International conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)
(I-SMAC 2017)
Smart Health Monitoring System of Patient
Through IoT
S Pradeep Kumar
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Potti Sriramulu Chalavadi Mallikarjunarao College of
Engineering and Technology, Vijayawada, India.
satpradeep@gmail.com
Abstract— Present day’s IoT brings the gadgets together and
assumes a fundamental part in different methodologies like smart
home mechanization, savvy urban areas, vehicle parking, traffic
control, brilliant industries, smart environment, agribusiness
fields and patient health monitoring system and so on. One of the
approaches is to monitor the health state of the patient and
screen it to doctors or paramedical staff through the IoT, as it is
hard to screen the patient for 24 hours. So here the patient health
condition or status i.e. Pulse rate, Respiratory rate, Body
Temperature, Position of the body, Blood glucose, ECG and so on
can be measured by utilizing the Non-invasive sensors. These
sensors are associated with the Arduino Uno board, it gathers the
information i.e. biomedical data from the sensors and the
detected biomedical information can be transmitted to the server.
The "Thingspeak" named new cloud is utilized here to place the
detected information into the server. From this server the
information can be envisioned to the specialists and other
paramedical staff by Thingspeak android app. In this way by
utilizing this Smart health monitoring system diminishes the
exertion of specialists and paramedical staff to screen the patient
for 24 hours and furthermore lessens the time and cost of
support.
Keywords—Internet of Things (IoT), Arduino Uno,
Thingspeak.
I. INTRODUCTION
India confronting an issue of absence of Doctors, from the
most recent report of the Medical Council of India (MCI) we
have 10.4 lakh specialists enlisted in Register of India
Medical. In that 10.4 lakh, the 80% of specialists presently
serves the patient at same time. It is 8.32 lakh specialists may
be truly available for dynamic support to patient. In India
specialists and patient proportion is around 1:1568 at odds
with the World Health Organization standard of 1:1000. The
60,000 doctors and 28,000 post graduation doctors are moved
on from different colleges once a year.
There are around 11.65 lakh medical caretakers enlisted in
Nursing Council of India. In that just 42% are in dynamic
service. As per the suggests an attendant patient proportion of
1:1 in intensive care unit, 1:3 in the general care unit and 1:6
in the emergency ward. On the off chance 45 nurses are
978-1-5090-3243-3/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE
Vemuri Richard Ranjan Samson, U Bharath Sai,
P L S D Malleswara Rao, K Kedar Eswar
UG Students
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Potti Sriramulu Chalavadi Mallikarjunarao College of
Engineering and Technology, Vijayawada, India.
richardssamsonvemuri@gmail.com
require for the every 15 patient, as 15 will work in every shift.
You additionally require 30% leave save. This is the reason
there is an immense deficiency of medical attendants. We
require double the current number of nursing experts to adjust
the diminishing patient-nurture proportion.
In this way, it is clear there is just a single doctor for 2000
patients and requires twofold sum paramedical staff for
present existing staff. It is impractical to rise to the patient and
specialist proportion and multiplying the paramedical staff.
Smart Health Monitoring System through IoT [1] approach is
utilized to decrease the endeavors of the doctors and
paramedical staff [12]. This strategy is likewise comfort for
the patient since it lessens the enormous hardware, which
presently utilized as a part of ICU's.
II. RELATED WORK
Wireless health monitoring system (WHMS) has drawn
extensive considerations from the examination group and also
industry amid the most recent decade. Various and yearly
expanding innovative work endeavors have been posted in the
written works. We have constrained this push to incorporate
just a portion of the extremely late related works. Continuous
portable human services framework for observing the elderly
patients from indoor or outside areas has been displayed in [2].
DONG Jun [4] additionally depicts the design of a wearable
ECG screen that is quiet area free and gives persistent
checking. The signs from the sensors are transmitted utilizing
Bluetooth to the PDA in its range, which can thus be sending
to the goal through web.
III. PROPOSED DESIGN
The general design of IoT applications can be partitioned
into three layers: the detecting layer, the transport layer and
the application layer.
In the Detecting layer to measure the body temperature we
utilized DS18B20 body water resist body temperature sensor.
To measure the heart beat Rate of the patient by utilizing pulse
sensor amped is utilized. It has its own particular visualizer to
picture the heart beat waveform, BPM and IBI. To recognize
the patient's body position we utilizing accelerometer
ADXL335. It gives the data about whether the patient is
551
 International conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)
(I-SMAC 2017)

