Regression Example

midparent= ((6+14)/2)= 10
p= 0.6
-a +d +a
q= 0.4
-4 2 4

No. of Genotypic
Genotypic alleles value Breeding Dominance
Genotype Observed Value values Frequency X Y value Deviations
Z2Z2 6 -4 0.16 0 -5.76 -4.32 -1.44
Z1Z2 12 2 0.48 1 0.24 -0.72 0.96
Z1Z1 14 4 0.36 2 2.24 2.88 -0.64

Population Mean 1.76 on original scale 11.76

Compare formula M=a(p-q)+2pqd 1.76
Average effect Breeding
of gene value
a2 -p[a+d(q-p)] -2.16 Z2Z2 2a2=-2pa -4.32
a1 q[a+d(q-p)] 1.44 Z1Z2 a1+a2=(q-p)a -0.72
a=a 1-a 2 3.60 Z1Z1 2a1=2qa 2.88

Genotypic Direct calcuation of variances from breeding values

value Genotypic Breeding Dominance
Z2Z2 -2p(a+qd) -5.76 Frequency value Y value Deviations
Z1Z2 a(q-p)+d(1-2pq) 0.24 0.16 -5.76 -4.32 -1.44
Z1Z1 2q(a-pd) 2.24 0.48 0.24 -0.72 0.96
0.36 2.24 2.88 -0.64
Z2Z2 -2p(a+pd) -5.76
Z1Z2 (q-p)a+2pqd 0.24 Var(G) Var(A) Var(D)
Z1Z1 2q(a-qd) 2.24 7.1424 6.2208 0.9216
 4
Var(G)=Var(Y)
Var(A)=(Cov(X,Y))2/Var(X)
2
Var(D)=Var(G)-Var(A)

Value
b=Cov(X,Y)/Var(X) genotypic value
0
Regression using values adjusted for population mean
breeding value
-2

f*X f*Y f*X2 f*Y2 f*X*Y a = 3.6

0 -0.9216 0 5.308416 0 -4

0.48 0.1152 0.48 0.027648 0.1152

0.72 0.8064 1.44 1.806336 1.6128 -6
1.2 0 1.92 7.1424 1.728
-8
Var(X) 0.4800 b=a 3.6000 0 1 2
Var(Y) 7.1424 Var(G) 7.1424 Z2Z2 Z1Z2 Z1Z1
Cov(X,Y) 1.7280 Var(A) 6.2208
Var(D) 0.9216

Regression using raw data

f*X f*Y f*X2 f*Y2 f*X*Y
0 0.96 0 5.76 0
0.48 5.76 0.48 69.12 5.76
0.72 5.04 1.44 70.56 10.08
1.2 11.76 1.92 145.44 15.84

Var(X) 0.48 b=a 3.6

Var(Y) 7.14 Var(G) 7.14
Cov(X,Y) 1.728 Var(A) 6.2208
Var(D) 0.92