SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

CHAPTER 2
CLIMATOLOGY

2.1. GENERAL
Secondary data of Climatology for this study was obtained from the 2018
Sorong Muncipality in Figures by Statistic Center Agency (BPS) of Sorong Regency. The
data collected includes:
a. Humidity Data : maximum value, the average and minimum
b. Evaporation Data : maximum value, the average and minimum
c. Pressure Data : maximum value, the average and minimum
Secondary data for rainfall data and wind data was obtained from the
Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) Class I Meteorology Jefman-
Sorong Station from 2006 to 2015. And Seigun-Sorong Station from 2016 to 2018 due to
change of station name of Jefman to Seigun. The data collected includes:
a. Rainfall data : daily rainfall
b. Wind data : daily wind direction and daily wind velocity

2.2. RAINFALL
Climate conditions of Sorong Regency are generally similar to other areas in
Papua which has two seasons recognized as rainy and dry season. The length of
sunlight radiation are inversely proportional to the number of rainy days in each
month. According to the temperature average data, Sorong Regency can be classified
as a hot areas, with the lowest temperature average 24,4°C and the highest
temperature average 31,4°C in 2017. And the number of rainy days average at this
area was 21 days/month.

2.2.1. Annual Rainfall

Based on daily rainfall data over the last 13 years, the annual rainfall in the
study area are as follows:

FINAL REPORT II - 1
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.1. Annual Rainfall

Annual Rainfall
No. Year
(mm/year)
1 2006 2465.97
2 2007 5043.20
3 2008 4058.40
4 2009 2731.90
5 2010 3505.50
6 2011 3757.80
7 2012 3323.10
8 2013 3508.20
9 2014 2494.50
10 2015 2150.45
11 2016 2922.50
12 2017 3636.00
13 2018 2185.70
Average 3214.09

Figure 2.1. Annual Rainfall of Jefman/Seigun Station in 2006 - 2018

2.2.2. Monthly Rainfall

Based on daily rainfall data over the last 13 years, the monthly rainfall in the
study area are as follows:
Table 2.2. Monthly Rainfall
Monthly Rainfall (mm/year)
Year Total
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Des
2006 254 156 276 190 365 323 201 22 393 72 165 48 2466
2007 253 148 261 321 321 603 921 839 301 450 219 407 5043
2008 42 275 322 381 390 490 533 389 484 247 208 297 4058
2009 176 200 274 371 126 296 391 325 132 86 281 74 2732
2010 63 66 62 191 458 393 292 588 470 359 223 340 3506
2011 180 300 474 184 494 203 601 268 416 173 242 224 3758

FINAL REPORT II - 2
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Monthly Rainfall (mm/year)

Year Total
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Des
2012 217 209 565 275 178 444 456 346 192 116 175 151 3323
2013 224 197 155 344 661 170 479 486 221 122 234 216 3508
2014 125 182 202 88 503 341 108 343 94 74 235 200 2495
2015 185 299 220 208 111 479 142 30 9 152 231 84 2150
2016 167 39 88 138 376 331 640 207 443 148 163 182 2923
2017 129 366 290 163 436 462 295 429 653 204 85 124 3636
2018 168 126 104 213 246 338 297 149 109 233 204 - 2186
Rerata 168 197 253 236 359 375 412 340 301 187 205 196 3229

Figure 2.2. Monthly Rainfall of Jefman/Seigun Station in 2006 - 2018

2.2.3. Maximum Daily Rainfall
Based on daily rainfall data over the last 13 years, the annual maximum daily
rainfall in the study area are as follows:

Table 2.3. Annual Maximum Daily Rainfall

Annual Max Daily
No. Year
Rainfall (mm/year)
1 2006 148.00
2 2007 276.40
3 2008 140.10
4 2009 224.20
5 2010 128.00
6 2011 214.20
7 2012 201.10
8 2013 81.10
9 2014 111.00
10 2015 106.00
11 2016 112.10
12 2017 107.20
13 2018 98.70

FINAL REPORT II - 3
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Figure 2.3. Annual Maximum Daily Rainfall of Jefman/Seigun Station in 2006-

2018

2.2.4. Design Rainfall

Design rainfall was the heaviest rainfall which may occur in a certain area at a
certain return period, which is used as the basis for calculation in planning a
dimension of waterworks. Calculation of the design rainfall were based on frequency
analysis, with the main objective to determine the return period of certain valuable
hydrological event, which includes the expected events to be equal or greater than
their mean/average (Subarkah, 1980).

