Professional Documents
Culture Documents
WARNING
No part of this book may be reproduced or reprinted in any form or by any means now known or
hereafter invented including photocopying and recording or in any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publishers.
DISCLAIMER
Every care has been taken by the compilers of this book and JTS Institute to give correct, com-
plete, updated information. However, in case of any ommission, printing mistake, or any other
error which might have crept in inadvertently, neither the compilers nor the JTS Institute take any
legal responsibility. The name of this book “Prelims Magic” is only a motivational name and
does not mean that this book contains any magic success formulae. The fact that a similar
yearly publication JTS Institute has published from 2009 to 2013 were mega successes as
79% questions on an average were asked from that books, does not mean that in the forthcoming
years also a similar result may or may not expect. This book is a compilation of information,
techniques and methods used in different practices for many generations or developed afresh
by JTS Institute or its faculty. JTS Institute or its faculty, however make no claim for effectiveness
of the tips, techniques and content given or mentioned in this book/nor responsible for any injury
or loss that might occur through following the instructions laid out in this book. Legal Jurisdiction:
Courts in Bangalore City Only.
* Part 2 of the Prelims Magic 2014 contains material for Current Affairs and
will be released in July 2014. For details visit: www.JTSinstitute.com
CONTENT
1. Foreword - About the Book ... 4
2. Come, You Too Can Become an IAS Officer! ... 5
3. Success Strategies of Toppers ... 14
4. Develop a Burning Desire to Become an IAS Officer ... 19
5. How to Attract To Yourself the Things You Desire ... 22
6. How to Prepare For Exam ... 25
7. Secrets of Getting More Marks in Exams ... 26
8. Score Raising Strategies. ... 28
9. How to Control Exam Anxiety? ... 29
10. How to approach the Prelims Papers ... 31
11. 12 Strategies to Tackle Objective Type Questions ... 34
12. Types of Questions Asked In the Civil Service Exam ... 35
13. A Master Plan to Study Smarter ... 37
14. Test Results - A Self Analysis- Record of Merit ... 64
15. Indian History ... 67
16. Geography ... 259
17. Indian Polity and Governance ... 397
18. Economy ... 541
19. Environmental Ecology ... 731
20. General Science + Science & Technology ... 817
21. Prelims 2011, 2012 and 2013 Solved Question Papers ... 973
What is the first advice any IAS Topper gives you on Civil Services Exam Preparation? “Go through
question papers of the last 15 years.” But when you go through the last 15 years’ question papers, you
will find that: NOT A SINGLE QUESTION HAS BEEN REPEATED!! Then what is the big idea
behind the advice of “refer all previous questions”?
The simple fact is that, 60-70% of the questions asked in the civil services exam are related to questions
asked over the previous years. Therefore one booster strategy is learning all topics related to the questions
About this Book
failure conscious to success phenomenon, one that changes approaches to everything. Do not
conscious. If you can follow the anybody’s life including your own. follow the path of others blindly.
powerful secrets given in this book An inflow of new thoughts can Create your own way to goals.
thoroughly, you will become like a remodel you regardless of every Begin perform with a new
powerful magnet, which attracts difficulty you may now face. thought : Each day before you
SUCCESS and only SUCCESS. Stop focusing on your faults and begin your perfor m, devote 5
Get ready… to become a powerful shortcomings, and give yourself minutes to thinking “How can I
perform better today?” “How
magnet… Here are those powerful credit for a few virtues now and
can I improve my personal
secr ets of success. Read it then.
efficiency?” This exercise is
carefully, and make a conscious You’d be surprised to know how
simple, but it works. Try it and you
effort to pr actice them… many people tell that they’re no
will find unlimited creative ways to
SUCCESS will flow on you in good, that they’re hopeless
win greater success.
abundance!!! All the best. failures. These people need to be Asking yourself questions like this
kind to them, because very often puts your mind to work to find
POWERFULSECRET#1 self-kindedness reduces the feelings intelligent shortcuts. When you
Awaken the Sleeping Energy within you of guilt and inferiority that are really believe you can do more, your
The first and foremost secret of blocking the flow of power from the mind thinks creatively and shows
success is to awaken the sleeping unconscious. you the way.
giant within you. Yes, there is a Forget about all your shortcomings,
powerful giant sleeping within you. all weaknesses, your past, POWERFULSECRET#2
This giant is capable of doing everything. Let’s start our life Turn your Goals into Realities
anything for you. You might have afresh with more confidence in our Goal setting is a very powerful
heard of the real life story of a man plus points. Here are some practical technique that can yield strong
who lifts a heavy wrecked car to steps you can do to awaken the returns in all areas of your life.
free a trapped driver or a woman sleeping energy within you: Without a specific goal you cannot
who swims a mile from capsized Visualise your success : Sit down achieve anything. Lots of persons
boat, towing her child to and think about what you want to get nowhere, simply because they
safety…from where does such do successfully. See it in your mind, do not know where they want to go.
enormous energy comes from? as if it was a real experience and They have no clear-cut, precisely
Believe me, such strength come really concentrate on it. defined goals. You cannot expect
from the sleeping giant-the hidden Don’t build obstacles in your the best if you think aimlessly.
dynamo of the unconscious mind. mind : Consider what are the By setting goals you can:
That is where mental energy comes obstacles that might block your path # Achieve more
from, too! Successful people are to success. List everyone you can
T to get going.
# Do it now. The minute you notice
yourself procrastinating, plunge into
choice. Sooner or later, his deeds
will catch up with him, and he will
pay by loss of reputation, and
for our plight in this world. If
someone hurts you, forgiveness
means letting go of the hurt, it does
the task. Imagine yourself at a
R mountain lake, poised to dive.
Gradual immersion would be slow
perhaps even loss of liberty.
#Gossip: Gossip is just negative
conversation about people. He
not mean going back get hurt again.
To love someone does not mean that
we should in any way allow that
torture. It’s often less painful to leap!
O POWERFULSECRET#6
seems to get a form of poisoned joy
from talking negatively about others,
not knowing that to successful
person to hurt us again. We must
be practical in making any future
decision to relate or work with this
Clean up your mind and do Wonders people he is becoming increasingly person.
The presence of any one or more unlikable, and unreliable. Avoid
of the destructive emotions in the gossip. Talk about people but stay POWERFULSECRET#7
human mind, through the chemistry on the positive side. Do not allow worry to destroy you
of the mind, sets up a poison, which #Hate: Hating people are like Worry is an unhealthy and
may destroy one’s chances for burning down your own house to destructive mental habit. You were
success. You become successful to get rid of a rat. not born with the worry habit but
the degree to which the mind thinks When we carry hate for other you acquired it.
success thoughts and the mind is people it is totally self–defeating. Psychologists tell us that 40% of our
morally clean. A clean mind actually When your mind is free and clear worries will never happen and that
sends continuing trends of positive of hate, you can do much better in 30% have already happened. An
waves.
anything that you have to do. If you additional 12% of our worries are
Generations ago Plato wr ote:
hate a particular person, take the over unfounded health concerns;
“Neither should we ever attempt to
action as given below: 10% more involve the daily
cure the body without curing the
Today I will free my mind of hate miscellaneous fretting that
mind”. Modern thinkers are just
by forgiving and asking accomplishes absolutely nothing. In
now realizing the sound thinking of
this wise philosopher of ancient forgiveness of a person with whom other words, those who perform the
time. A clean mind can do wonders. I have had a dispute. That person field of worry have discovered that
You can, too, clean up your mind and is Mr………… we are worrying 92% of the time
do wonders in your attempts to #Anger: Whenever you are angry for no good reason.
become an IAS Officer. Here are or anxious and find yourself wanting Scientists think that activities like
some poisonous attitudes that has to to break in, take a sip of water or walking, jogging, swimming and
be cleaned up at any cost: consciously fold your hands and bicycling - may boost your self-
# Greed: Needs can be satisfied but smile or count from one to ten. You confidence, improve your sense of
greed cannot. It is a cancer of the may find that such simple steps help well-being and heighten your energy.
mind. Greed destroys relationship. you control the situation. And by helping you relax, it can
The way out of greed is to learn to As a perform shows, sometimes the reduce the tension and anxiety
live within your means and be best thing you can do about anger If you have a problem, then what to
satisfied. Being contented does not is nothing. Let it go, and it will often do? Worry is not an answer.
mean lacking ambition. turn out to be important and quickly Because every time you meet a
# Ego: Ego is negative pride forgotten. Keeping quiet also gives problem and tackle
resulting in arrogance. To an you time to cool down and decide if and conquer it with positive mental
egocentric person, the world begins, the matter is worth discussing. attitude, you become better, bigger
end and revolves around him. # Blame: When you blame others and a more successful person.
I time.
Supreet Singh Gulati, : For GS
analytical…….
Amit Baranwal: For General
books were helpful. For main
examination, I completed syllabus of
physics and mathematics 1½ months
Prelims, I identified my strong areas Studies read NCERT books for
N - Mental Ability, Sports, and Science.
These cover about 30 questions in
class XI and XII. Read one
competitive magazine and a national
before the actual examination. Then
I did revision twice. In the first
attempt I appeared in the interview
the examination and I made it a point newspaper. Objective problems
T to score very high in them.
Specifically, I practiced Mental
without calculation and try to do
quick and accurate calculations. See
but could not succeed. The main
failing of my earlier attempt was less
attention to General Studies, essay
Ability a lot and would devote about the old question papers of General
R 30-35 minutes to this section in
Prelims.
Studies to have a feel of the nature
of questions. Do not skip any portion
and interview. This time I could
overcome this. I also improved my
optional.
of the syllabus.
O Dr. Garima Mittal, IAS Topper
2010 (8th Position)
The focussed and determined
Jayesh Rajan: In General Studies
for all the topics like Constitution,
Nikunj Kumar Srivastava: I have
been a regular subscriber of
Employment News for many years.
approach towards the exam was Economy etc. prepare those topics
I am allured by the main articles on
perhaps my biggest strength. Instead thoroughly which have been in news
the front page on economic and
of being lured by the glamour of in last one year. Attempt the
social issues. These articles proved
IAS, I targeted my effort towards statistical portion first, as the
very helpful to me in the preparation
Prelims- Mains- Interview-Prelims questions there are simple and fetch
of social and economic section in
cycle. full marks. Naturally they should not
General Study paper and the essay
While reading newspapers and be done in haste.
paper.
magazines, I used to pick factual
Kailash Chand Gupta: I didn’t lay
points for the Prelims, analytical link Iqbal Singh Dhaliwal: I used to
much emphasis on preparing
between these factual points for the discuss topic in Economics with my
General Studies. One reason
Mains and formation of my personal teachers and that enhanced greatly
probably was that both my Optional
opinion on that issue for the my understanding of the subject. In
subjects were highly scoring ones.
Interview. addition, I had prepared extensive
And if you really work hard in these,
I ensured that whatever might be the notes in Economics. A good
you are assured of a clear-cut head
circumstance; the newspaper understanding of the subject matter
start. So on these two, I slogged for
reading should not be discontinued, is more important than poring over
three months devoting at least 8 to
which even meant reading a number of books. One should not
10 hours every day. Study of at least
newspaper after 4- 5 days, if it was just study a subject but also reflect
two original text books and regular
missed on that particular day. I tried on it at length. This view holds good
revision is indispensable for General
managing time on daily and weekly particularly for Public
Studies and optional subjects. There
basis. I divided my day into four slots Administration where one has to
is no need to run after books by
and gave self-feedback of my delve deep into a particular topic and
foreign authors nor it is required to
performance in each slot after it develop a perspective. Moreover
delve into more and more magazines
ended. If it went well, I could have most of questions asked these days
and journals. In brief, what makes
tension-free night’s sleep. Every are open ended, so even a little
the vital difference is how you fare
week I had the target set and if it misinterpretation can ruin your
in your Optional. Normally about
was finished in six days, the seventh answers and land you in trouble. A
two month’s preparation is
day could be utilised for going out careful reading of question papers
adequately enough for the Prelims.
with friends to recharge my mental of the previous years, therefore, is
Preparation for the Mains should
energies. Reading quality material, a must. It will hone your “ability to
start immediately after, preferably
clear concepts, proper time and analyse the questions in the right
before, the result of Prelims is
anxiety management were perspective”.
announced. Then take up General
instrumental in reaching a high level
Studies and then the Optional
of excellence.
subject.
T other’s results.
Myth #3: I haven’t covered the
syllabus, so I won’t pass.
others and trying to go ahead by
leaving others behind.
You may find others superior to you,
4. Have firm determination
Apart from devotion a candidate
should also have firm determination
T international organisations.
Without a good knowledge of
Curr ent Affairs, it’s almost
Finally, Modern Indian History
has to be given somewhat more
emphasis. This is the segment most
to location of a volcano or diameter
of the earth. It now expects the
candidate to know the relevance of
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
7-8
R 8-9
O 9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
Confidence: You need to be confident that you can perform the tasks required to achieve your goal and get what you want.
Confidence comes from learning what to do and how to do it, and then having some success in applying your skills. If you
practice taking tests, until you are relaxed and feel skilled in that task, you will have more confidence when taking your final
exams. Other people should have confidence in you; such that they are sure you will come through and do what is promised.
The saying is: “Celebrate every success, no matter how small.”
Little Red Engine : Do you remember the story of the caboose that was desperately trying to make it over a very large hill?
He kept telling himself repeatedly, “I think I can, I think I can.” When you start feeling overwhelmed or defeated, tell yourself
aloud these same words. While it may seem a little awkward at first, stand in front of a mirror and tell yourself, “I think I can,
I think I can.” You might even change the words to, “I know I can!”
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
7-8
R 8-9
O 9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
Stand up for yourself. : Don’t allow people to put you down and don’t allow other people’s expectations to thwart what you are
capable of becoming. Don’t put up with people or situations that negate all the positive things that you can do. Stand up for your
dreams! Living aimlessly leaves you with a feeling of emptiness and confusion. Goals give you a sense of purpose. They steer your
life in a particular direction. They make your life purposeful. Accomplishing personal goals gives your self-esteem a big boost.
No Excuses: Many famous actors, musicians, inventors, etc., had special challenges ranging from learning disabilities to physical
disabilities. Take Beethoven for example. He was born deaf yet he went on to be one of the world’s greatest composers or Joni
Erickson who was paralyzed from the neck down yet she learned to paint with her mouth. Today, her paintings are famous around
the world and worth millions. If you are faced with a special challenge of your own, while you may have to adjust things from time
to time, do not use excuses. If you want something bad enough, there is a way!
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
R 7-8
8-9
O 9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
How to use your time: Time is the most valuable resource a student has. It is also one of the most wasted of resources. The
schedule you develop should guide you in how to allocate the available time in the most productive manner. Sticking to your
schedule can be tough. Don’t dribble away valuable time. Avoiding study is the easiest thing in the world. It’s up to you to follow
the schedule you prepared. A good deal of your success in high school or college depends on this simple truth.
Believe: There is a difference between WISHING for a thing and being READY to receive it. No one is ready for a thing, until
he believes he can acquire it. The state of mind must be BELIEF, not mere hope or wish. Open-mindedness is essential for belief.
Closed minds do not inspire faith, courage, and belief. Remember, no more effort is required to aim high in life, to demand
success, than is required to accept failure.
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
R 7-8
8-9
O 9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
Positive Thinking is contagious: People around you pick your mental moods and are affected accordingly. Think about
happiness, good health and success and you will cause people to like you and desire to help you, because they enjoy the
vibrations that a positive mind emits. In order to make positive thinking yield results, you need to develop a positive attitude
toward life, expect a successful outcome of whatever you do, but also take any necessary actions to ensure your success.
True positive thinking: True positive thinking is not just saying that everything will be okay, as a lip service, and at the same
time think about failure. In order to bring beneficial changes and improvement into your life, positive thinking has to become your
predominant mental attitude throughout the day. It has to turn into a way of life. Real and effective positive thinking requires that
you focus on positive thoughts and positive emotions, and also take positive action. How can you develop this state of mind? You
can do so by reading inspiring and motivating literature, and through visualization, affirmations and meditation.
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
R 7-8
8-9
O 9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
Talk to yourself positively: Say to yourself, “I’m good”, “I’m great”, “I am self-confident”; feel good when you say these things
to yourself. You are as valuable and as deserving of these sentences as anybody else. Besides, you don’t need to wait for anybody
to tell you this; you can tell yourself and feel good now. Praise yourself when you’ve done something good (a good job at work,
helped a friend, etc). If we have the time to praise a colleague or relative, why wouldn’t we have the time to praise ourselves and
feel good too? “Well done, me”.
