Submitted To:

Mr. MUMTAZ ALI KHAN

Submitted By:

JAM SADIQ

ENROLLMENT NO:
01-161171-017
Table of contents:

1) Tectonic setup of kohat plateau ---------------

2) Introduction -------------------------------------------

3) Kuldana formation
i. Kuldana composition

4) Kohat formation ------------------------------

i. Khaladand limestone -----------------------------
ii. Sadkal shale member -----------------------------
iii. Habib rahi sandstone ---------------------------------

5) Geological Study --------------------------------

6) Stratigraphy ------------------------
i. Miocene-Eocene Unconformity
ii. Cretaceous-Paleocene Unconformity
iii. Jurassic-Cretaceous Unconformity

6) Source Rock -------------------------------

7) Conclusion ---------------------------------

8) References ----------------------------------------
 TECTONIC SETUP OF KOHAT PLATEAU

 Introduction:
The kohat plateau is the collision of two continental crust the Indian and Eurasian plate. The Kohat
Plateau is located between latitude 32N and 34N and longitude 70E and 74E, and is separated by the
Indus River the kohat plateau east and the kohat plateau west. This plateau is thought to be 1.5 km at
depth.
The structural and tectonic setting changed quickly towards the west of the area during the Eocene-
Paleocene interval in 2001. The Kohat Basin area of the Kohat- Potwar Plateau is the most complex
tectonic area of northern Pakistan.

The explanation results of the geological and geophysical

data have indicated that the studied area had a number of
salt-affected or basement involved thrust/reverse faulting
systems formed as a result of transpersonal tectonics in
the area.

 Kuldana formation:

This formation is located near the village of

kuldana, which is located at latitude 33 min
56 sec N, 73 min 27 sec E, to the north of
Murree hill station in the hazara district in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

In northern potowar and kohat the

formation 150m deep in and in kalachita
area it is 120m deep .

 Kuldana composition:

Kuldana formation is composed of shale and marls with some part of sandstone,
limestone, conglomerate and some kind of dolomite, the shale is greenish yellow,
brown, and greenish grey.
  Kohat formation:
Kohat formation is located in the kohat area with the latitude of 33 min 27 sec N: 71 min 35 sec S. The
Kohat formation consists of light grey to cream colored limestone with marl and also green shale’s the
kohat formation is sub divided into three subdivision.

1. Kaladhand Limestone Member:

This area consist of light grey, hard, dense thin-bedded limestone and have thin layered pf shale
beds, especially in the lower part of kohat.

2. Sadkal Shale Member:

This area consists of greenish grey shale and light grey limestone with abundant Foraminifera. It
is mostly found in the northwestern Kohat area.

3. Habib Rahi Sandstone Member:

The formation is in Kohat, northern Potwar to up to 180 meters (590 ft) of thickness. A shallow
marine environment due to little continental influence has been noted in the area.
  Geological Study:

The Himalayan mountain belt was shaped by north south shortening and thickening of crusts
during convergence between Indian and Asian plates following their collision at around 45 Ma and
consequently underlying the northern Tibetan Plateau are thrust structures such as the Kohat Plateau.

The Kohat Potwar Plateau forms the northernmost part the Indus basin and is bounded on the north by the
Kalachitta folding belt by a system of flaws.

The Salt Range orocline forms the southern limit. The Kurram thrust error marks its limit.

Pezu wrench rift separates Kohat melancholy from the Sulaiman fold belt.

The existence of early eocene evaporites more from the Kohat region than on the plateau Potvar
suggests the constraints of basins from the local region. The geology of the studied region is
shows that the entire region is salt affected skinned and basement affected.
  Stratigraphy:
The sedimentary deposits located in the region are from pre cambrian to Recent.
The deposition was disturbed a few times. The two recognized unconformities are Cambrian- Permian
and Eocene Miocene from the area. The Miocene unconformities at the beginning of Jurassic, Early
Cretaceous, Paleocene Cretaceous and Eocene are marked.

Miocene-Eocene Unconformity:

Non orogenic movements mainly caused by cycles of pre Eocene deposition. During the late Eocene, the
area emerged out at the same time as the seawater removed from the Region.

Cretaceous-Paleocene Unconformity:

From The Cretaceous, the region began from the sea and erosion followed. The development was more
strong south east and east of the region, as seen by the lack of the Cretaceous section.

Jurassic-Cretaceous Unconformity:

The region emerged from the sea at the late Jurassic and sedimentation started at the Cretaceous,
important to an unconformity. The subsurface stratigraphic sequence from the Kohat Plateau can't be
shown that the area isn't fully exposed and the data available is insufficient.

Shows the unconformities in craterous-Pliocene level.

 Source Rock:

The upper formation of Paleocene era In the Kohat- Potwar depressed is the Patala
Formation. This formation is of importance as it stared as the primary source rock for
oil and gas generated from the basin.

Studies by HDIP and BGR also show which Patala shales are the possible source for
hydrocarbon generation. The northern portion of Potwar has been confirmed to be the
primary area for oil and gas in the region whilst the Kohat area, due to the fashion and
the tectonic model, has the potential for hydrocarbons.

 Conclusion:

The wrench faulted, imbricate structured Kohat Plateau area is wide and drops softly at
3&yen. Overthrust complex belts were interpreted with undependable broader group
span 2D seismic data obtained from various exploration providers it's advised to employ
3D techniques to comprehend at least the structure of the area. It's clear that 2D time
migration doesn't suffice in delineating targets on such imbricate structures thanks to
sideswiped energy gathering. This could be removed by 3D migration from the seismic
section. It's also important to have good quality acoustic impedance, wave signals in the
bronchial expression and inversion for velocity/density markers.
 References:

https://csegrecorder.com/articles/view/kohat-plateau-with-reference-to-himalayan-tectonic-
general-study

https://csegrecorder.com

https://pubs.usgs.gov

Geotectonic book