There are several techniques used in the frequency analysis of hydrological

data processing, but which is widely used is the Log Pearson type III with the
consideration, that this method can be used for all kinds of data distribution. The
calculation step to obtained Log Pearson Type III design rainfall are as follows:

1. Sequencing the average rainfall data then converted into a logarithm form.
2. Calculate the mean value of rainfall in logarithms, using the following equation:
n
 log xi
i 1
log x 
n

3. Calculate the value of standard deviation (Si) and coefficient of skewness (Cs)
using the following equation:

FINAL REPORT II - 4
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

 log xi  log x   log xi  log x 

n n
2
n
i 1
Si  i 1 Cs 
n 1 (n  1)(n  2)(Si)3
with:
n = total data

log x = average/mean of annual daily maximum rainfall

xi = rainfall data (mm/day)
4. Calculate the log value from design rainfall with certain return period, with the
following equation :

log xt  log x  G  Si 
with:
xt = design rainfall (mm/day)
G = frequency coefficients
5. Calculate the antilog value from xt, to obtained the value of design rainfall with
certain return period.

2.2.5. Distribution Conformity Test

Distribution conformity test aimed to determine the suitability of the data
provided with the distribution used. There were two kinds of commonly used test,
namely Smirnov-Kolmogorov Test and Chi Square Test.
1) Uji Smirnov-Kolmogorov (horizontal deviation)
Horizontal deviation is expressed with Δmaks. If Δmaks < Δcr (obtained from table)
for certain real degree, then the distribution hypothesis is acceptable. The
calculation steps of Smirnov-Kolmogorov Test, are as follow:
1. Sequencing the rainfall data from small to big
2. Calculate the empirical equation with Weibull equation as follows (Harto,
1993):
m
P  100%
n 1
with:
P = probability (%)
m = data sequence number
n = total data
3. Finding the value of G by the following equation:

FINAL REPORT II - 5
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

𝟑
 log xi  log x 
G   

 Si 
with:
G = frequency coefficient
Si = standart deviation
4. Finding the Pr value through Table of Distribution Log-Pearson III
5. Calculate the value of P(x) by the following equation:
P(x) = 100% – Pr
6. Calculate the difference of Sn(x) dan P(x) with the following equation:
maks  Sn( x )  P( x )

7. Finding the value of Δcr from Smirnov-Kolmogorov table then compared with
Δmaks. If the value of Δmaks < Δcr, then the deviation still within permit limits,
which means observation rainfall data distribution in accordance with the
theoretical distribution model.
2) Uji Chi Square (vertical deviation)
Chi Square test is based on the differences value of the theoretical ordinate
and empirical on the vertical axis. The calculation steps of Chi Square Test are
as follow:
1. Determine the number of the class (k) by the following equation:
k = 1 + 3,22 log n
with:
n = total data
2. Determine the class limit by the following equation:

log xi  log x  G  Si 
with:
xi = rainfall data
G = frequency coefficient
Si = logarithmic standard deviation
3. Calculate the expected frequency (Ej) by the following equation:
n
Ej =
k
4. Determine the observed frequency (Oi)
5. Calculate the rainfall data value difference of calculation results with the
rainfall data value of observation result.

FINAL REPORT II - 6
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

6. Calculate the value of x2 arithmetic by squaring the differences mentioned

above, then divided by the value of each year and summed for all the years.
7. Comparing the value of x2 arithmetic with x2cr, if x2 arithmetic < x2cr, then
the deviation still within permit limits, which means observation rainfall
data distribution in accordance with the theoretical distribution model.

2.2.6. Design Flood Discharge of Rational Method

The method for estimating the flow rate of the top surface which is commonly
used is USSCS Rational Method (1973). This method is very simple and easy to use, but
its use is limited to the small size Watershed, namely less and 300 ha (Goldman et.al.,
1986). Because this model is a black box model, then it can not explain the
relationship of precipitation/rainfall and runoff in the form of hydrograph.
Mathematical equations of the calculation of design flood discharge of Rational
method is expressed in the form:
1
Q= f.r.A = 0,2778 fr. A
3,6

where:
Q = Maximum flood discharge (m3/sec)
f = flow coefficient / runoff
r = Average rainfall intensity during the arrival time of the flood (mm/hour)
A = Watershed (km2)
The meaning of this formula may soon be known that, in the event of rainfall
as long as 1 hour with an intensity of 1 mm / hour in the area of 1 km2, then the flood
discharge amounted 0,2778 m3/second and run off evenly for 1 hour. So this formula is
not classified in the same category with the empirical formulas mentioned above,
because the very different developing process.
Flow coefficient / runoff coefficients
The flow coefficient has 2 definition
(The magnitude of the peak of runoff)
f1 = (The intensity of the rainfall average during the arrival time of the flood)x (Watershed)
(Total Runoff)
f2 = (Total Rainfall)

Flow coefficient f then will be discussed by using the symbol c.