sitting, resting, sleeping, walking, jumping or front-bend and

different conditions. To recognize the Electrocardiogram and
Electromyogram we utilized AD8232 Heart-Rate observing
sensor. This Bio data from the sensors is checked persistently
in Arduino utilizing the serial monitor.

Fig-2: DS18B20 Body Temperature Sensor

Features:

Power Supply Range: 3.0V to 5.5V

Fig-1: The Proposed design Operating Temperature -55oC to +125oC (-67F to
Range: +257F)
Storage Temperature -55oC to +125oC (-67F to
In the Transport layer we send the information to the cloud Range +257F
by utilizing the Arduino with the assistance of an Ethernet
Accuracy over the range of ±0.50c
shield or Wi-Fi Module ESP8266. Here we utilize the open
cloud server i.e. “Thingspeak"[11] to make it accessible in -10C to +85C
cloud, with the end goal that the data can be gotten to anyplace Size of Sheath 6*50mm
on the planet. Here in the Thingspeak server we make an own Connector: RJ11/RJ12, 3P-2510, USB.
account and we make a different channel by the name of our Pin Definition: RED: VCC
project. So in the wake of making the channel we get a YELLOW: DATA
remarkable id and API-key to compose the information to the BLACK: GND
cloud. This API key is utilized while programming in Arduino Cable length: 1 meter, 2m, 3m, 4m are
with the end goal that the information in put in the server and available
at the application layer we can recover the information by the
utilization of one of a kind API key to such an extent that the
information can be obtained from the server. Applications:

IV. PATIENT MONITORING ELEMENTS
A. Body Temparature Sensor
The DS18B20 is the one of the best reasonable sensor for
measuring the human body temperature (exact to
±0.5°Centigrate over the extent of - 10°C to +85°C) [3]. We
can put these sensors at different spots of the human body like
on forehead, under arms and even under the tongue on account
of its waterproof. The DS18B20 has three wires i.e. VCC,
GND, DATA are mounted in a solitary wire. This temperature
sensor is connected to the
Since each DS18B20 contains an ideal silicon serial
number, more numerous DS18B20s can exist on the same
1Wire transport. This considers putting temperature sensors in
a wide range of spots. Applications where this component is
valuable incorporate HVAC natural controls, detecting
temperatures inside structures, gear or apparatus, and process
checking and control [9].
B. Pulse rate Sensor
Heart rate information can be truly helpful whether you're
planning a practice schedule, concentrate your movement or

978-1-5090-3243-3/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 552

 International conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)
(I-SMAC 2017)

