperature Cross Section at Wind Direction from North ...................... 5
Figure 12.4. Thermal Dispersion at Wind Direction from North ............................... 5
Figure 12.5. Temperature Cross Section Layout at Wind Direction from West .............. 6
Figure 12.6. Temperature Cross Section at Wind Direction from West ...................... 6
Figure 12.7. Thermal Dispersion at Wind Direction from West ................................ 6
Figure 12.8. Temperature Cross Section Layout at Wind Direction from South ............. 7
Figure 12.9. Temperature Cross Section at Wind Direction from South ...................... 7
Figure 12.10. Thermal Dispersion at Wind Direction from South .............................. 7
Figure 12.11. Temperature Cross Section Layout at Wind Direction from East .............. 8
Figure 12.12. Temperature Cross Section at Wind Direction from East ....................... 8
Figure 12.13. Thermal Dispersion at Wind Direction from East ................................ 8

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