Break Bad Habits: Habits, regardless of size or nature, can be exceptionally difficult to break. This will take a lot of effort but you
can do it. Unfortunately, poor habits can be the one aspect of your behavior that could be the obstacle to your success. If you have
a habit of sniffling or chewing your nails when you get nervous or saying demeaning or offensive things as a way of trying to
control, to be successful, whether on a personal or career level, you have to stop.
Wednesday Thursday
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
R 7-8
8-9
O 9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
Self-management: Ensure you eat and sleep well, and schedule exercise and leisure time into your routine. Study in bursts by
breaking each hour into 50 minutes of study and 10 minutes of active relaxation. Don’t use your break time to turn on the TV or
surf the net: get moving by going for a quick walk, having a cup of tea or calling a friend. It’s important to manage your well-being
during exams: you won’t perform well if you don’t feel well.
Get Excited: Do you remember your first trip to see a professional baseball game and how exciting it was to see the thousands
of people cheering, enjoying the mouth watering smell of popcorn and hot dogs, and hoping that you might get a chance to catch
a foul ball? You need to be excited about your venture for success. Remember some of the things that brought true excitement to
your heart when you were growing up and add that same excitement to your grownup life.
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
R 7-8
8-9
O 9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
Be Open To Improvement: Sometimes, people get into the habit of thinking they have the answers needed. You need to accept
that you do not have all the answers and more importantly, be open to recommendations from other people. That does not mean
you have to agree or even follow those suggestions, but it does mean to listen. You never know when someone will have an idea
that will make things easier and more functional, ultimately helping you arrive at your goal more efficiently.
Begin study with a new thought: Each day before you begin your study, devote 5 minutes to thinking “How can I study
better today?” “How can I improve my personal efficiency?”. Mix up deep desire in your thinking and you will get better
answers day by day. This exercise is simple, but it works. Try it and you will find unlimited creative ways to win greater
success.
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
R 7-8
8-9
O 9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
Focus on the Big Picture: As you make your way toward success, you will be challenged with big obstacles as well as small
obstacles. Pick your battles wisely. While you need to resolve the small issues, do not dwell on them and lose precious time and
energy when you should be focusing on the bigger picture. In other words, do not allow the menial things to clutter your mind and
monopolize your time.
Look for the Proof Instead of Making Assumption: A fear of not being liked or accepted sometimes leads us to assume that we
know what others are thinking, but our fears are usually not reality. If you have a fear that a friend or family member’s bad mood
is due to something you did, or that your classmates are secretly gossiping about you when you turn your back, speak up and ask
them. Don’t waste time worrying that you did something wrong unless you have proof that there is something to worry about.
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
R 7-8
8-9
O 9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
Learn to say no: For example, an acquaintance of yours would like you to see a movie with him tonight. You made social plans
for tomorrow with your friends and tonight you were going to study and do laundry. You really are not interested. You want to say
no, but you hate turning people down. Politely saying NO should become a habit. Saying NO frees up time for the things that are
most important.
Stop Studying When You Feel Confident: How do you know when you’ve studied enough? It’s not when you’re tired of
studying! And it’s not when you’ve gone through the material one time! You should stop only when you get to the point that you
feel confident and ready for whatever will be on the exam—when you’re actually eager to see the exam to find out if you guessed
its contents correctly.
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
R 7-8
8-9
O 9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
Take time out to focus on all that you have done well. Once a month, take a few moments to write down all that you have done
well it’s probably more than you think. Acknowledge the work you do, your strengths and accomplishments on a regular basis.
In doing so, you’ll begin seeing yourself as a person who does things right and gets things done. You’ll begin seeing and
appreciating all the good you do. (Cari Vollmer)
Be Happy: A positive mind and happy, upbeat attitude will help you succeed. It has been proven in many studies that a
person living in a happy state generally gets much further in just about everything they do. This relates to attitude. Just as
bad attitude can pull you down, good attitude and a happy, healthy mind will help you meet your objectives.
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
R 7-8
8-9
O 9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
Toxic Poisoning: No, we are not talking about actual poison but toxic people that can poison. Unfortunately, it would be great
if close friends or co-workers could share in your success but all too often, there will be someone who is either dealing with the
“green monster” of jealousy or has a case of the “I knew that” syndrome. If you are serious about reaching your goal and being
successful, you will need to rid your life of these people. While you may not be able to get them out of your life completely, you
should avoid them as best as possible. If this is a person, you see every day, keep your goals to yourself, and avoid that specific
subject.
Stop The Complaining: You might think there is no correlation between complaining and success when in fact there is a
connection. When you are spending time complaining about the obstacles you are facing, you are wasting so much time being
negative that you are actually losing chances to move forward. Instead of thinking of challenges as problems, think of them as
opportunities.
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
R 7-8
8-9
O 9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
The Laws of Attraction: Once you know what you want, it’s simple. Just ask for it. Say it, write it, and believe in it. Think of
it as if it has already happened. Imagine that it has.
Don’t do this in a whimsical, “gee wouldn’t it be swell” way, but actually close your eyes and visualize it.
Don’t expect to know the method by which your dreams will come true. The Laws of Attraction don’t work that way. You just
need to trust that a good thing will happen, and leave the “how” up to the universe.
N 4-5
5-6
T 6-7
7-8
R 8-9
9-10
O 10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
Idleness is a curse: A lazy grasshopper laughed at a little ant as she was always busy gathering food.
“why are you working so hard?” he asked, “come into the sunshine and listen to my merry notes.”
“But the ant went on her work. She said” I am lying in a store for the winter. Sunny days won’t last for ever.”
“Winter is so far away yet, “laughed the grasshopper back. And when the winter came, the ant settled down in her snug house. She
had plenty of food to last the whole winter. The grasshopper had nothing to eat so, he went to the ant and begged her for a little corn.
“No”, replied the ant, “you laughed at me when I worked. You yourself sang through the summer. So you had better dance the winter
away.”
R 1
Subject/Paper Date Result % Result % Level Reason for Change Action Plan for Improvement
O 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Expected Result = Your self expected calculation of marks immediately after the Test.
Improvement Level = Plus or Minus difference from the previous Test.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Expected Result = Your self expected calculation of marks immediately after the Test.
Improvement Level = Plus or Minus difference from the previous Test.
1
2
3
I
4
5 N
6
7 T
8
9 R
10
Expected Result = Your self expected calculation of marks immediately after the Test.
Improvement Level = Plus or Minus difference from the previous Test.
O
TEST RESULTS : SELF ANALYSIS CHART
Impro-
Test #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Expected Result = Your self expected calculation of marks immediately after the Test.
Improvement Level = Plus or Minus difference from the previous Test.
I 2
3
N 4
5
6
T 7
8
R 9
10
O Expected Result = Your self expected calculation of marks immediately after the Test.
Improvement Level = Plus or Minus difference from the previous Test.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Expected Result = Your self expected calculation of marks immediately after the Test.
Improvement Level = Plus or Minus difference from the previous Test.
hangs loosely in a relaxed posture. animals (elephant, tiger, rhino, and How was this topic asked in the CSE?
Two stone statues from Harappa, buffalo each facing a different
one representing the back view of direction). Two deer appear on his Q. Which one of the following
a man and the other of a dancer are feet. The chief female deity was the animals was not represented out
also specimens of their sculpture. Mother Goddess represented in seals and terracotta art of the
The pottery from Harappa is terracotta figurines. In latter times, Harappan culture?
another specimen of the fine arts Linga worship was prevalent. Trees (a) Cow (b) Elephant
of the Indus people. The pots and and animals were also worshipped (c) Rhinoceros (d) Tiger
jars were painted with various by the Harappans. The people of
designs and colours. Painted pottery Ans. (a) (CSE, 2001)
is of better quality. The pictorial How was this topic asked in the CSE? Q. Which of the following
motifs consisted of geometrical Regarding the Indus Valley characterizes/ characterize the
patterns like horizontal lines, circles, Civilization consider the following people of Indus Civilization?
leaves, plants and trees. On some statements: 1. They possessed great palaces
pottery pieces, we find figures of and temples.
fish or peacock. I. It was predominantly a secular 2. They worshipped both male
civilization and the religious and female deities.
Terracotta figurines - Cult element, though present, did not
objects, toys, animals and birds are 3. They employed horse-drawn
dominate the scene. chariots in warfare.
predominant. Unicorn, rhino, II. During this period, cotton was
elephant, monkey turtle, dog and Select the correct statement/
used for manufacturing textiles in statements using the codes given
sheep are depicted. Female figures India. Which of the statements
are also very common. below.
given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only
Script (a) I only (b) 2 only
The Harappan script has still to be (b) II only (e) 1, 2 and 3
fully deciphered. The number of (c) Both I and II (d) None of the statements
signs is between 400 and 600 of (d) Neither I nor II given above is correct
which 40 or 60 are basic and the Ans: b (CSE 2013)
Ans. (c) (CSE, 2011)
2 VEDIC PERIOD (c. 1500-600 BC.) How was this topic asked in the CSE?
Q. Who among the following was
THE EARLY VEDIC continent. They are described as a Brahmavadini who composed
PERIOD (c. 1500-1000 BC) semi- nomadic pastoralists, some hymns of the Vedas?
subdivided into temporary (a) Lopamudra (b) Gargi
The Vedic Period (or Vedic Age)
settlements (vish, viœ). Historians (c) Leelavati (d) Savitri
is the period during which the
view that the Aryans came from Ans. (a) (CSE, 1995)
Vedas, the oldest sacred texts of the
Central Asia. They entered India
Indo-Aryans, were being consists of the four Vedas – Rig,
through the Khyber Pass between
composed. The Vedic period is Yajur, Sama and Atharva.
2000 and 1500 B.C.
dated to c. 2000-1000 BC
continuing up to the 6th c. BC based Vedic Literature The Rig Veda is the earliest of the
on literary evidence. four Vedas and it consists of 1028
The word ‘Veda’ is derived from hymns. The hymns were sung in
This Period was dominated by the the root ‘vid’, which means to know. praise of various gods. Many
Aryans, a warlike people who came The term ‘Veda’ signifies ‘superior Hymns of the Rigveda was
in groups to the Indian sub- knowledge’. The Vedic literature composed by women and they were
O VEDIC SANSKRIT
The language of Vedic culture was
of India – Aryavarta (northern
India), Madhyadesa (central India)
and Dakshinapatha (southern
Vaisyas also carried on trade and
commerce. They organized
themselves into guilds known as
Vedic Sanskrit which is related to India).
R other languages in the Indo-
European language group. These
Polity
ganas. Besides nishka of the Rig
Vedic period, gold and silver coins
like satamana and krishnala were
were transmitted orally. It is closely Larger kingdoms were formed used as media of exchange.
Y related to the oldest preserved
Iranian language text called
during the later Vedic period. Many
Jana or tribes were amalgamated Social Life
Avestan. to form janapadas or rashtras in Family continued to be the basic unit
the later Vedic period. Hence, the of the society. The father was the
Later Vedic Period royal power had increased along head of the family. Joint family
(1000 – 600 B.C.) with the increase in the size of system was quite common. Varna
The period between B.C. 1000 and kingdom. The king performed system developed during the later
B.C. 600 is generally known as various rituals and sacrifices to Vedic period. The fourfold came
Later Vedic period. This age is also strengthen his position. They include into existences, namely, the
called as the Epic Age because the Rajasuya (consecration ceremony), Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas
Asvamedha (horse sacrifice) and and Sudras. The Brahmins were
two great epics Ramayana and
Vajpeya (chariot race). The kings priests and teachers. The
Mahabharata were written during
also assumed titles like Rajavisva- Kshatriyas were rulers and
this period. janan, Ahilabhuva-napathi, (lord of soldiers. They enjoyed high position
How was this topic asked in the CSE? all earth), Ekrat and Samrat (sole in the society. The Vaishyas were
ruler). In the later Vedic period, a traders, artisans and farmers. The
Q. The religion of early Vedic large number of new officials were Sudras were the uneducated
Aryans was primarily of involved in the administration in workers who served for the other
(a) Bhakti addition to the existing purohita, three castes. They were referred
(b) Image worship and Yajnas senani and gramani. They include to as Advijas and were not allowed
(c) Worship of nature and Yajnas the treasury officer, tax collector and to study the Vedas. The Varna
(d) Worship of nature and Bhakti royal messenger. At the lower levels, differentiation became more rigid in
Ans (c) (CSE, 2012) the administration was carried on by the later periods.
The Aryans further moved towards the village assemblies. The Kula (family), Gotra (literally,
east in the Later Vedic Period. The importance of the Samiti and the cowpen, clan) and Vamsa (lineage)
Satapatha Brahmana refers to the Sabha had diminished during the were important social identities
expansion of Aryans to the eastern later Vedic period. through which an individual was
Gangetic plains. Several tribal Economic Condition known.
groups and kingdoms are mentioned Many sub-castes on the basis of
in the later Vedic literature. One Farming was the chief occupation.
Iron was used extensively in this their occupation appeared in this
important development during this
period. Iron ploughs substituted the period. In the family, the power of
H form of Buddhism.
In the context of the above two
statements, which one of the
the following statements is/are
correct?
1. The roads and river-routes
Hiuen Tsang condemned the trials
as barbarous and superstitious.
Harsha’s army consisted of the
I following is correct?
(a) Both A and R are true and R
is the correct explanation of A
were completely immune from
robbery.
2. As regards punishment for
traditional four divisions – foot,
horse, chariot and elephant. The
number of cavalry was more than
O (a) Nagarjuna
(b) Tukaram
(c) Tyagaraja
Historical Sources
The chronicles written mostly by
memoirs, Tuzuk-i-Baburi in Turki
language. It provides a vivid account
of India.
R (d) Vallabhacharya
Ans (a) (CSE 2010)
the courtiers were the primary
source of studying the Mughal
history. Important titles: Akbar
Military Conquests
On the eve of Babur’s invasion of
Y Tukaram (1608 – c. 1650) was a
prominent Marathi Bhakti saint. He
was born and lived most of his life
Nama, Shahjahan Nama, Alamgir
Nama, that is, the story of Akbar,
Shah Jahan and Alamgir (a title of
India, there were five prominent
Muslim rulers the Sultans of Delhi,
Gujarat, Malwa, Bengal and the
in Dehu, a town close to Pune city the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb). These
Deccan and two prominent Hindu
in Maharashtra, India. He was born were written in Persian. The Tuzuk rulers Rana Sangha of Mewar and
to a couple with the family name I Baburi was translated from the Vijayanagar Empire. Once again
"Moray". Tukaram was a devotee Turkish to Persian and named by the end of 1525, Babur started
of Lord Vittala or Vithoba -- an Baburnamah. The name Mughal from Kabul to conquer India. He
incarnation of Lord Krishna. is derived from Mongol.The occupied Lahore easily by defeating
Tukaram is considered as the Mughals declared themselves as its Governor, Daulat Khan Lodi.
climactic point of the Bhagawat the descendants of Turkish ruler Then he proceeded against Delhi
Hindu tradition, which is thought to Timur on the paternal side. They where Ibrahim Lodi was the Sultan.
have begun in Maharashtra with called themselves Timurids. On 21st April 1526 the first Battle
Namdev. Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, of Panipat took place between
Babur (1526-1530)
Janabai, Eknath, and Tukaram are Babur and Ibrahim Lodi, who was
revered especially in the warakari Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur killed in the battle. Babur’s success
sect in Maharashtra. Tukaram founded the Mughal Empire in was due his cavalry and artillery.
wrote in archaic Marathi a large India. He was related to Timur from Babur occupied Delhi and sent his
number of devotional poems his father’s side and to Chengiz son Humayun to seize Agra. Babur
identified in Marathi as abhang. A Khan through his mother. Babur proclaimed himself as “Emperor of
collection of 4,500 abhang known succeeded his father Umar Shaikh Hindustan”. His subsequent
as the Gatha is attributed to Mirza as the ruler of Farghana. But victories over Rana Sangha and the
Tukaram. Saint Tukaram's he was soon defeated by his distant Afghans secured his position as the
composition ( poetries ) are found relative and as a result lost his ruler of India. Rana Sangha of
in Guru Granth Sahib. kingdom. He became a wanderer Mewar was a great Rajput warrior.
for sometime till he captured Kabul He marched against Babur and in
Tyagaraja was born in 1767 in the Battle of Khanua (near Agra)
from one of his uncles. Then, Babur
Tiruvarur, a small town in the held in 1527 Babur won a decisive
took interest in conquering India and victory over him. Babur assumed
Thanjavur district of Tamilnadu. He
launched four expeditions between the title of Ghazi. In 1528, Babur
was one of the greatest composers
1519 and 1523. Turki was his captured Chanderi from another
of Carnatic music or classical South
mother tongue. He wrote his Rajput ruler Medini Rai. In the next
Indian music. In addition to nearly
O death in 1707
Ans. (d) (CSE, 2000)
Mughals for four generations. Many
of them rose to the positions of
military generals. Raja Bhagawan
Q. Assertion (A): Emperor
R Q. In the given map, the shaded
part represents Akbar’s empire at
Akbar marched towards
Afghanistan in 1581 with a huge
Das and Raja Man Singh were
given senior positions in the
administration by Akbar. One by
army.