nervousness levels or simply need your shirt to flicker with 3. Heart beat with your pulse.
your heart beat. The issue is that heart rate can be hard to 4. Heart rate window updates every beat.
quantify. Fortunately, the Pulse Sensor Amped can take care 5. Time between heartbeats.
of that issue!
The Pulse Sensor Amped is an attachment and play heart-
rate sensor for Arduino. It can be utilized by understudies,
specialists, competitors, producers, and amusement and
versatile engineers who need to effectively join live heart-rate
information into their tasks. It basically consolidates a basic
optical heart rate sensor with enhancement and noise
cancelation hardware making it quick and simple to get solid
heartbeat readings. Additionally, it tests control with only
4mA current draw at 5V so it's awesome for portable
applications.
Simply attach the Pulse Sensor to your ear cartilage or
fingertip and connect it to your 3 or 5 Volt Arduino and you're
prepared to peruse heart rate! The 24" link on the Pulse Sensor Fig-4: Heart Waveforms in Pulse Sensor Amped Visualizer
is ended with standard male headers so there is no soldering We will likely discover progressive snapshots of
required. Obviously Arduino illustration code is accessible immediate heart beat from graphical show on Pulse Sensor
and additionally a Processing sketch for imagining heart rate Amped Visualizer. We then measure the time between these
information. moments, called the Inter Beat Interval (IBI). Heart Rate (HR)
is the interval between progressive hearts pulsates (I.B.I.).
Features:
IBI is contrarily identified with HR by the condition
o Diameter = 0.625" (~16mm) HR = 60000/IBI;
o Overall thickness = 0.125" (~3mm)
o Cable length = 24" (~609mm) Here IBI is computed in milliseconds.
o Voltage = 3V to 5V As we realize that, each human has diverse pulse rate as
o Current consumption = ~4mA at 5V indicated by their age and sexual orientation. There are
numerous approaches to ascertain the pulse. For this paper, the
There are three primary links in the beat sensor as greatest pulse rate can be assessed by utilizing the ordinarily
appeared in Figure 3. They are red wire, dark wire and purple utilized equation i.e. (220-age) or more exact recipe (208-0.7 x
wire. Each of them should be associated with the Arduino age) [5].
board to reach. The red wire need to interface with +3V to The maximum heart rate for each person from the age of
+5V stick dark wire to GND (Ground) stick and purple wire to 19 to 60 is exhibited in the beneath table
the information stick. Beat Sensor is utilized to identify the
pulse through ear cartilage. Basically, Pulse Sensor is a C. Body Position Sensor:
Photoplethysmograph which is typically measure blood-
oxygen level (SpO2). Photoplethysmograph gives heart beat The accelerometer ADXL335 is utilized to distinguish the
information which is an analog swing in voltage. position of patient i.e. whether the patient is sitting, sleeping,
walking, jumping and at front bend. Each of these exercises is
recognized by the utilization of three axis accelerometer.

Fig-3: Pulse Sensor Amped

The beat sensor Amped has its own particular

visualizer through Arduino which is appeared in figure. Fig-5: Accelerometer ADXL335
Table.1: Relationship amongst age and maximum extreme
1. Pulse window with live heartbeat waveform. pulse rate.
2. Use scrollbar to scale Pulse window.

978-1-5090-3243-3/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 553

 International conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)
(I-SMAC 2017)

Age Max HR Max HR Age Max HR Max HR

(220- (208-0.7 (220- (208-0.7
age) x age) age) x age)
19 201 194 40 180 179
20 200 193 41 179 178
21 199 192 42 178 178
22 198 192 43 177 177
23 197 191 44 176 176
24 196 190 45 175 176
25 195 190 46 174 175
26 194 189 47 173 174
27 193 188 48 172 173
28 192 187 49 171 173 Fig-6: ECG and EMG Measurring sensor AD8232
29 191 186 50 170 172
30 190 185 51 169 171 The Electrical system of the heart controls the
31 189 185 52 168 171 generation and propagation of Electrical signals through the
32 188 185 53 167 170 heart muscle it periodically contrasts and relaxes to pump
33 187 184 54 166 169 blood during each heartbeat. The healthy heart will have an
34 186 183 55 165 169 orderly progression depolarization. Depolarization is a sudden
35 185 183 56 164 168 electrical change with in the cell become positive for a brief
36 184 182 57 163 167 time. Depolarization starts with pacemaker cells in the
37 183 181 58 162 166 sinoatrial nerve spreads out through the atrio ventricular node
into the bundle of His fiber and into the purkinje fibers
38 182 180 59 161 166
spreading down and to the left through the ventricles unlike all
39 181 180 60 160 165
other nerves cells that requires stimulus to fire [8]. The
sinoatrial nerve can be considered self-oscillating or self-firing
The ADXL335 is a little, thin, low power, complete 3-axis
it repeatedly gives Depolarization discharge and then
accelerometer with signal molded voltage yields. The item
repolarizes and fire again it can be compared to working of
measures speeding up with a base full-scale extend of ±3 g. It
relaxation oscillator in Electronics. In fact, enforced artificial
can quantify the static increasing speed of gravity in tilt
pacemakers the relaxation oscillator is used, which acts as the
sensing applications, and also dynamic increasing speed
sinoatrial nerve.
coming about from movement, shock, or swing.
The membranes of living cells acts like charge
capacitors one of the difference is that between capacitors and
The beneath figure-4 demonstrates the accelerometer
membrane is that the capacitors can be charged and discharged
ADXL335. It have of five pins named as Vcc, Gnd, x, y, and
much faster than living cells. This is attributed to the slow
z. The Vcc pin is have to interface with +3V to +5V and Gnd
mechanical nature of ionic nature in living cells. The
pin is interfaced with ground pin of Arduino board. The
Electrodes placed at patient body detect the small changes of
staying three pins are simple information pins which are
Electro potential on the skin that arise from the heart muscle
interfaced at the analog pins of Arduino board i.e. A1, A2, A3,
depolarizing during reach heart beat unlike in a conventional
A4, and A5.
tripled ECG in which tend Electrodes placed on patients limbs
and chest.
The accelerometer has the analog output data i.e. x-axis
data, y-axis data and z-axis data. The x-axis data is used to
know whether the patient is slept on the bet completely in
1800, patient is sitting on the bed i.e. 900. When the patient is
slept then analog data Between 350 to 380 displayed on the
screen monitor and when it is in sitting or at standing then the
analog reading is above 400. The y-axis data is used to know
whether the patient is slept