Rational Method was developed based on the assumption that the occured rain
have the uniform intensity and evenly distributed throughout the watershed during at
least equal to the concentration time (tc) of the watershed. If the occured rain the
duration less than tc. Then peak discharge that occurs smaller than Qq because the

FINAL REPORT II - 7
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

entire watershed can not contribute to the flow countinuously at the control point
(outlet). Otherwise, if the occured rain longer than tc, then surface flow peak
discharge will remain the same with Qp.
The value of C that shown in the table still not provided the details of each
factors that influence the value of C. Therefore, Hassing (1995) provides a way of
determining the C factor that integrates the value which represents some of the
factors that affect the relationship between rainfall and the flow, namely topography,
soil permeability, land cover and land use. The value of C coefficient is a combination
of several factors that can be calculated based on the following table.
Table 2.4. Run off Coefficient for Rational Method (McGuen, 1989)
Description of Area Range of Runoff Coefficient
Business
Downtown 0.70-0.95
Neighborhood 0.50-0.70
Residential
Single-family 0.30-0.50
Multiunits, detached 0.40-0.60
Multiunits, attached 0.60-0.75
Residential (suburban) 0.25-0.40
Apartement 0.50-0.70
Industrial
Light 0.50-0.80
Heavy 0.60-0.90
Parks, cemetries 0.10-0.25
Playgrounds 0.20-0.35
Railroad yard 0.20-0.35
Unimproved 0.10-0.30
Character of Surface Range of Runoff Coefficient
Pavement 0.70-0.95
Asphaltic and Concrete 0.75-0.85
Brick 0.75-0.95
Roofs
Lawns, sandy soil
Flat, 2% 0.05-0.10
Average, 2 to 7% 0.10-0.15
Steep, 7% 0.15-0.20
Lawns, heavy soil
Flat, 2% 0.13-0.17
Average, 2 to 7% 0.18-0.22
Steep, 7% 0.25-0.35

FINAL REPORT II - 8
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.5. Flow Coefficient for Rational Method (Hassing, 1995)

Flow Coefficient = C1 + C2 + C3
Topography, C1 Soil, C2 Vegetation, C3
Flat (< 1%) 0.03 Sand and Gravel 0.04 Forest 0.04
Bumpy (1-10%) 0.08 Sandy Clay 0.08 Agriculture 0.11
Hills (10-20%) 0.16 Clay and Slit 0.16 Grassland 0.21
Mountains (>20%) 0.26 Rock Layers 0.26 Without Vegetation 0.28

Figure 2.4. Steps for Using the Rational Formula

FINAL REPORT II - 9
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.6. The Calculation of Statistical Parameter of Annual Maximum Daily

Area Rainfall Data

No. Tahun Xi (mm) P (%) Log Xi Log Xi - Log Xi (Log Xi - Log Xi)3
1 2013 81.10 7.14 1.91 -0.1691 -0.0048
2 2018 98.70 14.29 1.99 -0.0838 -0.0006
3 2015 106.00 21.43 2.03 -0.0528 -0.0001
4 2017 107.20 28.57 2.03 -0.0479 -0.0001
5 2014 111.00 35.71 2.05 -0.0328 0.0000
6 2016 112.10 42.86 2.05 -0.0285 0.0000
7 2010 128.00 50.00 2.11 0.0291 0.0000
8 2008 140.10 57.14 2.15 0.0683 0.0003
9 2006 148.00 64.29 2.17 0.0922 0.0008
10 2012 201.10 71.43 2.30 0.2253 0.0114
11 2011 214.20 78.57 2.33 0.2527 0.0161
12 2009 224.20 85.71 2.35 0.2725 0.0202
13 2007 276.40 92.86 2.44 0.3634 0.0480
Source: Calculation
Total = 1233.300 20.781
Mean = 123.330 2.078
Sd = 33.646 0.109
Cs = 1.412 0.728

Table 2.7. Distribution Requirement

No. Distribution Type Requirement
Ck ≤ 5,4002
1 Gumbel I Method
Cs ≤ 1.139
Cs = 3Cv + Cv3
2 Log Normal Method = 0.6927
Ck = 0
Cs ≠ 0
3 Log Person III Method Ck = 1.5 Cs (ln X)2 + 3
= 3.001