Y a certain juncture, ‘A’ stands for
an independent country and ‘B’
marks the site of city. Which one
Reason (R): He was on his way
to reclaim his ancestral country of
one, all Rajput states submitted to
Akbar. But the Ranas of Mewar
continued to defy despite several
Ferghana in Central Asia.
of the following alternative gives In the context of the above two defeats. In the Battle of Haldighati,
all correct information? statements, which one of the Rana Pratap Singh was severely
(a) Akbar in1557: following is correct? defeated by the Mughal army led
(A) Golcunda, (a) Both A and R are true and R is by Man Singh in 1576. Following the
(B) Lahore the correct explanation of A defeat of Mewar, most of the
(b) Both A and R are true but R is leading Rajput rulers had accepted
(b) Akbar in 1557 : Akbar’s suzerainty. Akbar’s Rajput
not the correct explanation of A
(A) Khandesh policy was combined with a broad
(c) A is true but R is false
(B) Multan religious toleration. He abolished the
(d) A is false but R is true
(c) Akbar in1605: Ans. (c) (CSE, 2003) pilgrim tax and later the jiziya. The
(A) Gondwana Rajput policy of Akbar proved to be
(B) Multan beneficial to the Mughal state as
astrology. He also loved painting and well as to the Rajputs. The alliance
(d) Akbar in 1605: wrote poetry in Persian language. secured to the Mughals the services
(A) Gondwana
Akbar (1556-1605) of the bravest warriors. On the
(B) Lahore
other hand, it ensured peace in
Ans. (d) (CSE, 1998) Akbar was one of the greatest Rajasthan and a number of Rajputs
Explanation : The shaded portion monarchs of India. He succeeded who joined the Mughal service rose
in the map shows the Empire of to the throne after his father, to important positions.
Akbar at the time of his death. The Humayun’s, death. But his position
was dangerous because Delhi was Akbar’s Kabul conquest- His cousin
place marked “A” is Gondwana
seized by the Afghans. Their Mirza Hakim, the Governor of
which was an independent state
commander-in-Chief, Hemu, was in Kabul had declared himself
and “B” shows Lahore which was
charge of it. In the second Battle of independent. Many leading clergy,
a part of Akbar’s empire.
Panipat in 1556, Hemu was almost ministers and nobles supported
on the point of victory. But an arrow Mirza. Mirza moved towards
library. Although Humayun was not Punjab with a huge army. Akbar led
a good General and warrior, he was pierced his eye and he became
unconscious. His army fled and the the campaign to Kabul on 18 th
kind and generous. He was also February, 1581. Hearing the news
fortune favoured Akbar. The
H Mansabdari System
Mansabdari system was first
were maintained directly by the
emperors without placing them
under the manasabdars. Their
introduced by Chenghis Khan, the
I Mongol king in Central Asia. In
1575, Akbar introduced it in India.
equipments were of high standard
and each had to muster five horses.
They were given high salaries and
It was based on Decimal system.
S The main aim of Akbar to introduce
it was to bring stability in his
were most loyal army of the
emperor.
Q. The shaded area in empire of :
(a) Alauddin Khalji
kingdom and give effective clean Jahangir (1605-1627) (b) Mohammad Tughlaq
T administration to the people. Under
this system, every officer was
When Akbar died, Prince Salim
succeeded with the title, Jahangir,
(c) Shahjahan
(d) Aurangzeb
assigned a rank (mansab). The Ans. (c) (CSE, 2001)
O lowest rank was 10 and the highest
was 5000 for the nobles. Princes of
(Conqueror of the World) in 1605.
Jahangir’s rule witnessed a spate of
rebellions. His son, Khusrau,
Explanation : The shaded area in
the map shows the empire of Shah
royal blood received even higher Jahan. Bijapur and Go1kunda
R How was this topic asked in the CSE?
revolted but was defeated and
imprisoned. One of his supporters,
Guru Arjun, the fifth Sikh Guru, was
were not his part of territory as
these were captured by
Aurzngzeb in 1668 and 1687
Y Q. In medieval India, Mansabdari
system was introduced mainly for
: (a) making recruitment to the
beheaded. He introduced “duh Aspa
Sih Aspa” in Mansabdari.
respectively.
initiation rite. In this rite, the believer 3. Guru Arjun Dev gave to Sikhs 1 Nanak Dev 22 Sep1539 69
ceremony, the initiate is given a None of the above answers are 6 Har Gobin d 28 Feb 1644 48
name added on to his own name: correct. 7 Har Rai 6 Oct 1661 31
Singh, or “lion.” This common name 8 Har Krishan 30 Mar 166 4 7
identifies each person as part of the It took Ranjit Singh (1780-1839), an
9 Tegh Bahadur 11 Nov1675 54
community, as part of the same individual with modernizing vision
family, and as willing to fight for the and leadership, to achieve 10 Gobind Singh 7 Oct1708 41
faith. supremacy over the other kin- Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708), the
groups and establish his kingdom in tenth of the Sikh Gurus, affirmed the
The formation of the khalsa is one which Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims 11
sacred t ext Adi Granth as h is
of the most important events in the success or, termi nati ng the line of
lived together in comparative human Gurus, and elevating the text
Sikh history. It fully unified the equality and increasing prosperity. to Guru Gr anth Sahib
community and made it a force to
reckon with militarily. After the
formation of the khalsa, the
political and military power of the
18 ADVENT OF THE OF EUROPEANS
Sikhs grew tremendously. By the
early 1800’s, the Sikhs managed to India was a favourite trading period Vasco da Gama, the
carve out an independent kingdom destination since the Indus Valley Portuguese explorer, landed in
in the Mughal Empire, which they Civilization. Commerce steadily Calicut in 1498. He was the
developed with the improvement in commander of the first ship to sail
retained until the British annexations
transport and the discovery of the from Europe to India. With the
in the 1850’s. Still, the Sikh military
monsoon in the early Christian advent of the European trading
brotherhood was the most powerful
centuries AD. The Indian Ocean companies, India became a
fighting force that the British used
was the scene of thriving trade in prominent land for commerce. Soon
against the Mughal Empire in its the 14th and 15th centuries. Modern the various trading companies began
closing days. commerce in India began from the to build fortifications known as
S 19 BRITISH CONQUEST
Mir Jafar (1757-1760) – Mir Jafar
after being made the Nawab of
Bengal was merely a puppet in the
T CONQUEST OF BENGAL own private trade unlawfully.
Though the Company itself followed
hands of the English. He granted
emmense power and other
Bengal perpetually formed the most priviledges to the English.
O fertile region for the British. The
East India Company formed its
the regulations of the Farman
issued by the Mughal Emeror, their
servants posed a constant problem
1.Granted undisputed rights to fre
trade in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa
earliest settlements in Bengal in the
R first half of the 17th century. These
settlements were of a purely
by violating and misinterpreting the
Farman. The background for the
ultimate clash between the Nawab
2. Comapany got zamindari of 24
Parganas near Calcutta
commercial character. In 1620 one
Y of the Company’s factories was
based in Patna; in 1624-1636 the
of Bengal and the English East India
Company in form of the Battle of
Plassey (1757) came when Siraj ud
3. Company was given gifts in form
of bribes to the officials and
damages for the capture of Calcutta
Company established itself, by the Daula came to the throne. The new by Siraj ud Daula.
favour of the emperor, on the ruins Nawab requested the British to
of the ancient Portuguese 4.British merchants were
remain within the law and abide by henceforth not asked any duties on
settlement of Pippli, in the north of the regulations. The English,
Orissa; and at Hughli, In 1685, the their private trade
triumphant after the victory over the
Bengal factors, seeking greater French, refused to do so. Instead 5. All French settlements in Bengal
security for their trade purchased they began to levy heavy taxes on were given to the British.
from the Nawab, in 1696, the villages the goods entering the portion of
namely Kalikata, Sutanuti and Mir Jafar could not fulfil the
Calcutta under them. The matters demands of the Company as the
Govindpur. They were given came to a breaking point when the
exemption from trade duties and treasury was almost empty by that
English began to fortify Calcutta time. Soon, he was forced to give
exactions in part of Bengal in 1717 without the permission of the
by the Emperor Farukhsiyar. They up the position in favour of his son-
Nawab in anticipation of the struggle in-law Mir Qasim.The new nawab
permitted the Company to trade with the French.
without paying any import or export further granted a few priviledges to
duty. Also they were allowed to The English also exhausted by the the Company.
issue the dastaks for the movement authority of the Nawab, conspired 1. Gave the zamindari of districts
of their goods within the territory of with his leading men of the Nawabs’ of Burdwan, Midnapur and
Bengal. court. These were Manikchand Chittagong
(incharge of Calcutta), Aminchand
This permit or the dastaks were a (a rich merchant) and Jagatseth 2. Gave away huge sums of money
constant source of conflict between (Well known Banker) Mir (Finance as bribes to the officials of the
the Nawabs of Bengal and the minister) and Rai Durlabh. On 23rd Company.
English East India Company. June 1757, the forces of the English
Firstly, the issue of these dastaks Very soon Mir Qasim realized the
and the Nawab of Bengal clashed designs of the British and
caused a lost of loss in revenue to in Plassey near Murshidabad. The
the Bengal Nawabs. Secondly, transferred his capital from
Nawab’s forces comprising the Murshidabad to Munger in 1762. He
these dastaks were missused by conspirators did not participate in
the Company’s servants for their sought to build an efficient army to
the fight. Only a handful of army combat the British. Thus he
The following causes are responsible 3. English Language and 6. Economic Exploitation by the
Western Education British
for the origin and growth of
nationalism in India. The English language played an A good deal of anti-British feeling
important role in the growth of was created by the economic policy
1. Political Unity nationalism in the country. The pursued by the British government
For the first time, most of the regions English educated Indians, who led in India. The English systematically
in India were united politically and the national movement, developed ruined the Indian trade and native
administratively under a single Indian nationalism and organised it. industries. Therefore, economic
power (the British rule). It Western education facilitated the exploitation by the British was one
spread of the concepts of liberty, of the most important causes for the
introduced a uniform system of law
equality, freedom and nationalism rise of Indian nationalism.
and government.
and sowed the seeds of nationalism. 7. Racial Discrimination
2. Development of 4. The Role of the Press
Communication and Transport The Revolt of 1857 created a kind
The Indian Press, both English and of permanent bitterness and
The introduction of railways, vernacular, had also aroused the suspicion between the British and
telegraphs and postal services and national consciousness. the Indians. The English feeling of
the construction of roads and canals racial superiority grew. India as a
5. Social and Religious nation and Indians as individuals
facilitated communication among Movements of the Nineteenth
the people. All these brought Indians were subjected to insults,
Century
nearer to each other and provided humiliation and contemptuous
The leaders of various organisations treatment.
Y nearly 15 months.
How was this topic asked in the CSE?
communities and political parties
in the British war efforts as a
condition for granting
Azad
(d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Rafi
Ahmed Kidwai
independence with full sovereign Ans (c) (CSE 2010)
Q. The Congress ministries status to India after war
resigned in the seven provinces in (d) the framing of a constitution March 1942. This is known as
1939, because for the entire Indian Union, with Cripps Mission.
(a) The Congress could not form no separate constitution for any
ministries in the other four province, and a Union Constitution The main recommendations of
provinces to be accepted by all provinces Cripps were:
(b) Emergence of a ‘left wing’ in Ans. (b) (CSE, 2003) The promise of Dominion Status to
the Congress made the working of India,Protection of minorities setting
the ministries impossible Q. Who of the following Prime up of a Constituent Assembly in
(c) There were widespread Ministers sent Cripps Mission to which there would be
communal disturbances in their India ? representatives from the Princely
provinces (a) James Ramsay MacDonald States along with those of the British
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) (b) Stanley Baldwin Provinces,
and (c) given above is correct (c) Neville Chamberlain
(d) Winston Churchill There would be provision for any
Ans. (d) (CSE 2012) Province of British India not
Ans. (d) (CSE 2009)
prepared to accept this Constitution,
How was this topic asked in the CSE? Cripps Mission (1942) either to retain its present
In the meantime, the Viceroy, Lord constitutional position or frame a
Q. In the “Individual Satyagraha”, constitution of its own.
Vinoba Bhave was chosen as the Linlithgow, expanded his Executive
first Satyagrahi. Who was the Council by including five more The major political parties of the
second? Indians into it in July 1941. However, country rejected the Cripps
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad in the midst of worsening wartime proposals. Gandhi called Cripp’s
(b) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru international situation, the British proposals as a “Post-dated
(c) C. Rajagopalachari Government, under Winston Cheque”. They did not like the
(d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Churchill, in its continued effort to rights of the Princely States either
Ans. (b) (CSE 2000) secure Indian co-operation sent Sir to send their representatives to the
Stafford Cripps to India on 23 Constituent Assembly or to stay out
T Mission Plan ?
(a) Provincial grouping
(b) Interim Cabinet of Indians
Government formed in the year
1946?
(a) Defence
Q. Lord Mountbatten came to
India as a Viceroy along with
specific instruction to :
Y the rejection of :
(a) Cripps Mission
(b) Rajagopalachari Formula
framed by the Constituent
Assembly. Initially both the
Congress and the Muslim League
accept partition
Ans. (b) (CSE, 1998)
Explanation: Lord Mountbatten
(c) Cabinet Mission were ambivalent about the came to India as a Viceroy along
(d) Wavell Plan proposals. There was disagreement with specific instruction to keep
Ans. (c) (CSE 2002) about the issue of filling posts in the India united if possible but he could
Explanation: Muslim League got proposed interim government. not see it being possible so he
73 out of 78 seats in the interim Sardar Vallabhai Patel was one of suggested balkanization of the
government election based on the eminent Congress leader who Indian Sub-continent.
cabinet plan but Muslim league was totally in favour of cabinet
rejected the plan and thus the last Mission Plan. Both the Muslim Q. The Balkan Plan for
opportunity to avoid partition was fragmentation of India was the
lost. How was this topic asked in the CSE? brain child of :
(a) W. Churchil
Q. Who headed the Interim Q. Consider the following (b) M.A. Jinnah
Cabinet formed in the year 1946? statements: (c) Lord Mountbatten
(a) Rajendra Prasad 1. Lord Mountbatten was the (d) V.P. Menon
(b) Jawahadal Nehru viceroy when Simla conference Ans. (c) (CSE, 2000)
(c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel took place. Explanation: “Balkan Plan” was
(d) Rajagopalachari 2. Indian Navy Revolt, 1946 took the brain child of Lord
place when the Indian sailors in Mountbatten. He was authorised
Ans. (b) (CSE 2003)
the Royal Indian Navy at Bombay by British government to resolve
Q. Which one of the following and Karachi rose against the the situation in India by any means.
leaders of the Congress was Government. After trying every way, he
totally in favour of Cabinet Which of the statements given reached at the conclusion for
Mission Plan? above is/are correct? Balkanization.
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (a) 1 only
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) 2 only
(c) Sardar Patel (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans. (b) (CSE 2005)
Ans. (c) (CSE, 1999)
Q. Consider the following Q. What is the correct sequence Q. Consider the following events
statements: of the following events? during India’s freedom struggle :
1. Warren Hastings was the first 1. Tilak’s Home Rule League Chauri-Chaura Outrage
Governor General who established 2. Karnagatamaru Incident Minto-Morley Reforms
H a regular police force in India on
the British pattern.
2. A Supreme Court was
3. Mahatma Gandhi’s arrivat in
India
Select the correct answer using the
Dindi March
Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
Which one of the following is the
I established at Calcutta by the
Regulating Act, 1773.
3. The Indian Penal Code came
codes given below:
Codes :
(a) 1, 2, 3
correct chronological order of the
events above?
(a) I, 3, 2, 4 (b) 2, 4, 1, 3
S into effect in the year 1860.
Which of the statements given
above are correct?