D. ECG Measuring Sensor:

The AD8232 Heart Rate Monitor module is used to
analyze the Electrocardiogram as well as Electromyogram.
ECG sensor has three leads that can be placed at various
positions on the human body like on chest, on hands etc.
Fig-7: Position of leads
Here for simplicity we use only fire electrodes placed on
limbs or just on chest. The magnitude range of the voltage is
only 100 μV to about 5 mV.

978-1-5090-3243-3/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 554

 International conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)
(I-SMAC 2017)

For this project we used AD8232 Single lead heart beat

monitor kit connected to the Arduino computer. This kit is
convenient because it has all the necessary things. The body
call, the electrode and wires.
The Arduino board is used only for providing 3.3V power
supply to the ECD board and transfer information to personal
computer. It is possible to use the power supply on the board
from 2AA batteries and to connect on oscilloscope on which
the same picture can be viewed. A laptop without connection
with the AC power adapter is used for safety reasons.
The AD8232 is an integrated circuit developed by analog
devices several years ago. It contains everything that is
necessary to extract amplify and filter the small Bio potential
signal in no easy conditions. Fig-8: Thingspeak cloud with patient channels
The Heart monitor kit is also used for EMG. EMG
recording of the electrical activity produced by Skeleton As showed in the above figure, we have made four unique
muscles is used as a diagnostic technique. channels and named them as patient – 1,2,3,4. There are
diverse sub-sections in every channel, for example, private,
public. Where are the private can be empowered to such an
V. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
extent that the information can be gotten to just by the
approved people who comprises of the exceptional API-Key
Here we utilize the information that has been composed to and whereas out in the public anybody with the channel-ID
the cloud to screen the patient's wellbeing condition. While can access to the information. Also, we can Import/Export the
making a channel in the Thingspeak server we make Data in excel sheet for nitty-gritty perception of the patient.
distinctive channels for our utilization, for instance, we make a
channel which incorporates the information of specific patient,
and another channel for the other and as so on. In every VI. RESULTS
individual channel we make sub fields for various wellbeing
parameters including Blood pressure, Body position, The graphical representation of the information of the
Temperature, Sugar levels and so forth. We can investigate the patient-1 is demonstrated i.e. body temperature, Heartbeat,
whole information of the patient in a graphical view. Indeed, body position, ECG, SP02, and EMG are as showed up in the
even we can utilize this information for investigation in fig-10 which is observed by signing into the Thingspeak
MATLAB for further more operations. As we utilize the server through a personal computer which has Time in x-axis
Thingspeak open cloud server to screen the information, every and the parameter in y-axis. Though, fig-11 demonstrates the
last esteem that has been gotten from the sensor placed at the information of the patient that is seen through the android
patients end is exchanged straightforwardly for every 15 versatile application, which gives more point by point data, as
seconds of regular intervals. The information that has been it demonstrates the most extreme and minimum values
built into the Thingspeak server every last information is including the time stamps. Indeed, even the Location of the
acquired in a graphical frame containing an x-axis and y-axis patient can be known remotely thought the location service in
speaking to the time and values respectively. With the end Thingspeak server i.e. appeared in fig-9
goal that any sudden changes in the patient’s wellbeing
condition can be observed rapidly and prompt can be made to
the individual authorities. Indeed, even we can utilize this data
for posting a tweet with the end goal that the patient prosperity
status can be known to devotees. We can control the tweets
that they can be sent when the patient wellbeing condition is
unusual or even we can give a particular time to the open-
cloud to tweet the patient wellbeing report. We had a
Thingspeak Android application to such an extent that the
patient information can be observed independently in a
protected way with the assistance of the special API-key.
Indeed, even this information is put away for a lifetime and
can be gotten to whenever consequently can be utilized for
future references.