FINAL REPORT II - 10
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.8. Calculation of Design Rainfall of Log Pearson Type III Method
Std
Tr Mean Skewness Probability Design Rainfall
No. Deviation K
(year) (Log) (Log) (Cs) (%) (Log) mm
1 1.01 2.078 0.109 0.728 99.0001 -1.786 1.883 76.395
2 2 2.078 0.109 0.728 50 -0.154 2.061 115.153
3 5 2.078 0.109 0.728 20 0.787 2.164 145.911
4 10 2.078 0.109 0.728 10 1.334 2.224 167.411
5 20 2.078 0.109 0.728 5 1.761 2.270 186.384
6 25 2.078 0.109 0.728 4 1.974 2.294 196.662
7 50 2.078 0.109 0.728 2 2.420 2.342 219.977
8 100 2.078 0.109 0.728 1 2.842 2.389 244.655
9 200 2.078 0.109 0.728 0.5 3.248 2.433 270.891
10 1000 2.078 0.109 0.728 0.1 4.139 2.530 338.933
Source: Calculation
[1] = Number
[2] = Return period
[3] = (SlogXi)/n
[4] = ((S(LogXi-LogX))/(n-1))0,5
[5] = (n.S(LogXi-LogX)3)/((n-1)(n-2)(SLogX)3)
[6] = (1/Tr)*100
[7] = Table of distribution characteristic factor of log person III
Based on Cs value and probability or return period
[8] = LogX + K.SLogX
[9] = Antilog from LogX

Table 2.9. Smirnov Kolmogorov Test Log Pearson Type III Distribution
Xi
No. Log Xi Pe K Pr Pt D (Pt-Pe)
(mm)
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
1 76.40 1.88 0.09 -1.996 0.957 0.043 0.048
2 115.15 2.06 0.18 -1.050 0.847 0.153 0.029
3 145.91 2.16 0.27 -0.504 0.703 0.297 0.024
4 167.41 2.22 0.36 -0.187 0.599 0.401 0.037
5 186.38 2.27 0.45 0.060 0.518 0.482 0.027
6 196.66 2.29 0.55 0.184 0.473 0.527 0.018
7 219.98 2.34 0.64 0.442 0.368 0.632 0.004
8 244.65 2.39 0.73 0.688 0.269 0.731 0.004

FINAL REPORT II - 11
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Xi
No. Log Xi Pe K Pr Pt D (Pt-Pe)
(mm)
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
9 270.89 2.43 0.82 0.922 0.180 0.820 0.002
10 338.93 2.53 0.91 1.439 0.043 0.957 0.047
Source: Calculation Dmax : 0.048
Total = 22.590
Mean = 2.259
Sd = 0.188
Cs = -0.702

[1] = Number
[2] = Data
[3] = Log Xi
[4] = [1]/[n+1]
n : Total Data
[5] = (LogXi-LogX)/SlogX
[6] = (interpolation based on the value of Cs and K)/100
[7] = 1-[6]
[8] = [7]-[4]

α Dcr Dmax Requirement Conclusion

0.2 0.320 0.048 Accepted
0.1 0.370 0.048 Accepted
Dcr>Dmax
0.05 0.410 0.048 Accepted
0.01 0.490 0.048 Accepted

Table 2.10. Chi Square Test Log Pearson Type III Distribution
Log person equation: Log X=Log X+K.SlogX
From Struges equation G=1+3,322 Log n, then the group division as many as 4
Probability Interval = 0,250

No. Pr K Log X X Class Limit Oi Ei (Oi-Ei)2/Ei

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
1 75 -0.647 2.14 137.12 X < 137.12 2 2.50 0.10
2 50 0.116 2.28 190.96 137.12 < X < 190.96 3 2.50 0.10
3 25 0.734 2.40 249.58 190.96 < X < 249.58 3 2.50 0.10
4 X > 249.58 2 2.50 0.10
Source: Calculation Jumlah 10 10 0.40

FINAL REPORT II - 12
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Information :
[1] = Number
[2] = Occurred probability
[3] = interpolation based the Pr value and Cs
[4] = Log X + G.SlogX
[5] = antilog [4]
[6] = class limit in accordance with X value
[7] = total data in accordance with class limit
[8] =SOi/n, where n = total of subgroup
[9] = ([7]-[8])2/[8]

Total of class distribution:

G = 1 + 3,322 log n = 1 + 3,322 log 10
=4
dk = k – (P + 1) = 5 – (2+1)
=2
For a = 5%, X2 arithmetic = 0.40
Then X2 table = 5,991
Then X2 arithmetic < X2 table, which means that the distribution is appropriate.