(b) 3, 2, 1
(c) 2, 1, 3
(d) 2, 3,1
(c) 1, 4, 2, 3
Ans. (b)
(d) 2, 3, 1, 4
(CSE 2004)
T (a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
Ans. (d) (CSE 1998)
CLASSICAL DANCES
Classical Dances States Exponents Related Styles
Oddissi Orissa Kelucharan Mahaptara, Pankaj Mahars Devadasi,
Originated in 2nd century B.C. Charan Das, Hare Krishna Behera Gotipua, Tibhanga
based on the Natya Shastra, Sonal Mansingh, Kabita Dwivedi, Mangala charan Pallavi,
Originated in temple during Kiran Sehgal, Madhvi Mudgal, Sharon Tarijhuma, Moksha
king Khaarvela reign, woven Lewon, Myrta Barvil, Indarani Majura
around Tribhanga pose Rahman, Priyambada Mohanty
Kathak
U.P Birju Maharaj, Kalka Binda
Cholom, Dhol Cholom
Raseela Tandava,
R
Flourished in North Indian
princely states Jaipur,
Lucknow and Banaras. It is
Gharana, Kumdini Lakhia,
Damayanti Joshi, Rani Karna,
Saswati Sen,Roshan Kumar, Gopi
gorgeous costumes.
Rasaleela, Nautch, four
Gharanas, Salami,
Y
a dance based onstory from Krishna, Sitara Devi, Sambhu Vandana, Aasmad,
epic about Radha and Maharaj, Ananda Shankar, Shobna Gatnikaas, Padhant,
Krishna Narayan, Bhandana Mangal, Karmalya, Ballets.
Kulgrani Bhatt, Gitanjali Lal
PUPPET DANCES MARITAL DANCES
Kathaputli : Rajasthan Tolpavakootu : Kerala Gatka : Punjab
Sakhi Kundhei : Orissa Kundeinachhha : Orissa Paika : Orissa
Pudda Nach : Assam Pava Kathakali : Kerala Thag Ta : Manipur
Malasutri Bahuly : Maharashtra Kathikundhei : Orissa Kalaripayattu : Kerala
Bommalattam : Tamil Nadu Gombeyatta : Karnataka Choliya : Uttaranchal
Pang Lhabosol : Sikkim
Sikandar Shah
Malwa
Bengal
(a) 5
A
1
B C
2
D
3
Kshemavaty
B. Kottakkal Sivaraman 27. Match List I with List II and
I
(c) 3 1 5 2 C. Lakshmi Viswanathan select the correct answer using the
(b) 4
A B
3
C
1
D
5
D. N. Madhabi Devi
List II (Dance)
codes given below the lists:
List I (Artist)
S
(d) 5 4 1 3 1. Kahtakali A. Hiren Bhattacharya
Ans . (a)
Explanation :
(CSE 2000) 2. Manipuri
3. Mohiniattam
B. Malini Rajurkar
C. Pratibha Prahlad
T
A. Balamurali Krishna 4. Bharatanatyam D. Vempati Chinna Satyam
- Carnatic vocal
B. Mita Pandit - Hindustani vocal (a) 1
A B
3
C D
2 4
List II (Art)
1. Bhartanatyam dance
O
C. Kanyakumari - Ghatam (c) 1 3 4 2 2. Hindustani vocal music
D. Nikhil Bannerjee - Sitar
(b) 3
A B
1
C
4 2
D 3. Kuchipudi dance
4. Puppetry
R
21. Which one of the followingpairs (d) 3 1 2 4 A B C D
is not correctly matched ?
(a) Bakti Itihas: Badal Sarkar
Ans : (b)
Explanation :
(CSE 2001) (a) 4
(c) 4
2
1
1
2
3
3
Y
(b) Sita Swayamvar: Vishnu Das Bhave Kalamandalam Kshemavaty - A B C D
(c) Yayati: Girish Karnad Mohiniattam (b) 3 1 2 4
(d) Giddha: Jabbar Patel Kottakkal Sivaraman - Kathakali (d) 3 2 1 4
Ans : (d) (CSE 2000) Lakshmi Viswanathan Ans. (c) (CSE 2002)
Explanation : ‘Giddha’ is written by - Bharatanatyam Explanation :
‘Vijay Tendulkar’ N. Madhabi Devi - Manipuri Hiren Bhattacharya - Puppetry
Malini Rajurkar
22. The Raga which is sung early 25. In which one of the following - Bharatnatyam dance
in the morning is cities is the Lingaraja Temple Pratibha Prahlad
(a) Todi (b) Darbari located? - Hindustani vocal music
(c) Bhopali (d) Bhimpalasi (a) Bhubaneswar Vempati Chinna Satyam
Ans : (a) (CSE 2000) (b) Bijapur - Kuchipudi dance
Explanation : Togo is the Raga which (c) Kolkata
is sung early in the morning. (d) Shravanabelagola 28. Chapachur Kut is a festival
Ans. (a) (CSE 2001) celebrated in the state of
23. Which of the following pairs is Explanation: Lingaraja temple (a) Arunachal Pradesh
NOT correctly matched ? located at Bhubaneswar. It was (b) Assam
(a) India’s first technicolour film: dedicated to Shiva (Mukteswara (c) Mizoram
Jhansi Ki Rani temple) built by ‘Chodaganga’. (d) Sikkim
(b) India’s first 3 –Dfilm: Ans. (c) (CSE 2002)
My Dear Kuttichetan 26. Which one of the following Explanation : Chapachur kut is a
(c) India’s first insured film: statements is not correct? festival celebrated in the state of
Taal (a) The statue of Gomateshwara at Mizoram.
(d) India’s first actress to: Sravanabelagola represents the last
Meena Tirthankara of Jains 29. Who among the following is well
Win the Bharat Ratna Kumari (b) India’s largest Buddhist known as an exponent of flute ?
Ans. (d) (CSE 2001) monastery is in Arunachal Pradesh (a) Debu Choudhary
Explanation : No actress was (c) The Khajuraho temples were (b) Madhup Mudgal
awarded Bharat Ratna. Satyajit built under Chandela Kings (c) Ronu Mazumdhar
2. Bikash Bhattacharjee The art of painting reached its 55. The Nagara, the Dravida and
O 3. N.S. Bendre
4. Subodh Gupta
perfection in Guptan age. The most
important examples of Guptan
the Vesara are the
(a) three main racial groups of the
Who of the above is/are-well known paintings are found on the walls of Indian subcontinent
R as artist(s) ?
(a) 1 only
Ajanta caves (Maharashtra, India)
and Bagh caves (Gwalior in Madhya
(b) three main linguistic divisions into
which the languages of India can
(b) 1 and 4 only Pradesh, India). Guptan painters be classified
Y (c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
painted incidents from the life of
Buddha and also secular scenes.
(c) three main styles of Indian
temple architecture
Ans. (d) (CSE 2009) Cave No. 17 contains pictures (d) three main musical Gharanas
Explanation: dealing with the incidents of prevalent in India
Amrita Sher-Gil (January 30, Buddha’s birth, life and death. Cave Ans. (c) (CSE 2012)
1913-December 5, 1941), was an No. 16 has a marvellous painting of Explanation: The canonical Silpa
eminent Indian painter, sometimes a dying princess. According to art texts like Mayamata, Tantrasa-
known as India’s Frida Kahlo, and critics Guptan paintings possess muchchaya, Suprabhe dagama
today considered an important delicacy of lines, brilliancy of colors refer to the Nagara, the Vesara, and
women painter of 21st century India. and richness of expression. Cave the Dravida styles of temples. The
architecture developed further than classification is made according to
Bikash Bhattacharjee (1940- from before ages. Stone temples the shape and the Nagara style is
December 18, 2006) was an Indian concept emerged during this period. defined as being quadrangular all
painter from Kolkata in West Ellora is an archaeological site, 30 over, from the base to the shikhara.
Bengal. Through his paintings, he km ( 19mi) from the city of The Nagara style is associated with
depicts the life of the average middle Aurangabad in the Indian state of the land between the Himalayas and
class Bengali – their aspirations, Maharashtra built by the the Vindhyas, the Dravida style with
superstitions, hypocrisy and Rashtrakuta rulers. Well-known for the land between the Krishna and
corruption, and even the violence its monumental caves, Ellora is a Kaveri rivers while the Vesara is
that is endemic to Kolkata. World Heritage Site. Ellora something associated with the area
represents the epitome of Indian between the Vindhyas and the
Narayan Shridhra Bendre was rock-cut architecture. The 34 Krishna river.
born in 1910 in Indore. He got his “caves” - actually structures
early art education in the State Art excavated out of the vertical face 56. With reference to Dhrupad, one
School, Indore. Later he obtained of the Charanandri hills – being of the major traditions of India that
his Government Diploma in Art from Buddhist, Hindu and Jain rock cut has been kept alive for centuries,
Bombay in 1933. He was awarded temples and monasteries, were built which of the following statements
Padmashri in 1969, and Kalidas between the 5th century and 10th are correct?
Samman in 1984. century. 1. Dhrupad originated and
Nasik caves were built before the developed in the Rajput kingdoms
Subodh Gupta (born 1964) is an Gupta period. during the Mughal period.
0 .3 9 A U , 3 6 3 ,0 3 1
5 8 .7 E a rth 3 .3 x 5 -1 3 a rc 1 0 0 -7 0 0 K
M e rc u ry m il lio n m ile s 8 7 .9 6 E a rth d a y s m ile s 0
days 1 0 23 seconds m ean=452 K
G
5 7 .9 m illio n k m 4 ,8 7 8 k m
7 ,5 2 1
0 .7 2 3 A U
2 4 3 E a rth 4 .8 7 x m ile s 1 0 -6 4 a rc
V enus 6 7 .2 m illio n m i le s 2 2 4 .6 8 E a rth d a y s 726 K 0
days 1 0 24 1 2 ,1 0 4 seconds
E
1 0 8 . 2 m i ll i o n k m
km
7 ,9 2 6
1 A U
5 .9 8 x m ile s Not
E a r th 9 3 m i l l i o n m il e s 3 6 5 .2 6 d a y s 2 4 h o u rs 24 2 6 0 -3 1 0 K 1
O
10 1 2 ,7 5 6 A p p lic a b l e
1 4 9 . 6 m i ll i o n k m
km
1 .5 2 4 A U 2 4 .6 E a rth
4 ,2 2 2
1 4 1 .6 m illio n h o u rs 6 .4 2 x 4 -2 5 a rc
G
M a rs 6 8 6 .9 8 E a rth d a y s m ile s 1 5 0 -3 1 0 K 2
m ile s = 1 .0 2 6 1 0 23 seconds
6 ,7 8 7 k m
2 2 7 . 9 m i ll i o n k m E a rth d a y s
18
5 .2 0 3 A U 8 8 ,7 2 9 nam ed
J u p ite r
4 8 3 .6 m illio n
m ile s
7 7 8 . 3 m i ll i o n k m
1 1 .8 6 2 E a rth y e a rs
9 .8 4 E a rth
h o u rs
1 .9 0 x
1 0 27
m ile s
1 4 2 ,7 9 6
km
3 1 -4 8 a rc
seconds
120 K
( c lo u d to p s )
( p lu s
m any
s m a ll e r
ones)
R
S a tu rn
9 .5 3 9 A U
8 8 6 .7 m illio n
m ile s
1 ,4 2 7 .0 m illi o n
2 9 .4 5 6 E a rth y e a rs
1 0 .2 E a rth
h o u rs
5 .6 9 x
1 0 26
7 4 ,6 0 0
m ile s
1 2 0 ,6 6 0
1 5 -2 1 a rc
seconds
e x c lu d in g
88 K 18+
A
km r in g s
km
1 9 .1 8 A U
1 ,7 8 4 .0 m illi o n
1 7 .9 E a rth 8 .6 8 x
3 2 ,6 0 0
m ile s 3 -4 a rc
P
U ran u s m ile s 8 4 .0 7 E a rth y e a rs 59 K 15
H
h o u rs 1 0 25 5 1 ,1 1 8 seconds
2 ,8 7 1 .0 m illi o n
km
km
3 0 .0 6 A U
3 0 ,2 0 0
Y
2 ,7 9 4 .4 m illi o n
1 9 .1 E a rth 1 .0 2 x m ile s 2 .5 a rc
N e p tu n e m ile s 1 6 4 .8 1 E a rth y e a rs
h o u rs 1 0 26 4 8 ,6 0 0 seconds
48 K 82
4 ,4 9 7 .1 m illi o n
km
km
3 9 .5 3 A U
P lu to (a 1 ,4 1 3 1 la r g e
3 ,6 7 4 .5 m illi o n 6 .3 9 E a rth 1 .2 9 x 0 .0 4 a rc
d w a rf 2 4 7 .7 y e a rs m ile s 37 K ( p lu s 2
m ile s days 1 0 22 seconds
p la n e t) 2 ,2 7 4 k m tin y )
5 , 9 1 3 m i ll i o n k m
Plutoid
Y Solar eclipses happen when the closer. Therefore, the two bodies
Moon blocks the light from the Sun. look about the same size in the sky.
(d) only in the central regions of
the totality trail
Ans.(c) CSE 1996
During a total solar eclipse, the sky The Moon is moving slowly away
appears as dark as night, and you can from the Earth (at a rate of a couple Q. If the stars are seen to rise
see the Sun’s glowing corona. A solar of centimetres a year.) In a billion perpendicular to the horizon by an
eclipse occurs when the Sun, the years’ time, the Moon will appear observer, he is located on the
Moon and the Earth all line up. The too small for there to be any total (a) Equator
Moon blocks the light of the Sun, and solar eclipses at all. (b) Tropic of Cancer
casts a shadow on the Earth. (c) South Pole
It is safe to observe the total phase (d) North Pole
TYPES OF ECLIPSE of a solar eclipse directly with the Ans.(a) CSE 2001
Partial - A partial eclipse happens
when the Moon passes in front of 2 INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
the Sun, but does not cover it
completely. The earth’s radius is 6,370 km. No STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
one can reach the centre of the
Total - A total eclipse occurs when
earth and make observations or
the Moon covers the Sun completely.
collect samples of the material.
Only a small region of the Earth will
Most of our knowledge about the
see a total eclipse, but observers in
interior of the earth is largely based
the nearby regions see a partial
on estimates and inferences. Yet, a
eclipse.
part of the information is obtained
Annular - If the Moon is further through direct observations and
away from the Earth than normal, analysis of materials.
G Measuring earthquakes
An earthquake’s power can be
represents a factor of 10 times in
amplitude.