Fig-9: Patient location in Thingspeak open cloud

server

978-1-5090-3243-3/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 555

 International conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)
(I-SMAC 2017)

VII. CONCLUSION

Previously, the sensors that are utilized for observing the

patient's status are not such an exact, but rather here the
sensors we utilized are essentially precise and appropriate for
ongoing checking intelligently. So as we are utilizing
Thingspeak named new android application and new open
source cloud, the Doctor can screen the patient's condition
24*7 and any abrupt changes in patient's status is notified to
the Doctor or Paramedical staff through a toast notification.
What's more, as the information is accessible in the
Thingspeak server, the patient's condition can be checked
remotely from anyplace on the planet. Aside from simply
seeing the pervious information of a patient, we can utilize this
information for snappy comprehension and curing the patient's
health by respective experts.

VIII. REFERENCES

[1] Andrea Zanella, Nicola Bui, Angelo Castellani, Lorenzo Vangelista, and
Fig-10: The biomedical information of the patient in the Michele Zorzi, " Internet of Things for Smart Cities", IEEE Internet Of
Thingspeak website Things Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp 22-32, February 2014.
[2] Bourouis, A., Feham, M., and Bouchachia, A.(2011), “ Ubiquitous
Mobile Health Monitoring System for Elderly (UMHMSE)”,
International Journal of Computer Science and Information
Technology,Vol.2, No. 3, June, pp. 74-82
[3] Chien-Nan Lee, , Li-Lin Chen, Kai-Teng Jheng, Jheng-Guo Pan, and Yi-
Syong Su. "An automatic window washer", CSQRWC 2012, 2012.

[4] DONG Jun, ZHANG Jia-wei1, ZHU Hong-hai1, WANG Li-ping, LIU
Xia, LI Zhen-jiang, Wearable ECG Monitors and Its Remote Diagnosis
Service Platform, IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2011.
[5] Hirofumi Tanaka, K.D.M., Douglas R.Seals, Age-Predicted Maximal
Heart Rate Revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology,
2001.37(No.1).
[6] Höller, J. et al. 2014. From Machine-to-Machine to the Internet of
Things: Introduction to a New Age of Intelligence. Academic Press.
[7] John A. Stankovic," Research Directions for the Internet of Things",
IEEE Internet Of Things Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp 3 – 9,February 2014.
[8] ‘Public hospitals in city have one nurse for 60 patient.’, DNA (Daily
News & Analysis), May 25 2010 Issue
[9] Shanzhi Chen, HuiXu, Dake Liu, Bo Hu, and Hucheng Wang, " A
Vision of IoT: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities With China
Perspective", IEEE Internet Of Things Journal, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp 349-
359,August 2014.
[10] Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay," Wearable Sensors for Human
ActivityMonitoring: A Review", IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3,
pp 1321-1330, March 2015.
[11] Thingspeak, launched by ioBridge in 2016, available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThingSpeak/ and https://thingspeak.com/
[12] Zhang, Sheng Yi, and Xin Ming Wang. "The Design of Temperature
Control System for Rice Wine Fermentation", Applied Mechanics and
Materials, 2013.

Fig-11: The biomedical information of the patient in the

Thingspeak Android application

978-1-5090-3243-3/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 556