Analysis of Flood Discharge of Run off on drainage channels shows as follow:

Catchment area (A) : 55000 m2
Groove Length (L) : 1000 m
Slope (S) : 1/300
: 0.0033
Δh : 3.33 m
Celerity Flood (W) : 0.65 m/sec
Concentration Time (Tc) : 0.43
Design Rainfall : 196.66 mm/day
Rainfall intensity design (R) : 120.51 mm/hour
Run off coefficient (C) : 0.60
Flood Discharge Design Q25 : 1.10 m3/sec
Analysis of the needs of the power plant dimensions of the drainage system
shows as follow:

FINAL REPORT II - 13
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Figure 2.5. Drainage Scheme and Catchment Area

FINAL REPORT II - 14
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.11. Power Plant Drainage System Design

Theoritical Channel's
Flood Channel Sectional Channel
Flow Flow Channel Free Channel's Wall
Drainage Discharge Width Area of Spillout
Depth Rate Discharge board Wall Height Channels
Channel Design Dimension Wet Check
Height Design Function
Code
Q25 years B H V A Q25 years F H*=H+F H**=H+F
3 2 3 3
(m /s) (m) (m) (m/sec) (m ) (m /sec) (m /sec) (m) (m) (m)
S1 1.10 1.00 0.63 1.64 0.63 1.10 0.00 0.30 1.00 1.00 Primary
S2 0.11 0.60 0.19 0.91 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.10 0.30 0.50 Secondary
Source: Calculation
Note: Q flow = (1/n) . A . R2/3 . S1/2
n Manning = 0.015

FINAL REPORT II - 15
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

2.2.7. Maximum Wind Speed and Dominant Wind Direction

Analysis of Speed and wind direction is reviewed from two aspects namely:
• Maximum Wind Speed
• Dominant Wind Direction
Wind data used was monthly wind data obtained from recording results of the
Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of Jefman/Seigun Station,
Sorong Regency in year 2006 – 2018.
To determine the frequency of wind events with maximum wind speed, wind
data daily for 13 years are classified in several classes at intervals of 3 m/sec based
on the wind direction. Then calculated the percentage of occurrence /events for each
direction of the wind.
Table 2.12. Frequency of Maximum Wind Events (knot) in 2006-2018
Frequency of Maximum Wind Events (Knots)
Wind
No. 1-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 > 12 Total
Direction
knots knots knots knots knots knots knots
1 N 3 7 8 2 3 0 1 24
2 NE 2 8 0 3 1 0 0 14
3 E 0 9 7 4 0 0 0 20
4 SE 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 3
5 S 0 0 4 11 4 2 0 21
6 SW 0 1 14 5 0 0 0 20
7 W 0 6 34 8 0 0 0 48
8 NW 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 5
Sub-Total 5 31 70 36 9 2 2 155
Calms 0
Total 155

Table 2.13. Frequency of Maximum Wind Events (%) in 2006-2018

Wind Events Percentage (%)
Wind Total
No. 1-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 > 12
Direction (%)
knots knots knots knots knots knots knots
1 N 1.94 4.52 5.16 1.29 1.94 0.00 0.65 15.48
2 NE 1.29 5.16 0.00 1.94 0.65 0.00 0.00 9.03
3 E 0.00 5.81 4.52 2.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.90
4 SE 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.65 1.94
5 S 0.00 0.00 2.58 7.10 2.58 1.29 0.00 13.55
6 SW 0.00 0.65 9.03 3.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.90
7 W 0.00 3.87 21.94 5.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.97
8 NW 0.00 0.00 1.29 1.29 0.65 0.00 0.00 3.23

FINAL REPORT II - 16
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Wind Events Percentage (%)

Wind Total
No. 1-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 > 12
Direction (%)
knots knots knots knots knots knots knots
Sub-Total 3.23 20.00 45.16 23.23 5.81 1.29 1.29 100.00
Calms 0.00
Total 100

Figure 2.6. Rose Diagram of Annual Maximum Wind

2.2.8. Climate
The length of sunlight radiation inversely proportional to the number of rainy
days each month. According to Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency
(BMKG) of Jefman Station, Sorong Regency based on the data, the highest of number
rainfall day is on March, which count to 28 days with the length of sunlight radiation
about 39%.
Table 2.14. Average of Temperature and Air Humidity by Month for 2017
Temperature oC Air Humidity %
Month
Max Min Average Max Min Average
January 31.8 24.6 27.4 96 67 88
February 31.5 24.6 27.3 96 68 85
March 31.2 24.3 27.4 96 65 85
April 31.7 24.5 27.5 96 68 85
May 31.5 24.7 27.4 97 70 87
June 30.8 24.2 26.5 97 72 87
July 30.5 24.0 26.3 98 73 89
August 31.1 24.0 26.6 98 71 88
September 30.8 24.1 26.5 98 74 90