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Each integer reading of the
E measured in two ways: by intensity
(strength) and magnitude (ground
Ans.(a) CSE 2001
River Source
Approx. length
Outflow mi. km
G
Nile
Amazon
Tributaries of Lake Victoria, Africa
Glacier-fed lakes, Peru
Mediterranean Sea
Atlantic Ocean
4,180
3,912
6,690
6,296
E
Mississippi-Missouri- Source of Red Rock, Montana Gulf of Mexico 3,710 5,970
Red Rock
Chang Jiang(Yangtze) Tibetan plateau, China China Sea 3,602 5,797
O
Ob
Huang He (Yellow)
Altai Mts., Russia
Eastern part of Kunlan
Gulf of Ob 3,459 5,567
G
Mts., West China Gulf of Chihli 2,900 4,667
Yenisei Tannu-Ola Mts., western Tuva,
Russia Arctic Ocean 2,800 4,506
R
Paraná Confluence of Paranaiba and
Irtish
Grande rivers
Altai Mts., Russia
Río de la Plata
Ob River
2,795
2,758
4,498
4,438
A
Zaire (Congo)
Heilong (Amur)
Confluence of Lualab and
Luapula rivers, Congo
Confluence of Shilka (Russia)
Atlantic Ocean 2,716 4,371 P
Lena
qand Argun (Manchuria) rivers
Baikal Mts., Russia
Tatar Strait
Arctic Ocean
2,704
2,652
4,352
4,268 H
Mackenzie Head of Finlay River,
British Columbia, Canada Beaufort Sea
(Arctic Ocean) 2,635 4,241
Y
Niger Guinea Gulf of Guinea 2,600 4,184
Mekong Tibetan highlands South China Sea 2,500 4,023
Mississippi Lake Itasca, Minnesota Gulf of Mexico 2,348 3,779
Missouri Confluence of Jefferson,
Gallatin, and Madison rivers, Montana Mississippi River 2,315 3,726
Madeira Confluence of Beni and
Maumoré rivers, Bolivia–
Brazil boundary Amazon River 2,012 3,238
Purus Peruvian Andes Amazon River 1,993 3,207
São Francisco Southwest Minas Gerais, Brazil Atlantic Ocean 1,987 3,198
Yukon Junction of Lewes and Pelly rivers,
Yukon Territory, Canada Bering Sea 1,979 3,185
St. Lawrence Lake Ontario Gulf of St. Lawrence 1,900 3,058
Rio Grande San Juan Mts., Colorado Gulf of Mexico 1,885 3,034
Brahmaputra Himalayas Ganges River 1,800 2,897
Indus Himalayas Arabian Sea 1,800 2,897
O Ganges
Amu Darya (Oxus)
Himalayas
Nicholas Range, Pamir Mts.,
Bay of Bengal 1,557 2,506
A Ohio-Allegheny
Irrawaddy
Potter County, Pennsylvania
Confluence of Nmai and
Mali rivers, northeast Burma
Mississippi River
Bay of Bengal
1,306
1,300
2,102
2,092
P Orange
Orinoco
Lesotho
Serra Parima Mts., Venezuela
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
1,300
1,281
2,092
2,062
Pilcomayo Andes Mts., Bolivia Paraguay River 1,242 1,999
H Xi Jiang (Si Kiang)
Columbia
Eastern Yunnan Province, China
Columbia Lake, British
China Sea 1,236 1,989
The homosphere and heterosphere are
Beyond the Atmosphere
the barometer might register about
The exosphere starts at the top to 970 mbs. (Surface air pressure tends
G
the thermosphere and continues until to be less as you go up in elevation).
defined by whether the atmospheric
gases are well mixed. In
the homosphere the chemical
it merges with interplanetary gases, Of note, both high and low pressure
or space. In this region of the systems typically cover at least
R
atmosphere, Hydrogen and Helium many hundreds of miles in area, and
composition of the atmosphere does
not depend on molecular weight
because the gases are mixed by
are the prime components and are move rather slowly. So you typically
only present at extremely low won’t see a change in pressure from
A
densities. one extreme to the other in a matter
turbulence. [3] The homosphere
includes the troposphere,
stratosphere, and mesosphere.
of hours, but more over a time
How was this topic asked in the CSE? periods of days or weeks. And it’s
P
Q. The correct sequence of highly doubtful you’ll feel the change
Above the turbopause at about
100 km (62 mi; 330,000 ft)
(essentially corresponding to the
different layers of the atmosphere in air pressure, but you’ll certainly
from the surface of the Earth see the weather changes associated
H
with pressure change. Under high
mesopause), the composition varies
with altitude. This is because
the distance that particles can move
upwards is:
(a) Troposphere, Stratosphere,
Ionosphere, Mesosphere
pressure, weather is typically fair,
skies cloudless. But under low
Y
(b) Stratosphere, Troposphere, pressure, rain, wind and inclimate
without colliding with one another is conditions prevail.
large compared with the size of Ionosphere, Mesosphere
motions that cause mixing. This (c) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Using Atmospheric Pressure to
allows the gases to stratify by Mesosphere, Ionosphere
Forecast the Weather
molecular weight, with the heavier (d) Stratosphere, Troposphere,
ones such as oxygen and nitrogen Mesosphere, Ionosphere Changes in atmospheric pressure
present only near the bottom of the Ans. (c) CSE 1998 are one of the most commonly used
heterosphere. The upper part of the ways to forecast changes in the
heterosphere is composed almost weather because weather patterns
Atmospheric Pressure
completely of hydrogen, the lightest are carried around in regions of high
element. Atmospheric pressure is defined as and low pressure. Weather maps
the force per unit area exerted use lines of equal pressure
The planetary boundary layer is against a surface by the weight of called isobars to indicate areas of
the part of the troposphere that is air above that surface at any given equal pressure.
nearest the Earth’s surface and is point in the Earth’s atmosphere. In
directly affected by it, mainly A slowly rising atmospheric
most circumstances atmospheric
through turbulent diffusion. During pressure, over a week or two,
pressure is closely approximated by
the day the planetary boundary layer typically indicates settled weather
the hydrostatic pressure caused by
usually is well-mixed, while at night that will last a long time. A sudden
the weight of air above the
it becomes stably stratified with drop in atmospheric pressure over a
measurement point. Low pressure
weak or intermittent mixing. The few hours often forecasts an
areas have less atmospheric mass
depth of the planetary boundary approaching storm, which will not last
above their location, whereas high
Temperature
Changes
As air is heated it expands becoming
G 3. Slow, regular and moderate falls
in pressure suggest a low pressure
area is passing in a nearby region.
One of the primary factors affecting
the unequal heating of the Earth’s
less dense, and as a result, lighter.
Because it is lighter, it rises upwards
atmosphere is latitude. Latitude is the above the cooler air. As it does so,
R Marked changes in the weather
where you are located are unlikely.
measurement of the distance of a
location on the Earth from the
this air continues to expand. This is
because there is less pressure higher
4. Small rapid decreases in pressure equator. The farther away from the in the atmosphere, allowing the air
A indicate a nearby change in weather.
They are usually followed by brief
equator that a location resides, the
less sunlight that location
molecules to spread out more. In
order to spread out, these molecules
spells of wind and showers. receives. Why does location at require energy. As they do so, they
P 5. A quick drop in pressure over a
short time indicates a storm is likely
higher latitudes receive less sunlight?
It all has to do with the shape of the
become less agitated, and vibrate
slower. As a result the temperature
Earth. Because the Earth is round of these air molecules drops, despite
H in 5 to 6 hours.
6.Large, slow and sustained
only the front most portion receives
direct sunlight. Climate is based on
the fact that no heat has been
removed from them. This process
decreasing pressure forecasts a long many factors in addition to latitude, is referred to as adiabatic
Y period of poor weather. The weather
will be more pronounced if the
How was this topic asked in the CSE?
Q.The annual range of
cooling. As the air cools down, it
again begins to fall towards the
pressure started rising before it began surface of the Earth. As it sinks
to drop. temperature in the interior of the deeper into the atmosphere, the
continents is high as compared to pressure from the weight of the air
7. A rapid rise in pressure, during fair coastal areas. What is / are the
weather and average, or above above it, pushes air molecules closer
reason / reasons? together, causing them to become
average pressure, indicates a low 1. Thermal difference between
pressure cell is approaching. The more agitated, and heating them up.
land and water As a result, their temperature rises,
pressure will soon decrease 2. Variation in altitude between
forecasting poorer weather. even though no heat has been added.
continents and oceans This process is referred to as
8. Quickly rising pressure, when the 3. Presence of strong winds in the adiabatic warming.
pressure is low, indicates a short interior
period of fair weather is likely. 4. Heavy rains in the interior as Solar Spectrum
compared to coasts
9. A large, slow and sustained rise Select the correct answer using the The range of electromagnetic energy
in pressure forecasts a long period codes given below. emitted by the Sun is known as the
of good weather is on its way. (a) 1 only solar spectrum, and lies mainly in
(b) 1 and 2 only three regions: ultraviolet, visible, and
Barometers are widely used and infrared. While the Sun does emit
generally quite reliable at forecasting (c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 ultraviolet radiation, the majority of
the weather – and they also make a solar energy comes in the form of
great gift! To find out more about Ans: a (CSE 2013)
Expl: Due to land breeze and sea “light” and “heat”, in the visible and
measuring and forecasting the infrared regions of the
weather breeze the range of temperature
is less in coastal areas) electromagnetic spectrum. Light is
A • Annual Precipitation: 42 cm (17 Group III High-latitude climates: across all of Siberia to the Pacific
in). Latitude Range: 30° - 50° N and
S. Global Position: central and
Polar and arctic air masses dominate
these regions. Canada and Siberia
Ocean.
Tundra Climate (E) tundra biome
P southern California; coastal zones
bordering the Mediterranean Sea;
coastal Western Australia and South
are two air-mass sources which fall
into this group. A southern
hemisphere counterpart to these
The tundra climate is found along
arctic coastal areas. Polar and arctic
air masses dominate the tundra
H Australia; Chilean coast; Cape Town
region of South Africa.
continental centers does not exist.
Air masses of arctic origin meet
polar continental air masses along
climate. The winter season is long
and severe. A short, mild season
• Dry Midlatitude Climates (Bs) the 60th and 70th parallels. Boreal exists, but not a true summer
Y grasslands biome These dry climates
are limited to the interiors of North
forest Climate ( Dfc) taiga biome
This is a continental climate with
season. Moderating ocean winds
keep the temperatures from being
America and Eurasia.Ocean air as severe as interior regions.
long, very cold winters, and short,
masses are blocked by mountain • Temperature Range: -22 °C to 6
cool summers. This climate is found
ranges to the west and south. This °C (-10 °F to 41 °F).
in the polar air mass region. Very
allows polar air masses to dominate
cold air masses from the arctic often • Average Annual Precipitation: 20
in winter months. In the summer, a
move in. The temperature range is cm (8 in).
local continental air mass is
dominant. A small amount of rain How was this topic asked in the CSE • Latitude Range: 60° - 75° N.
falls during this season. Annual
A geographic region has the • Global Position: arctic zone of
temperatures range widely.
following distinct characteristics: North America; Hudson Bay region;
Summers are warm to hot, but
1. Warm and dry climate Greenland coast; northern Siberia
winters are cold.
2. Mild and wet winter bordering the Arctic Ocean.
• Temperature Average: 31 °C 3. Evergreen oak trees
(56°F). The above features are the Highland Climate (H) Alpine Biome
Highland climates are cool to cold,
• Annual Precipitation: 81 cm. (32 distinct characteristics of which found in mountains and high
in.). one of the following regions?
(a) Mediterranean plateaus. Climates change rapidly on
• Latitude Range: 30° - 55° N and (b) Eastern China mountains, becoming colder the
S. Global Position: western North (c) Central Asia higher the altitude gets. The climate
America (Great Basin, Columbia (d) Atlantic coast of North of a highland area is closely related
Plateau, Great Plains); Eurasian America to the climate of the surrounding
interior.· Moist Continental Ans (a) CSE 2010 biome. The highlands have the same
Climate (Cf) Deciduous Forest seasons and wet and dry periods as
O El Nino
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation is
Peru. The impact of the 1997/98
spell of the phenomena was very
damaging. Floods devastated the
Which of the statements given
above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
9 BIO GEOGRAPHY
begins due to the lowering of
infiltration rates. Once the rate of G
falling rain is faster than infiltration,
Erosion
Erosion is a gravity driven process
perceptible down-slope movement
of rock or sediment is often referred
runoff takes place. There are two
stages of sheet erosion. The first is R
to in general terms as a landslide. rain splash, in which soil particles are
that moves solids (sediment,
soil, rock and other particles) in the
natural environment or their source
However, landslides can be
classified in a much more detailed
knocked into the air by raindrop
impact. In the second stage, the A
way that reflects the mechanisms loose particles are moved down
and deposits them elsewhere. It
usually occurs due to transport by
wind, water, or ice; by down-
responsible for the movement and
the velocity at which the movement
slope by broad sheets of rapidly
flowing water filled with sediment P
occurs. One of the visible known as sheet floods. This stage
slope creep of soil and other material
under the force of gravity; or by
living organisms, such as burrowing
topographical manifestations of a
very slow form of such activity is
a scree slope.
of sheet erosion is generally
produced by cloudbursts, sheet H
floods commonly travel short
animals, in the case of bioerosion.
Erosion is a natural process, but it
has been increased dramatically by
Slumping happens on steep hillsides,
occurring along distinct fracture
distances and last only for a short
time. Y
zones, often within materials Rill erosion refers to the
human land use, especially industrial like clay that, once released, may
agriculture, deforestation, and urban development of small, ephemeral
move quite rapidly downhill. They concentrated flow paths, which
sprawl. will often show a spoon- function as both sediment source
Erosion processes shaped isostatic depression, in which and sediment delivery systems for
the material has begun to slide erosion on hill slopes. Generally,
Gravity erosion downhill. In some cases, the slump where water erosion rates on
Mass wasting is the downslope is caused by water beneath the slope disturbed upland areas are greatest,
movement of rock and sediments, weakening it. In many cases it is rills are active. Flow depths in rills
mainly due to the force of gravity. simply the result of poor engineering are typically on the order of a few
Mass movement is an important part along highways where it is a regular
of the erosional process, as it moves centimeters or less and slopes may
occurrence. be quite steep. These conditions
material from higher elevations to
lower elevations where other eroding Surface creep is the slow constitute a very different hydraulic
agents such as streams movement of soil and rock debris by environment than typically found in
and glaciers can then pick up the gravity which is usually not channels of streams and rivers.
material and move it to even lower perceptible except through extended Eroding rills evolve morphologically
elevations. Mass-movement observation. However, the term can in time and space. The rill bed
processes are always occurring also describe the rolling of dislodged surface changes as soil erodes,
continuously on all slopes; some soil particles 0.5 to 1.0 mm in which in turn alters the hydraulics
mass-movement processes act very diameter by wind along the soil of the flow. The hydraulics is the
slowly; others occur very suddenly, surface. driving mechanism for the erosion
often with disastrous results. Any process, and therefore dynamically
Y 15. Conflict
16. Illiteracy, unemployment and lack
of awareness are also the factors
affecting birth
Mortality rate
Mortality rate is a measure of the
number of deaths (in general, or due
to a specific cause) in a population,
scaled to the size of that population,
per unit of time. Mortality rate is
typically expressed in units of deaths
per 1000 individuals per year; thus,
a mortality rate of 9.5 (out of 1000)
in a population of 100,000 would
mean 950 deaths per year in that
entire population, or 0.95% out of the
total. It is distinct from morbidity
rate, which refers to the number of
individuals in poor health during a
given time period (the prevalence
rate) or the number of newly
appearing cases of the disease per
unit of time (incidence rate).
U.S.A.
Vistula
Potomac
Q. Match List I (State / Province /
Overseas Territory) with List II
it contains an unnavigable reef
or archipelago.
Well-known straits in the world
O Yangoon Myanmar Irrawaddy
The flow of water through (orientations to the sea), it may be 1. The Indus System Y
well defined channels is known as grouped into: (i) the Arabian Sea It covers an area of 11, 65,000 sq.
‘drainage’ and the network of such drainage; and (ii) the Bay of Bengal km (in India it is 321, 289 sq. km)
channels is called a ‘drainage drainage. They are separated from and a total length of 2,880 km (in
system’. Drainage system is also each other through the Delhi ridge, India 1,114 km). The Indus also
known as Rivers System. The the Aravalis and the Sahyadris. known as the Sindhu is the
drainage pattern of an area is the Nearly 77 per cent of the drainage westernmost of the Himalayan
outcome of the geological time area consisting of the Ganga, the Rivers in India. It originates from a
period, nature and structure of rocks, Brahmaputra, the Mahanadi, the glacier near Bokhar Chu (31°15' N
topography, slope, amount of water Krishna, etc. is oriented towards the latitude and 81°40' E longitude) in
flowing and the periodicity of the Bay of Bengal while 23 per cent the Tibetan region at an altitude of
flow. A river drains the water comprising the Indus, the Narmada, 4,164 m in the Kailash Mountain
collected from a specific area, which the Tapi, the Mahi and the Periyar range. In Tibet, it is known as ‘Singi
is called its ‘catchment area’. An systems discharge their waters in the Khamban; or Lion’s mouth. After
area drained by a river and its Arabian Sea. flowing in the northwest direction
tributaries is called a drainage basin. between the Ladakh and Zaskar
The catchments of large rivers are THE HIMALAYAN
ranges, it passes through Ladakh
called river basins while those of DRAINAGE and Baltistan. It cuts across the
small rivulets and rills are called as The Himalayan drainage system Ladakh range, forming a spectacular
watersheds. mainly includes the Ganga, the Indus gorge near Gilgit in Jammu and
Indian drainage system may be and the Brahmaputra river basins. Kashmir. It enters into Pakistan near
divided on various bases. On the The Himalayan drainage consists of Chillar in the Dardistan region.
basis of discharge of water several river systems but the Tributaries in the mountains are
tributaries are the Yamuna and the and Mekong rivers originate in
and Spiti District of Himachal
G Pradesh. The Ravi, The Beas and
The Satluj are other important
Son. The Son originates in Madhya Tibet and flow through harrow and
Pradesh state, just east of the parallel mountain ranges in their
headwaters of the Narmada River,
tributaries of the Indus. Ravi River upper reaches. Of these rivers,
R originates in the Himalayas in the
Chamba district of Himachal
and flows north-northwest through Brahmaputra makes a “U” turn in
Madhya Pradesh state before its course to flow into India. This
turning sharply eastward when it “U” turn is due to’
Pradesh. The Sutlej originates from
A the Rakas Lake, which is connected
to the Manasarovar lake by a stream,
encounters the southwest-northeast- (a) Uplift of folded Himalayan
running Kaimur Range. Yamuna- It series
is the largest tributary of Ganga. It’s (b) Syntaxial bending of geolo-
in Tibet. Its flows in a north-westerly
P direction and enters Himachal
Pradesh at the Shipki Pass, where it
important tributaries are Chambal,
Betwa and Ken.
gically young Himalayas
(c) Geo-tectonic disturbance in the
tertiary folded mountain chains
is joined by the Spiti river. 3. The Brahmaputra System
H (d) Both (a) and (b) above
How was this topic asked in the CSE? The Brahmaputra, one of the largest Ans. (d) CSE 2011
Q. From north towards south, rivers of the world, has its origin in the same place, the river forms the
Y which one of the following is the
correct sequence of the given
the Chemayungdung glacier of the deepest canyon of the world. Only
Kailash range near the Mansarovar in 1998, a 30 meter waterfall was
rivers in India? Lake. From here, it traverses discovered nearby and since then
(a) Shyok - Spiti - Zaskar - Satluj eastward longitudinally for a distance China is planning to build a huge
(b) Shyok - Zaskar - Spiti - Satluj of nearly 1,200 km in a dry and flat hydroelectric dam having an
(c) Zaskar - Shyok - Satluj - Spiti region of southern Tibet, where it is installed capacity of 40,000 MW.
(d) Zaskar - Satluj - Shyok - Spiti known as the Tsangpo, which means
Ans. (b) CSE 2006 ‘the purifier.’ The Rango Tsangpo The river emerges from the foothills
Q . Which one of the following is the major right bank tributary of under the name of Siang or Dihang.
rivers does not originate in India? this river in Tibet. It emerges as a It enters India west of Sadiya town
(a) Beas (b) Chenab turbulent and dynamic river after in Arunachal Pradesh. Flowing
(c) Ravi (d) Sutlej carving out a deep gorge in the southwest, it receives its main left
Ans. (d) CSE 2009 Central Himalayas near Namcha bank tributaries, viz., Dibang or
Barwa (7,755 m). The Brahmaputra Sikang and Lohit; thereafter, it is
2. The Ganga System The Ganga river follows an odd channel to flow known as the Brahmaputra.
is the most important river of India to the sea. It flows towards east for The Brahmaputra receives
both from the point of view of its almost half of its length in numerous tributaries in its 750 km
basin and cultural significance. It mountainous Tibet and then due to long journey through the Assam
rises in the Gangotri glacier near the uplift of folded Himalayan series valley. Its major left bank tributaries
Gaumukh (3,900 m) in the and syntaxial bending of Himalayas are the Burhi Dihing, Dhansari
Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand. takes a U-turn to enter plains in (South) and Kalang whereas the
Here, it is known as the Bhagirathi. India. Ultimately, it enters important right bank tributaries are
It cuts through the Central and the Bangladesh towards South and the Subansiri, Kameng, Manas and
Lesser Himalayas in narrow gorges. meets the Ganges before reaching Sankosh.
R Ramnagar.
Characteristics of Peninsula
2. The catchment areas and basins Narmada and Tapi form estuaries.
of the Himalayan rivers are very Drainaqe of Thar Desert region
large.
A Rivers
3. The Himalayan rivers originate
Numerous rivers traversing the from the snow covered areas and
The greater part of Rajasthan and
Gujarat is dry land which forms a
part of the Thar Desert. Due to dry
Indian Peninsula are older than the receive water from rainfall as well
P Himalayan rivers and embody the from snow melt. Therefore they are
following major characteristics: perennial.
climate and sandy soils hardly any
water is able to reach the sea and
this reqion forms an area of
H (i) The sources of the Peninsular 4. Himalayan rivers are larger in
rivers lie in plateaus and low hills number.
devoid of snow, therefore, most of
internal drainaqe in south-western
part. The only river that rises in this
territory and reaches the sea is the
5. The Himalayan rivers form deep
Y the rivers are seasonal.
(ii) Most of these rivers can be said
gorges.
Luni. It enters Arabian Sea through
the Rann of Kutch.
to have reached a mature state of 6. The Himalayan rivers form river Other Water Bodies
development, presenting a senile meanders and often change their
topography. course. The Pangong Lake & Tso Morari
7. These rivers are useful for in Ladakh, is a fine example of a
(iii) These rivers flow through open mountain lake in the Himalayas.
and graded shallow valleys with low irrigation and navigation.
gradients and little erosion. (iv) The 8. These rivers flow across the Major gulfs include the Gulf of
Peninsular rivers are either young fold mountains and are still in Cambay, Gulf of Kutch and the
superimposed or at places a youthful stage. 9. These rivers Gulf of Mannar.
rejuvenated (represented by small represent antecedent drainage. Straits include the Palk Strait
waterfalls), giving birth to radial,
trellis, or rectangular drainage 10. The Himalayan rivers form big which separates India from Sri
patterns. deltas. The Ganga-Brahmaputra Lanka and the Ten Degree
delta is the largest in the world. Channel, separating the Andamans
(v) These rivers mostly have smaller from the Nicobar Islands and the
courses and small basins. The Peninsular River System Eight Degree Channel separating
1. Peninsular rivers are not as long the Laccadive and Amindivi Islands
(vi) These are devoid of meanders from Minicoy Island towards the
as the Himalayan rivers.
because of hard rock and non- south.
alluvial character of the plateau. (vii) 2. The catchment areas and basins
The impermeable hard rock limits of the Peninsular rivers are of Important capes include the Cape
the ground water recharge in the comparatively smaller size. Comorin, the southern tip of
aquifers of peninsular rivers. mainland India, Indira Point, the
3. Peninsular rivers are smaller in southernmost location of India,
number.
Sharada Asvina-Kartika
E range of weather conditions across
a large geographic scale and varied
topography.India’s unique geography
normally blow from high pressure to
low pressure trough. The velocity of
winds depends upon the pressure
Sept-Oct
Hemanta Margashirsa-
O and geology strongly influence its
climate. The mighty Himalayas in
the North the Thar Desert in the
gradient. The South East trade winds
originate in the ocean and blow over
hot land during summer. The
Pausa Nov-Dec
Shishira Magha-Phalguna
Jan-Feb
G northwest and the Oceans on the
south play a vital role in influencing
the climate of India. The Himalayas
conditions are reversed during
winter. Seasons
In the upper layers of the
R prevent the cold polar winds blowing
from central Asia in the north during
winter. They obstruct the moisture
troposphere, there are strong
westerly winds concentrated in a
On the basis of the monsoon
variations, the meteorologists
recognize the four distinct seasons
relatively narrow and shallow
A bearing monsoon winds blowing
from the south during summer and
cause heavy rainfall to India. Here
stream known as ‘Jet streams’.
They are positioned in the
in India such as:
1. Winter (December to February)
Troposphere. They blow from west
P the Himalayas act not only as a
physical barrier but also a climatic
barrier. The triangular shape of India
to east. Due to the obstruction
caused by the mighty Himalayas a
2. Summer (March to May)
3. SouthWestMonsoon.(June to
branch of these winds descends over September)
H is responsible for diversion of
monsoon winds and causes
orographic rainfall over the entire
north western parts of India in winter
like jet streams. It plays an important
4. North East Monsoon (October to
Nov)
role in bringing the westerly winds
Y coastal area. Western Ghats and
Shillong plateau act as barriers here. to India and causes rainfall in North
West India. Though the above
Winter
(December to February)
The coastal areas enjoy ‘equable factors influence the climate of India
climate’ because of the moderating the unifying factors remains to be During winter, the sun is overhead
influence of the sea breeze. Chennai the “monsoon winds”. The general in the Tropic of Capricorn. The land
is an example for experiencing this climate of India is described as mass becomes cold in North India
climate. The range of temperature Tropical monsoon type. The word, where the day mean temperature
is not high in these areas, where as monsoon is derived from the Arabic remains below 21oC and the night
the interior of the plateau and the word “Mausim” meaning reversal of temperature is about 22 o C. No
northern plains have a ‘continental winds. obvious difference is found in the
climate’ because their location is far temperature during day and night. In
away from the influence of the seas. TRADITIONAL INDIAN the meantime high pressure
Continental climate is characterised SEASONS develops in the northwestern part of
by extreme conditions of very hot India because of prevalence of low-
In the Indian tradition, a year is temperature. In contrast to this, a
summer and very cold winter for
divided into six two-monthly low pressure area forms in the South
example, Delhi experiences
seasons. This cycle of seasons, India, that is both in the Arabian Sea
continental climate.
which the common people in north and the Bay of Bengal.
The pressure belts and the wind and central India follow is based on Consequently the winds blow from
systems follow the apparent their practical experience and age- the high pressure area towards
movement of the sun. During old perception of weather South India. These winds are called
summer, the sun shines vertically phenomena. However, this system the ‘Retreating monsoon winds’
overhead in the Northern does not match with the seasons of which blow from land to sea and do
Hemisphere. So, a low pressure south India where there is little not cause much rainfall. But these
trough develops over the interior of variation in the seasons. winds absorb some moisture while
H season in our country. Based on the factor in the agricultural and other
amount of rainfall our country can activities of the people of India. All
be divided into following rainfall our activities revolve round the
temperature of the warmest month
is less than 10°C.
stability through preservation and, on existing forests. 6. Vansda N ational Park Guj arat
Ori ssa
adversely disturbed by serious Protected area Well-known for
O depletion of the forests of the
country.
1. Bhiterkanika, Odisha : Salt
Water Crocodile
9. Blackbuck N ational Par k,
Velavadar
10. Buxa Tiger Res erve
Guj arat
West Bengal
2. Desert National Park : Great
G Conserving the natural heritage of
the country by preserving the
remaining natural forests with the
Indian Bustard Rajasthan
3. Eravikulam, Kerala : Hoolak
11. C ampbell Bay Nati onal
Park
12. C handoli Nat ional Park
Anda man and
Nicobar
Maharas htra
Gibbon
R vast variety of flora and fauna.
Checking soil erosion and denudation
Which of the pairs given above is/
are correctly matched?
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
13. C orbett National Park
As sam
Q. Consider the following
P dunes in the desert areas of
Rajasthan and along the coastal
tracts.
programmes:
1. Afforestation and development
17. Dudhwa N ational Park
18. Eravikul am N ational
Park
Ut tar Prades h
Ker ala
of wastelands
H Increasing substantially the forest/
tree cover in the country through
2. Reforestation and replantation
in existing forests
3. Encouraging the wood
19. Fossi l Nati onal Park
Madhya
Pr adesh
Anda man and
massive afforestation and social 20. G alathea Nat ional Park
Y
Nicobar
forestry programmes. substitutes and supplying other
types of fuel 21. G angotri National Par k Ut tarakh and
Meeting the requirements of fuel- 4. Promotion of wide use of 22. G ir N ational Park Guj arat
wood, fodder, minor forest produce insecticides and pesticides to 23. G orumara Nat ional Park West Bengal
and small timber of the rural and tribal restrict the loss of forest area from 24. G ovi nd Pashu Vihar Ut tarakh and
populations. degradation caused by pests and 25. G reat Himalayan Hi machal
insects. N ational Park Pr adesh
How was this topic asked in the CSE? The National Forest Policy of 1988 26. G ugamal Nat ional Park Maharas htra
includes
Q. Which one of the following 27. G uindy Nati onal Park Tam il N adu
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 2 and 4
does not belong to biosphere (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3 28. G ulf of Kac hchh Marine Guj arat
reserves set-up so far? Ans. (d) CSE 1996
N ational Park
(a) Great Nicobar 29. G ulf of Mannar Marine Tam il N adu
(b) Sunderbans Q. The Himalayan Range is very N ational Park
(c) Nanda Devi rich in species diversity. Which one 30. H emis National Pa rk Jam mu and
(d) Gulf of Kachchh among the following is the most Kashmir
Ans. (d) CSE 1995 appropriate reason for this 31. H azaribag N ational Park Jharkhand
phenomenon ? 32. Indira Gandhi N ational
(a) It has a high rainfall that Park (prev: Annamalai Tam il N adu
Q. Which one of the following supports luxuriant vegetative N ational Park)
regions of India is now regarded growth (b) It is a confluence of 33. Indravati Nat ional Park Chhatti sgarh
as an ‘ecological hot spot’? different biogeographical zones 34. Intanki Nati onal Park Nagaland
(a) Western Himalayas (c) Exotic and invasive species 35. K alesar National Par k Haryana
(b) Eastern Himalayas have not been introduced in this Madhya
(c) Western Ghats region (d) It has less human 36. K anha National Par k
Pr adesh
(d) Eastern Ghats interference 37. K anger Ghati N ational
Ans. (c) CSE 1996 Chhatti sgarh
Ans (b) CSE 2011 Park (K anger Vall ey)
4 5 . M a d h a v N a t io n a l P a rk
K a rn a ta ka
M a d h ya
P ra d e sh
Park a.k.a. Borivili National
Park, Mumbai
Maharashtra
G
84. Sariska National Park Rajasthan
4 6 . M a h a t ma G a n d h i M a rin e
N a ti o n a l P a rk ( p re v: W a n d u r
N a ti o n a l P a rk)
4 7 . M a h a v ir H a rin a
A ndam an and
N ico b a r
A n d h ra
85. Satpura National Park
Madhya
Pradesh
E
V a n a sth a li N a tio n a l P a rk P ra d e sh 86. Silent Valley National
4 8 . M a n a s N a tio n a l Pa r k
4 9 . M a t h ike tta n S h o l a
N a ti o n a l P a rk
A ssa m
K era la
Park
87. Sirohi National Park
Kerala
Manipur
O
G
5 0 . M i d d le B u t to n Is la n d A ndam an and 88. Simlipal National Park Orissa
N a ti o n a l P a rk N ico b a r
5 1 . M o l lem N a tio n a l P a rk G oa 89. Singalila National Park West Bengal
A ru n a c h a l 90. South Button Island Andaman and
5 2 . M o u l in g N a t io n a l P a rk
R
P ra d e sh
National Park Nicobar
5 3 . M o u n t A b u W il d life
R a ja st h a n
S a n ct u a ry 91. Sri Venkateswara Andhra
5 4 . M o u n t Ha r r iet N a tio n a l A ndam an and National Park Pradesh
A
P a rk N ico b a r
92. Sultanpur National Park Haryana
A n d h ra
5 5 . M r u g a va n i N a tio n a l P a rk P ra d e sh
93. Sundarbans National
5 6 . M u d u m a la i N a tio n a l P a rk T a mi l N a d u West Bengal
Park
5 7 . M u k u rth i N a tio n a l Pa r k
M izoram
K arnataka
94. Tadoba National Park
95. Valley of Flowers
Maharashtra
Uttarakhand
P
National Park
6 0. Nam dap ha Nati ona l P ark
(a) 2
A B
1
C
5
D
3
the Nallamalai range.
2. Pathrakkadavu Hydroelectric
Q. Match List I (National Park/ Project is proposed to be built near
G Sanctuary) with List II (State) and
select the correct answer using the
(b) 4
(c) 2
(d) 4
3
3
1
2
5
2
1
1
3
the Silent Valley National Park.
3. The Kunthi river originates in
codes given below the lists Ans. (b) CSE 2005 Silent Valley’s rainforests.
R List I
A. Kanger Park Q. Which one of the following is
also known as Top Slip ?
Which of the statements given
above is/are correct?
B. Nagerhole National Park (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 only
A C. Kugti Wildlife Sanctuary
D. Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary
(a) Simlipal National Park
(b) Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
(c) Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary
(c) 2 and 3
Ans. (c)
(d) 1, 2 and 3
CSE 2005
List II
P 1. Chhattisgarh
2. Haryana
(d) Indira Gandhi Wildlife
Sanctuary and National Park
Ans. (d) CSE 2007
Q. Consider the following pairs of
National Park and River flowing
through the Park
3. Himachal Pradesh
H 4. Karnataka
(a)
A
3
B
2
C
1
D
4
Q. Match List-I with List - II and
select the correct answer using the
code given below the lists
1. Corbett National Park: Ganga
2. Kaziranga : Manas
3. Silent Valley : Kaveri
Y (b)
(c)
(d)
1
3
1
4
4
2
3
1
3
2
2
4
List-I (National Park Wildlife
Sanctuary)
A. Chandra Prabha B. Karera
Which of the above pairs is/are
correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 only
Ans.(b) CSE 2004 C. Jaisamand D. Nahargarh (c) 1 and 3 (d) None
List-II (Nearby Town) Ans: d (CSE 2013)
Q. Match List 1 (Biosphere 1. Jaipur 2. Jhasni Expl: 1. Corbett National Park :
Reserve) with List II (States) and 3. Agra 4. Varanasi Rivers passing are River
select the correct answer using the 5. Udaipur Ramganga (West) and River Kosi
codes given below the lists : A B C D 2. Kaziranga National Park: Rivers
List I List II (a) 4 1 5 2 passing are Brahmaputra, Diphlu,
A. Similipal 1. Sikkim (b) 5 2 3 1 Mora Diphlu and Mora Dhansiri
B. Dehong Deband 2. Uttarakhand (b) 4 2 5 1 3. Silent Valley National Park:
C. Nokrek 3. Arunachal (c) 5 1 3 2 Rivers passing are Bharatha-
Pradesh puzha, River Kunthi
Ans. (c) CSE 2006
D. Kanchenjunga 4. Odisha
5. Meghalaya Q. Which one among the following
Q. Which one of the following is
A B C D has the maximum number of
located in the Bastar region?