FINAL REPORT II - 17
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Temperature oC Air Humidity %

Month
Max Min Average Max Min Average
October 31.8 24.6 27.5 97 68 86
November 32.0 24.6 27.4 96 68 86
December 32.1 24.8 27.3 96 68 85
Source: Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of Sorong
Table 2.15. Average Atmospheric Pressure, Wind Velocity and Duration of
Sunshine by Month for 2017
Atmospheric Duration of
Wind Velocity Evaporation
Month Pressure Sunshine
(knot) (mm/day)
(mb) (hour)
January 1010.3 3.6 7.2 6.02
February 1008.9 3.8 6.1 5.75
March 1009.0 2.0 4.5 5.81
April 1009.3 3.1 7.2 5.90
May 1009.0 3.4 7.2 6.05
June 1009.9 2.0 6.3 5.99
July 1010.0 1.9 6.8 5.96
August 1009.5 2.3 8.3 5.87
September 1009.5 3.8 3.6 6.24
October 1008.1 4.4 6.5 6.24
November 1006.8 4.4 6.5 6.21
December 1007.5 4.6 6.4 6.05
Source: Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of Sorong
Table 2.16. Ammount of Rainfall and Number of Rainy Days by Month for 2017
Month Rainfall (mm) Number of Rainy Days
January 128 25
February 372 20
March 338 22
April 241 22
May 528 25
June 447 24
July 273 28
August 487 25
September 734 28
October 192 11
November 85 9
December 116 13
Source: Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of Sorong

FINAL REPORT II - 18
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.17. Summary of Secondary Data

General Climate Condition

Maximum 98 %
Humidity Minimum 65 %
Average 87 %
o
Maximum 32 C
Temperature o
Minimum 24 C
(dry bulb)
o
Average 27 C
o
Maximum 25 C
Temperature o
Minimum 19 C
(wet bulb)
o
Average 21 C
Maximum (annually) 829.26 mm/year
Maximum (monthly) 276.4 mm/month
Average Rainfall
Rainfall 829.26 mm/year
(Annually Mean)
Maximum daily rainfall 215.2 mm/day
November-
Rainfall Season
September
Maximum Speed 12.4 knots
Wind speed
Dominant direction West
Maximum 6.24 mm/day
Evaporation Minimum 5.75 mm/day
Average 6.01 mm/day
Maximum 1010.50 milibar
Atmospheric
Minimum 1006.80 milibar
Pressure
Average 1009.13 milibar
Source: Calculation Result

2.3. SEA CURRENT

To calibrate the sea current simulation near the power plant location,
sea current measurements have been done at some point. The sea current
measurement results can be seen in the following table with a sea current
direction is from West to East.

FINAL REPORT II - 19
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.18. Measurement of Sea Current Result

P1 coordinate (Left Side of the Sea) = X: 0750095 ; Y: 9887347
P2 coordinate (Right Side of the Sea) = X: 0750617 ; Y: 9887649
1st 2nd 3rd
Measure- Measure- Measure- Measurement
Date Location Depth
ment ment ment Average (m/s)
(m/s) (m/s) (m/s)
0.2 d 0.13162 0.18998 0.36506 0.27752
P1 0.6 d 0.30670 0.13162 0.07326 0.17053
3 Januari
0.8 d 0.42342 0.30670 0.18000 0.30337
2019
0.2 d 0.07326 0.17053 0.18000 0.14126
(Neap)
P2 0.6 d 0.07326 0.07326 0.07326 0.07326
0.8 d 0.07326 0.07326 0.07326 0.07326
0.2 d 0.14152 0.17506 0.27526 0.19728
P1 0.6 d 0.20570 0.16162 0.17326 0.18019
3 Januari
0.8 d 0.22362 0.30670 0.18000 0.23677
2019
0.2 d 0.07326 0.13162 0.07326 0.09271
(Tide)
P2 0.6 d 0.07326 0.07326 0.07326 0.07326
0.8 d 0.07326 0.07326 0.07326 0.07326
0.2 d 0.30670 0.27526 0.14152 0.24116
P1 0.6 d 0.18098 0.18000 0.14152 0.16750
4 Januari
0.8 d 0.40346 0.32507 0.14152 0.29002
2019
0.2 d 0.05152 0.08996 0.12670 0.08939
(Neap)
P2 0.6 d 0.08996 0.07326 0.05152 0.07158
0.8 d 0.10162 0.05152 0.07326 0.07547
0.2 d 0.24286 0.27679 0.13745 0.21903
P1 0.6 d 0.13179 0.19371 0.15411 0.15987
4 Januari
0.8 d 0.19073 0.27052 0.17089 0.21071
2019
0.2 d 0.13126 0.08466 0.14291 0.11961
(Tide)
P2 0.6 d 0.06928 0.15654 0.10496 0.11026
0.8 d 0.15068 0.12825 0.05984 0.11292
0.2 d 0.15099 0.15377 0.20144 0.16873
P1 0.6 d 0.13307 0.18411 0.18053 0.16590
5 Januari
0.8 d 0.17667 0.19937 0.30575 0.22726
2019
0.2 d 0.12102 0.09885 0.12042 0.11343
(Neap)
P2 0.6 d 0.08867 0.09503 0.17451 0.11940
0.8 d 0.05676 0.11698 0.07767 0.08380
0.2 d 0.16896 0.30264 0.20112 0.22424
P1 0.6 d 0.22740 0.15042 0.18441 0.18741
5 Januari
0.8 d 0.18003 0.29494 0.20499 0.22665
2019
0.2 d 0.11326 0.16051 0.07530 0.11636
(Tide)
P2 0.6 d 0.07037 0.12065 0.06070 0.08391
0.8 d 0.08936 0.08795 0.08553 0.08761