(a) 1 3 5 4 National Parks?
(a) Bandhavgarh National Park
(b) 4 5 2 1 (a) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(b) Dandeli Sanctuary
(c) 1 5 2 4 (b) Arunachal Pradesh
(c) Rajaji National Park
(d) 4 3 5 1 (c) Assam
(d) Indravati National Park
Ans: (d) CSE 2004 (d) Meghalaya
Ans. (d) CSE 2007
Ans. (a) CSE 2008
1.72
1.78
1.35
H Subsistence agriculture
It is a type of agriculture in which
farming. It mainly depends on
irrigation.
Production 3.57
Yield
Coarse Cereals
1.83
2.61
1.24
Wet farming
Y crops grown are consumed by the
farmer and his familymembers.
They concentrate on cultivation of
It is a type of farming which mainly
Area -2.12
Production -0.02
Yield 1.82
-0.81
3.01
3.85
depends upon rains. It is prevalent
food crops only. Large scale Pulses
in the north, North eastern, Eastern
improvement has been made in Area -0.60 1.60
India and on the western slopes of
Indian agriculture after Production 0.59 3.69
the Western Ghats. Rice and Jute
independence. The farmers Yield 0.93 2.06
are grown in this type of farming. Sugarcane
intensively cultivate the available
land with high input of fertilizers, Cropping patterns Area -0.07 1.38
manures, high yielding variety of Production 2.73 2.07
The prudence of farmers decides the Yield 1.05 0.68
seeds, farm machineries and cropping patterns. Cropping patterns
irrigational facilities wherever Cotton
are the patterns in which agricultural Area 2.71 3.22
possible, with the aim of obtaining crops are raised. The following
maximum yield. So this type of Production 2.29 13.53
cropping patterns are prevalent in Yield -0.41 9.99
agriculture is also known as the India.
intensive subsistence agriculture. Nine Oilseeds
Normally this type of farming is 1. Unicropping pattern or Area 0.86 2.12
practised in great alluvial plain and Monoculture Production 1.63 3.36
deltaic regions along the east Yield 1.15 1.22
In this method, only one crop is
coast.Mainly staple food of Indians raised on an agricultural field at one
is cultivated through this agriculture Note: *Growth rates are based
time. (e.g.) Tea, coffee, sugarcane, Economic Survey 2012-13
pattern. Rice is the staple food of etc.
South Indians whereas wheat is of
North Indians. 2. Dual cropping (Double
cropping)
H to the Green Revolution strategy in needed vegetable proteins to a large harmful to the crop.
early 60’s which is the main factor vegetarian population of India.
for increase in production. Uses
- Pulses are leguminous plants with
Y Supply of high yielding variety root nodules which have the capacity - Gram is used as dal, besan (flour),
(HYV) seeds, proper use of to fix and use atmospheric nitrogen roasted or cooked and for various
chemical fertilizers, an excellent in the soil and are rotated with other preparations that include sweets and
irrigation system provided by a close crops to maintain or restore soil savouries.
network of canals and effective pest fertility.
- Its green leaves are used as
control measures have contributed
- They serve as an excellent vegetable.
significantly to the increase in wheat
production. forage(food for cattle) and grain - Its grain is used to feed horses and
concentrates in the feed of cattle. cattle.
The states in order of production are
Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, - Though gram and tur (arhar) are Areas / States
Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, the most important pulses; other
Gujarat and Maharashtra pulses such as urad (black gram), The most important producers of
moong (green gram), masoor gram are Uttar Pradesh, Himachal
Wheat Production in Uttar (lentil), matar (peas) and moth are Pradesh, Rajasthan and Haryana.
Pradesh also grown.
5. MAIZE (Rabi and Kharif Crop)
- Uttar Pradesh is the largest wheat 4. GRAM (Rabi Crop) - Maize is an inferior grain which is
producing state in India. Wheat is Gram accounts for nearly 37% of used both as food and fodder.
grown in almost every part of the the total production of pulses in India.
state but the western part of Uttar - Its grain provides food and is used
Pradesh is more suitable because of Climatic Requirements for obtaining starch and glucose.
its favourable climate. Temperature - Its stalk is used as fodder.
- Fine alluvial soil deposited by the
- Gram can be grown in a wide range - Maize is a tropical crop. It is also
mighty Ganga, its several tributaries
of climatic conditions, but it prefers known as corn.
O Rainfall
-It needs a rainfall of 50-70 cm.
- Groundnut can be eaten raw, - It needs a rainfall of 45-50 cm.
roasted, salted or sweetened. Many - It cannot withstand frost, prolonged
sweets and savouries are made from drought and heavy rains.
G Climatic Requirements
Temperature
Rainfall
- It requires about 50-75 cm rainfall.
its growth.
The yields decline at higher
elevations and no rubber plantations
R - Linseed can be grown in a wide
range of temperature of about 15°C
- Almost the whole area of castor
seed production is rainfed, but it is
tolerant of drought conditions.
are found above 700 m elevation.
Climatic Requirements
to 30°C.
A Rainfall
- It cannot withstand frost.
Characteristics
Temperature
Rubber is a native plant of equatorial
P - A rainfall of about 45 cm to 75 cm
is sufficient. Castor seed contains about 50% oil.
- It is unfit for human or cattle
forest and thrives well in hot and wet
climate.
Characteristics - It needs a high temperature
H consumption as it is poisonous. But
- Linseed is grown for its unique its residue can be used as a fertilizer.
drying property.
ranging from 21 ° C to 35° C. It
should not fall below 20° C.
Uses Rainfall
Y - The flax plant from which it is
obtained is mainly grown for its fibre - Its oil is used for industrial
purposes only, such as lubricants in
- It needs heavy rainfall from 200
in European countries. cm to 400 cm.
various machines, hair oil, lighting,
- In India, it is mainly grown for its soap making and leather tanning. - It should be well distributed over
seed. the year.
- Its leaves are fed to silk worms.
- The seed contains about 30% to - Dry spell and low temperature are
47% oil. - Its stalk is used as fuel. very harmful for the crop.
Uses Areas / States Method of Cultivation: Planting
Linseed oil is used for manufacturing India ranks second largest producer (i) Propagation of rubber plant is
paints, varnishes, printing ink, oil of castor seeds after Brazil in the done in two ways -
cloth and waterproof fabrics. world. Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and
Rajasthan are the largest producers (a) By seeds -
Areas I States of castor seeds in India. (l) Good quality seeds are
It is widely grown in Northern 6. PLANTATION CROPS germinated before planting.
Plains, central India and peninsular (2) After germination, they are
India. Madhya Pradesh, Uttar RUBBER grown in the nurseries.
Pradesh and Maharashtra are the - Rubber is a natural gift of forests
main producers accounting for about with a unique quality of elasticity. (3) After they grow to a height of
3/4th of the total production. about 30 cm, they are transplanted
- It is a tropical plant. to the well- prepared land and
CASTOR SEED (Rabi and planted in rows.
Kharif Crop) – - It has a lot of commercial value
as it is used as an eraser. It is used (4) The seedlings are usually
G temperature and dry winds are grow again. Ratoon crop is the Andhra Pradesh
harmful for the plant. second or any other succession crop (b) U.P., Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh
- Short cool, dry, winter season obtained from the root and left over (c) Maharashtra, U.P., Andhra
E during ripening and harvesting is in the field after the first crop.
ideal. Advantages of Ratooning
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu
(d) U.P., Maharashtra, Andhra
O - Frost is injurious to the plant; hence - Crop need not be planted again.
harvesting should be done before the
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu
Ans.(b)
winter season, especially in the -Ratoons have relatively shorter Characteristics - Sugarcane juice
CSE 2000
G north.
Rainfall
maturation period.
- The method does not involve any
is extracted by crushing the cane.
to grow more than about 40 cm. while low temperature will result in
excessive
pruning also does not allow the plant temperature will scorch the leaves
(2) South India
(1) North-East India
H This facilitates hand plucking which improper dying. After this process
is done mostly by women. - Pruning the tea leaves get back their normal
also helps in growing new shoots black colour and are ready for
(i) Assam Hill Region - is the
largest tea producing area in the
world. The conditions are most
berry contains seeds (coffee beans). - Annual rainfall ranges from 125 -
G - It needs rainfall of about 125 to
200 cm and it should be well-
Processing : There are two
methods of processing the plucked
300 cm.
- Southwest monsoon gives it enough
distributed throughout the year. rainfall.
R Coffee plant cannot tolerate frost,
snowfall, very high temperature and
coffee berries.
Wet and Dry Methods - The coffee Generally the slopes are protected
processed by the wet method is from- direct rain, direct rays of the
A prolonged drought conditions. Dry
weather is necessary at the time of
ripening of coffee fruits. Stagnant
called parchment coffee or
plantation coffee. This is obtained by
sun and strong winds.
- Coffee is grown on rich loamy
pulping, fermenting, washing and laterite soil, rich in humus and iron
P water is very harmful. Therefore, this
crop is always grown on hill slopes
at an elevation from 600 to 1600 m
drying. It may be done by machines.
Coffee processed by dry process is
oxide.
To improve the coffee yield the
called Cherry or Native method. In
H above sea level.
this method the berries are dried in
Northern and eastern slopes of the sun. After that the covering is
government is trying to promote
coffee cultivation under national
policy of tribal development in such
western ghats are preferable as they removed. The seeds are then
Y are not exposed to direct sunlight and pounded to remove the outer
southwest monsoon winds. covering.
non-traditional areas like Andhra
Pradesh, Odisha and Andaman and
Nicobar islands.
Methods of Cultivation However, coffee gets its
characteristic flavour only after Also, introduction of high yielding
Sowing : Coffee plants are grown roasting. Roasting gives it a brown plants, improved techniques, good
on mountain terraced slopes so that colour and pleasant taste. Most quality manure and latest pest control
water does not stagnate. In the early people prefer freshly roasted and methods may improve the coffee
stage, it is grown under shady trees powdered coffee as it tastes better. production.
such as dalap, silver oak and
jackfruit which are planted one year Area / States
HORTICULTURE
before the seeds are sown. Under horticulture, flowers,
The restricted agro-c1imatic
The seeds are sown in nursery beds conditions have forced coffee vegetables and fruits are cultivated
in rows and after 45 days are plantations to confine themselves to intensively. A variety of tropical and
transplanted to the fields. Many fruit small areas in south India comprising temperate fruits and vegetables are
trees such as orange, cardamom and hilly areas around Nilgiris. Almost grown side by side with other food
pepper vines are inter-planted for entire production comes from the crops.
earning extra income. Honey bees three states, viz., Kamataka, Kerala Spices
are reared on coffee plants as they and Tamil Nada.
help to pollinate the flowers. In India about 60 kinds of spices are
In Kerala, Kozhikode, Malappuram, grown. The production of spices and
Harvesting : Coffee plant bears Kollam, Pal ghat and Kottayam are herbs is widely distributed in a
fruits after the third year and the chief coffee producing areas. number of Indian states. Southern
continues for 30 to 50 years. The Nearly 20% of the coffee comes states of Karnataka, Kerala, and
trees are pruned when they reach a from these places. Tamilnadu are one of the major
(a) 2
A B
1
C
4
D
3
in 20 days during May-June is
sufficient for triggering off flushing
sprays with 1.0% Bordeaux mixture.
Drench the trenches also with 0.2%
copper oxychloride at least twice
O
(b) 2 1 3 4 and flowering processes in the plant.
(c) 1
(d) 1
2
2
4
3
3
4
But once the process is set off there
should be continuous shower until
during the south-west monsoons, the
first in May-June and the second in
August-September.
G
Ans. (a) CSE 1998 fruit ripening. Any dry spell even for
Q. Consider the following
statements:
a few day, within this critical period
of 16 weeks (flowering to fruit
Cardamom- It is cultivated and
grown in the forests of the Western
R
ripening) will result in low yield. Ghats in Southern India, where it
1. India ranks first in the world in
fruit production.
2. India ranks second in the world
Temperature: The crop tolerates
temperature between 10-40° C. The
grows wild. Indian Cardamom is
more aromatic and hence in huge
A
demand. The southern states of
in the export of tobacco.
Which of these statements is/are
correct ?
ideal temperature is 23-32° C with
an average of 28 degree c. Optimum
soil temperature for root growth is
Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu
are the major growing areas in India.
P
Kerala accounts for nearly 70% of
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans. (b) CSE 2003
26-28° C.
How was this topic asked in the CSE
the total production. India consumed
almost 95% of the spice production
H
Following are the characteristics and the remaining 5% is exported to
spices like Garlic, Mustard, Fennel,
Turmeric etc.
of an area in India:
(1) Hot and humid climate
countries including Saudi Arabia,
Japan etc.
Y
(2) Annual rainfall 200 cm Saffron- Kashmir is one of the
Black Pepper- It is one of the most (3) Hill slopes up to an altitude of biggest saffron producing area in
internationally traded spices. India is 1100 metres India. Sangla Valley in Himachal
one of the major countries exporting (4) Annual range of temperature Pradesh has the ideal agro-climatic
large volumes of international grade 15°C to 30°C conditions to grow saffron plants and
pepper to a number of countries. The Which one among the following thus is being explored as the next
Southern state of Kerala accounts crops are you most likely to find major Indian production centre for
for 90% of the total pepper in the area describe above? saffron.
production. Tamilnadu and (a) Mustard (b) Cotton
Karnataka are other major Indian (c) Pepper (d) Virginia tobacco Fruits- India is the second largest
production centres.Production Ans (c) CSE 2010 producer of Fruits after China, with
Centers in Kerala are Malabar a production of 4.04 million tonnes
and Tellicherry (Thalassery) Light: Black pepper is a day neutral of fruits from an area of 3.72 million
Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a plant. Black pepper vines exposed hectares. A large variety of fruits
flowering vine in the family to direct solar radiation develop are grown in India, of which mango,
Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, physiological disorders even under banana, citrus, guava, grape,
which is usually dried and used as a favourable soil moisture conditions. pineapple and apple are the major
spice and seasoning. Black pepper vines kept under shade ones. Apart from these, fruits like
(7% incident light) remain green and papaya, sapota, annona, phalsa,
Climatic Requirements: Black healthy whereas those exposed to jackfruit, ber, pomegranate in
pepper grows successfully between sunlight turn yellow and develop tropical and sub tropical group and
20° North and 20° South of equator necrotic patches during summer. peach, pear, almond, walnut,
3.
(B) Barren and un-culturable land
Other Uncultivated Land Excluding Fallow Land (A+B+C)
19.09 (6.30%)
G
(A) Permanent pasture and other grazing land 11.04 (3.60%)
(B) Land under misc. Tree Crops and Grooves not included in Net Area Sown 3.57 (1.20%)
(C) Culturable Waste Land 13.94 (4.60%) E
4. Fallow Lands (A+B)
(A) Fallow Land other than Current Fallow
(B) Current Fallows
9.89 (3.20%)
13.33 (4.40%) O
5. Net Area Sown (6-7) 142.82 (46.80%)
6.
7.
Total Cropped Area (Gross Cropped Area)
Area Sown more than once
189.54
46.72 G
8. Cropping Intensity 132.70
III Net Irrigated Area
IV Gross Irrigated Area
55.14
73.28 R
A
P
Pulses: Pulses occupy 13% of total cropped area while 90% area under it is rainfed.
YEAR
AREA
(M.HECTS)
PRODUCTION
(M.TONNES)
YIELD
(KGS/HECT)
% COVERAGE
UNDER
H
IRRIGATION(K gs/Hect)
G 4.
5
Bihar
Chhittisgarh
7437
4763
3625
984
48.74
20.66
6 Goa 141 23 16.31
E 7
8
Gujarat
Haryana
9443
3526
2979
2958
31.55
How was this topic asked in the CSE?
83.90 Q Consider the following
9 Himachal Pradesh 555 126 22.70
statements:
O 10
11
Jammu & Kashmir
Karnataka
748
10410
311
2643
41.58
Assertion (A): The percentage of
net sown area in the total area of
25.40 Andhra Pradesh is less as
G 12
13
14
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
2206
14664
17636
381
4135
2959
17.27 compared to that of West Bengal.