2.4. WATER QUALITY

To determine the quality of sea water and fresh water from community wells
in the location plan PLTMG Sorong, has been tested in situ test in the field, laboratory
test samples of sea water samples of freshwater, and the test results can be seen in
the tables below.

FINAL REPORT II - 20
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.19. Measurement of Sea Water Quality Result

Measurement date = 3 Januari 2019
P1 coordinate (Left Side of the Sea) = X: 0750095 ; Y: 9887347
P2 coordinate (Right Side of the Sea) = X: 0750617 ; Y: 9887649
Value
Parameter Units P1- P2- P1- P2-
Neap Neap Tide Tide
Temperature °C 29.75 29.75 31.28 31.28
pH pH 7.66 7.69 7.73 7.70
pH (mV) pHmV -126 -1.29 -132 -132
Oxidation Reduction
ORPmV 183 186 194 194
Potential
Conductivity mS/cm 45.5 45.6 46.0 46.0
Turbidity NTU 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dissolved Oxygen mg/L DO 5.55 5.78 6.30 6.10
DO Consentration % DO 87.4 91.2 101.8 101.5
Total Dissolved Solid g/L TDS 27.8 27.8 28.0 28.0
Salinity Ppt 29.5 29.5 29.8 29.7
Seawater specific gravity σt 17.8 17.9 17.6 17.5

Figure 2.7. Sea Current and Water Quality Measurement Location

FINAL REPORT II - 21
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.20. Tide Sea Water Quality Laboratory Test Result

FINAL REPORT II - 22
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.21. Neap Sea Water Quality Laboratory Test Result

FINAL REPORT II - 23
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.22. Bore Hole Water Quality Laboratory Test Result

FINAL REPORT II - 24
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.23. Residential Well Water Quality Laboratory Test Result

FINAL REPORT II - 25
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Table 2.24. Water Quality Laboratory Test Summary

Result

No. Parameter Unit Sea Water Ground Water

Residential
Tide Neap Bore Hole
Well Water
A PHYSICAL TEST
1 Temperature **) Celcius 25.4 25.2 25.1 25.2
Total Dissolved
2 mg/L 7.0 7.0 8800 247.6
Solid (TDS)
Total Suspended
3 mg/L 10.27 9.11 6710 6.3
Solid (TSS)
B CHEMICAL TEST
1 pH mg/L 540.5 630.4 8.0 5.9
2 BOD mg/L 35.5 24.5 4730 7.80
3 COD mg/L 32400 36000 13900 16.21
4 Fluoride mg/L 3.311 2.619 0.2691 <0.0821
5 Chloride mg/L 21924 25696 6387 11.8
6 Nitrate (NO3) mg/L 2.720 2.205 16.58 1.859
7 Nitrite (NO2) mg/L 0.0829 0.0196 0.0168 0.0033
Ammoniac
8 mg/L 0.7464 0.7527 0.0186 0.0228
(NH3_N)
9 Sulfide (H2S) mg/L <0.0136 <0.0136 0.0324 0.0438

10 Phenol mg/L <0.0018 <0.0018 0.0061 0.0012

Anion Surfactant
11 mg/L 0.0961 0.1021 0.0438 0.0445
(MBAS)
12 Cyanide mg/L <0.0018 <0.0018 0.0051 <0.0020
13 Oil Content mg/L 2.5 <0.9935 4.5 6.0
14 Chromium VI mg/L <0.0132 <0.0132 0.0321 0.0197
15 Arsen mg/L <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0004 <0.0004
16 Barium mg/L <0.0963 <0.0963 <0.1016 <0.1016
17 Cadmium mg/L <0.0018 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.0015
18 Copper (cu) mg/L <0.0164 <0.0164 <0.0157 <0.0157
19 Total Chromium mg/L <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0105 <0.0105
20 Iron mg/L 0.2672 0.1227 <0.0208 <0.0208
21 Mercury mg/L <0.0003x10-1 <0.0003x10-1 <0.0003x10-1 <0.0003x10-1
22 Manganese mg/L 0.3115 0.1271 <0.0104 <0.0104
23 Nickel mg/L <0.0308 <0.0308 <0.0302 <0.0302
24 Lead mg/L <0.0015 <0.0015 <0.0014 <0.0014
25 Selenium mg/L <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0003 <0.0003

FINAL REPORT II - 26
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Result

No. Parameter Unit Sea Water Ground Water

Residential
Tide Neap Bore Hole
Well Water
26 Zinc mg/L 0.0678 0.0339 <0.0057 0.0431
27 Cobalt mg/L <0.0064 <0.0064 <0.0071 <0.0071
28 Stanum (sn) mg/L <0.1012 <0.1012 <0.1012 <0.1012

FINAL REPORT II - 27
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

2.1. GENERAL.................................................................................... 1
2.2. RAINFALL ................................................................................... 1
2.2.1. Annual Rainfall.......................................................................... 1
2.2.2. Monthly Rainfall ........................................................................ 2
2.2.3. Maximum Daily Rainfall................................................................ 3
2.2.4. Design Rainfall .......................................................................... 4
2.2.5. Distribution Conformity Test ......................................................... 5
2.2.6. Design Flood Discharge of Rational Method ........................................ 7
2.2.7. Maximum Wind Speed and Dominant Wind Direction ............................ 16
2.2.8. Climate ................................................................................. 17
2.3. FLOW VELOCITY ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4. WATER QUALITY .......................................................................... 20

Table 2.1. Annual Rainfall .................................................................... 2

Table 2.2. Monthly Rainfall ................................................................... 2
Table 2.3. Annual Maximum Daily Rainfall ................................................. 3
Table 2.4. Run off Coefficient for Rational Method (McGuen, 1989) ................... 8
Table 2.5. Flow Coefficient for Rational Method (Hassing, 1995)....................... 9
Table 2.6. The Calculation of Statistical Parameter of Annual Maximum Daily Area
Rainfall Data ................................................................................... 10
Table 2.7. Distribution Requirement ....................................................... 10
Table 2.8. Calculation of Design Rainfall of Log Pearson Type III Method ............ 11
Table 2.9. Smirnov Kolmogorov Test Log Pearson Type III Distribution ............... 11
Table 2.10. Chi Square Test Log Pearson Type III Distribution ........................ 12
Table 2.11. Power Plant Drainage System Design ....................................... 15
Table 2.12. Frequency of Maximum Wind Events (knot) in 2006-2018 ............... 16
Table 2.13. Frequency of Maximum Wind Events (%) in 2006-2018 ................... 16
Table 2.14. Measurement of Sea Flow Velocity at Sea Result ......................... 20
Table 2.15. Measurement of Sea Water Quality Result ................................ 21
Table 2.16. Tide Sea Water Quality Laboratory Test Result ........................... 22
Table 2.17. Neap Sea Water Quality Laboratory Test Result .......................... 23
Table 2.18. Bore Hole Water Quality Laboratory Test Result ......................... 24
Table 2.19. Residential Well Water Quality Laboratory Test Result ................. 25
Table 2.20. Water Quality Laboratory Test Summary .................................. 26

FINAL REPORT II - 28
 SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Figure 2.1. Annual Rainfall of Jefman/Seigun Station in 2006 - 2018 ............. 2

Figure 2.2. Monthly Rainfall of Jefman/Seigun Station in 2006 - 2018 ............ 3
Figure 2.3. Annual Maximum Daily Rainfall of Jefman/Seigun Station in 2006-
2018 4
Figure 2.4. Steps for Using the Rational Formula ..................................... 9
Figure 2.5. Rose Diagram of Annual Maximum Wind ................................ 17

FINAL REPORT II - 29