28.20 Reason (R): The soil of most of
16.78 the Andhra Pradesh is laterite.
R 15
16
Manipur
Meghalaya
140
230
65
54
46.43 In the context of above two
23.48 statements, which one of the
17 Mizoram 94 9 9.57 following is correct?
A 18
19
Nagaland
Orissa
300
5829
72
1933
24.00 (a) Both A and R are true and R is
33.16 the correct explanation of A
20 Punjab 4264 3602 84.47 (b) Both A and R are true but R is
P 21
22
Rajasthan
Sikkim
15865
95
4907
17
31.00 NOT the correct explanation of A
17.89
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
23 Tamil Nadu 5303 2888 54.50
H 24
25
Tripura
Uttar Pradesh
280
17612
37
12814
13.21
72.76
Ans. (c) CSE 2006
Y 26 West Bengal
Total States
5417
140971
2354
54616
43.45
38.74
Total Uts 130 66 50.77
Grand Total 141101 54682 38.75
A. Graphite
(Mining area)
1 . Bellary
List I
(Minerals)
List II
(Typical areas
of occurrence) Q. In which one of the following
P
B. Lead 2. Didwana districts, have large reserves of
C. Salt
D. Silver
3. Rampa
4. Zawar
A. Coal
B. Gold
C. Mica
1. Bhandara
2. Karanpura
3. Hutti
diamond-bearing kimberlite been
discovered in the recent past ? H
A B C D (a) Hoshangabad (b) Raipur
(a) 3
(b) 1
4
4
1
2
2
3
D. Manganese 4. Nellore
A B C D
(c) Sambalpur
Ans. (b)
(d) Warangal
CSE 2007 Y
(c) 3 1 4 2 (a) 1 3 2 4
(d) 2 3 1 4 (b) 2 3 4 1 Q. In which one of the following
(c) 3 4 2 1 States are Namchik - Namphuk
Ans: (b) CSE 1998
(d) 2 1 4 3 Coalfields located?
Ans. (b) CSE 1997 (a) Arunachal Pradesh
Q. Match List I (Ores) with List (b) Meghalaya
II (States where they are mined) (c) Manipur
and select the correct answer Q. Match List I (Minerals) with
(d) Mizoram
using the codes given below the List II (Location) and select the
Ans.(a) CSE 2008
lists : correct answer using the codes
List I List II given below the lists: Q. Which of the following minerals
A. Manganese 1. Madhya List I List II are found in a natural way in the
Pradesh A. Coal 1. Giridih State of Chhattisgarh?
B. Nickel 2. Odisha B. Copper 2. Jayamkondam l. Bauxite 2. Dolomite
C. Lead-zinc 3. Rajasthan C. Manganese 3. Alwar 3. Iron ore 4. Tin
D. Asbestos 4. Andhra D. Lignite 4. Dharwad Select the correct answer using the
Pradesh code given below:
A B C D A B C D (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 2 and 4 only
(a) 1 3 2 4 (a) 1 4 3 2 (b) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) 4 3 2 1 (b) 2 3 4 1 Ans. (d) CSE 2008
(c) 1 2 3 4 (c) 1 3 4 2
(d) 4 2 3 1 (d) 2 4 3 1
Ans: (c) CSE 1996 Ans.(c) CSE 2004
Energy is also derived from the Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd Most of India’s crude oil reserves
vast timber resources of the (Power Grid India) are located offshore, west of the
country. This forms the wood energy. country, and onshore in the northeast,
Power Generation in India although substantial newly-
Nuclear energy or atomic energy 1. Thermal - 80,902.45 MW discovered reserves are located
from radioactive materials has 2. Hydro - 30,935.63 MW offshore in the Bay of Bengal and
been developed into a vast industry 3. Wind - 3,811.01 MW
in itself. in Rajasthan state. India’s largest oil
4. Nuclear - 2,770.00 MW field is the offshore Mumbai High
Geothermal energy is an unlimited Total - 1,18,419.09 MW. field, located north-west of Mumbai
B. Raichur
Pradesh
2. Gujarat
eastern and south central parts of
the the country. The lignite reserves
stand at a level around 36 billion
2.Supply water for minor irrigation
projects
G
3. Provide street lighting
C. Mettur 3. Karnataka
D. Wanakbori 4. Tamil Nadu
A B C D
tonnes, of which 90 % occur in the
southern State of Tamil Nadu. 4. Electrify a cluster of villages and
small towns
E
Mettur Thermal Power Station (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct
(a) 4
(b) 1
(c) 4
2
3
3
1
4
1
3
2
2
has the responsibilities to generate
and transmit electricity for the whole
(b) 2 and 4 are correct
(c) 1 and 3 are correct
O
Tamil nadu. The most of the power (d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(d) 1
Ans.(b)
2 4 3
CSE 2005
Explanation: Wanakbori Power
produced are consumed by the
company near to it.
Ans.(a) CSE 1996
merely 0.4% compared to other
G
Station- This Power Station is
located near Dam on the bank of
Mahi River in Kheda District. It is
Nuclear Power Plants
Currently, seventeen nuclear power
energy resources.The amount of
solar energy produced in India in
2007 was less than 1% of the total
R
reactors produce 4,120.00 MW
a Coal Based Power Station.
There are seven units of 210 MW
each with a total installed capacity
(2.9% of total installed base).
The projects under construction are:
energy demand. The grid-interactive
solar power as of December 2010
was merely 10 MW. Government-
A
of 1470 MW.
(Odisha)
(Odisha)
(a) 3
A B
1
C
2
D
4
following is the most widely
accepted reason for this?
(a) Kerala has made the highest
Madhya Pradesh; Lakhri, Sawai-
H Madhopur, Chittorgarh in Rajasthan;
Ranavar, Sikka, Dwarka, Porbander
in Gujarat; Tirunelveli in Kerala;
(b) 1
(c) 3
(d) 1
3
1
3
4
4
2
2
2
4
investment in family planning
(b) Kerala has the highest literacy
rate in India
E
Ut tar a k h an d , M a n ip ur
Groups ?
declined from 36% in 1981-1991 to (a) Sikhs (b) Jains M eg h a la y a 5 .1
23.2% during 1991-2001.The (c) Christians (d) Buddhists Pu n ja b , Ra ja sth an 5 .2
Muslim growth rate has declined Ans. (c) CSE 2001
O
Ha r y an a 5 .3
from 32.9% during 1981-1991 to Bih a r,J h ar k h an d 5 .4
29.3% during 1991-2001 while for Q. Consider the following Jam m u an d K a sh m ir , U tta r
5 .7
Pr ad e sh
Christians it would increase from statements about the minorities in
17% to 22.1% during 1991-2001.
The population of Christians was
India :
1. The Government of India has
family. The Dravidian languages of
South India had a history
G
10.7 million in 1961 (2.4%), 19.6 notified five communities, namely, independent of Sanskrit. The major
million in 1991 (2.34%). Jain
population also has registered
Muslims, Sikhs, Christians,
Buddhists and Zoroastrians as
Dravidian languages are Telugu ,
Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada.
R
growth rate of 26.0% against very Minorities. The Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-
low growth rate of 4.6% during
1981-1991.
2. The National Commission for
Minorities was given statutory
status in 1993.
Burman languages of North-East
India also have long independent
A
histories. Khasi and Nicobarese
As per 2001 census the Parsi
population in the country is 69,601
with 33,949 males and 35,652
3. The smallest religious minority
in India are the Zoroastrians.
4. The Constitution of India
languages belongs to Monkhmer
branch of Austric languages.
P
recognizes and protects religious Ladakhi belongs to Sino-Tibetan
females as against their population
of 76,382 in 1991 census. There is
visible decline of Zoroastrian
and linguistic minorities.
Which of these statements are
family. H
correct ? Urbanization
population.
CHILD POPULATION
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
Urban agglomerations, with over
five million population are called
Y
Ans. (*) CSE 2001 Mega cities. These are six - Greater
The child population according to Explanation : All the statements are
2001 census stands at 15.9%.Muslim correct. Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai,
population records the highest Bangalore and Hyderabad. Delhi is
Q. The largest number of N.C.T. and remaining cities are state
proportion of population in the age- Buddhists is found in
group 0-6 at 18.7% followed by capitals.
(a) Bihar
Other Religions and Persuasions (b) Karnataka How was this topic asked in the CSE?
18%.The lowest proportion of (c) Maharashtra Q. As per the 1991 Census, the
population in this age-group is seen (d)Uttar Pradesh average size of households in terms
among the Jains at 10.6% preceded Ans. (c) CSE 2001 of number of persons per
by Sikhs at 12.8%. The other household in respect of the given
religious communities have returned Q. Which one of the following
states follows the sequence
lower proportion in this age-group statements is not correct?
(a) The largest Buddhist monastery (highest first, lowest last) :
compared to national average. (a) Haryana, Uttar Pradesh,
in India is in Assam
Number of persons in each house (b) The language Konyak is spoken Kerala, Tamil Nadu
in Nagaland (b) Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal,
This is a list of the States of India
(c) The largest river island in the Gujarat, Kerala
ranked in order of number of persons
world is in Assam (c) Gujarat, Haryana, Uttar
in each house.
(d) Sikkim is the least - populated Pradesh, West Bengal
Indian Languages State of the Indian Union (d) Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal,
Ans. (a) CSE 2004 Tamil Nadu, Kerala
The northern Indian languages Ans. (d) CSE 1996
evolved from the Indo-European
G 1C
1D
Domel - Kat ra
Srinagar - Karg il - Leh
Jammu & Kashmir (8)
Jammu & Kashmir (422)
8
422
E 2
Delhi - Mathura - Agra - Kanpur - Allahabad -
Varanasi –
Mohania - Barhi -Palsit - Dankuni
Delhi (12), Haryana (74), Uttar
Prades h(752), Bihar (202), Jharkhand (190), West Ben gal (235)
1465
O
2A Sikandra - Bhognipu r Uttar Pradesh (25) 25
Agra - Gwal ior - Shivpuri - Indore - Dhule - Uttar Pradesh (26), Rajasthan (32), Madhya
3 1161
Nasik - Than e - Mumbai Prades h (712), Maharashtra (391)
G 4
Junct ion with NH 3 near Thane - Pune -
Belgaum - Hubli - Dav angere -Bangalore -
Kolar - Chittoor - Ranipet - Chennai
Maharashtra (371), Karnataka (658), Andhra Pradesh (83), Tamil
Nadu (123)
1235
R 5
Junct ion with NH 6 near Baharagora - Cut tack -
Bhubaneswar - Visakhapatnam- Vij ayawada - Orissa (488), Andhra Pradesh (1000), Tamil Nadu (45) 1533
Guntur - Nellore - Chennai
A 5A
Junct ion with NH 5 near Hari daspur -
Paradip Port
Orissa(77) 77
H 7
Lakhnadon - Nagpur - Hyderabad -Kurnool -
Bangalore - Hosur - Krishnagiri - Dharmapuri -
Uttar Pradesh (128), Madhya
Prades h(504), Mah arasht ra (232), Andhra
Salem - Namakk al -Karur - Dindigul - M adurai - Prades h(753), Karnat aka (125), Tamil Nadu (627)
2369
Virudunagar - Tirunelveli - Kanyakumari ; It is
Y 8
the longest highway.
Delhi - Jaipur - Ajmer - Udaipur - Ahmedabad -
Vadodara - Surat - Mumbai
Delhi (13), Haryana (101), Rajasthan (688),Guj arat (498), Maharas
htra (128)
1428
12A Jabalpur - M andla - Chilpi - Simga near Rai pur - Madhya Pradesh (152), Chhatisgarh (128),Uttar Pradesh (55) 333
Jhansi
13 Solapur - Chitradurga - Shimoga - Mangalore Maharashtra (43), Karnataka (648) 691
14 Beawar - Sirohi - Radhanpur Rajasthan (310), Gujarat (140) 450
Pathankot - Amrit sar - Bhat inda - Gang anagar -
15 Punjab (350), Rajas than (906), Gujarat (270) 1526
Bikaner - Jaisal mer - Barmer -Samakhiali
Nizamabad - Man cherial - Bhopalpatnam -
16 Andhra Pradesh (220), Maharasht ra (30),Chattisgarh (210) 460
Jagdalpur
Panvel - Mahad - Panaji - Karwar - Udupi -
Suratkal - Mangalore - Cannanore -Kozhikode -
17 Ferokh - Pud u - Ponnani - Chavakkad - Junct ion Maharashtra (482), Goa (139), Karnataka(280), Kerala (368) 1269
with NH 47 n earEdapal ly
23
Chas - Bokaro - Ranchi - Rourkela - Talcher -
Junction with NH 42
Jharkhand (250), Orissa (209) 459 G
24 Delhi - Moradabad - Bareilly - Lucknow Delhi (7), Uttar Pradesh (431) 438
25 Lucknow - Kanpur - Jhansi - Shivpuri Uttar Pradesh (270), Madhya Pradesh (82) 352 E
26 Jhansi - Lakhnadon Uttar Pradesh (128), Madhya Pradesh (268 ) 396
27 Allahabad - Mangawan
Junction with NH 31 Near Barauni -
Uttar Pradesh (43), Madhya Pradesh (5 0) 93
O
28 Muzaffarpur - Pipra - Kothi - Gorakhpur - Bihar (259), Uttar Pradesh (311) 570
Lucknow
Junction with NH 2 near Barhi - Bakhtiarpur -
G
Mokameh - Purnea - Dalkhola -Siliguri - Sevok -
31
Cooch Behar- North Salmara - Nalbari -
Charali - AmingaonJunction with NH 37
Bihar (393), West Bengal (366), Assam(322),Jharkhand (44) 1125
R
31A Sevok - Gangtok West Bengal (30), Sikkim (62) 92
31C
Near Galgalia - Bagdogra - Chalsa - Nagrakata -
Goyerkata - Dalgaon -Hasimara - Rajabhat
West Bengal (142), Assam (93) 235
A
Khawa - Kochgaon - Sidili - Junction with NH
32
31 near Bijni
Junction with NH 2 near Gobindpur - Dhanbad -
Jharkhand (107), West Bengal (72) 179
P
Chas - Jamshedpur
36
39
Nowgong - Dimapur (Manipur Road) Assam (167), Nagaland (3)
Numaligarh - Imphal - Palel - Indo Burma Border Assam (115), Nagland (110), Manipur (211)
170
436
H
43
Raipur - Jagdalpur - Vizianagaram Junction
with NH 5 near Natavalasa
Chattisgarh (316), Orissa (152), Andhra Pradesh (83) 551 Y
44 Shillong - Passi - Badarpur - Agartala - Sabroom Meghalaya (184), Assam (111), Tripura(335) 630
44A Aizawl - Manu Mizoram (165), Tripura (65) 230
Villupuram - Pondicherry - Chidambaram -
45A Tamil Nadu (147), Pondicherry (43) 190
Nagapattinam
Salem - Erode - Coimbatore - Palghat - Trichur -
47 Ernakulam - Quilon -Trivandrum - Nagercoil - Tamil Nadu (224), Kerala (416) 640
Kanyakumari
49 Cochin - Madurai - Dhanushkodi Tamil Nadu (290), Kerala (150) 440
50 Nasik - Junction with NH 4 near Pune Maharashtra (192) 192
51 Paikan - Tura - Dalu Assam (22), Meghalaya (127) 149
52 Baihata - Saikhoaghat Assam (540), Arunachal Pradesh (310) 850
52A Banderdewa - Itanagar - Gohpur Assam (15), Arunachal Pradesh (42) 57
Junction with NH 44 near Badarpur - Jirighat -
53 Assam (100), Manipur (220) 320
Silchar - Imphal
54 Dabaka - Lumding - Silchar - Aizwal - Tuipang Assam (335), Mizoram (515) 850
Delhi - Ghaziabad - Meerut - Haridwar -
58 Uttar Pradesh (165), Uttarakhand (373) 538
Badrinath - Mana Pass
59 Ahmedabad - Godhra - Dhar - Indore Gujarat (211), Madhya Pradesh (139) 350
59A Indore - Betul Madhya Pradesh (264) 264
G 65
Ambala - Kaith al - Hissar - Fatehpur - Jodhpur -
Pali
Haryana (240), Rajast han (450) 690
E 66
69
Pondy - Tindivanam - Gingee -
Thiru vannamalai - Krishnagiri
Nagpur - Obedullaganj
Pondicherry (6), Tamil Nadu (208)
350
O 70
Jalandhar - Hoshiarpur - Hamirpur - Dharmapur -
Mandi
Himachal Pradesh (120), Punj ab (50) 170
71 Jalandhar - Moga - Sangrur - Rohtak - Bawal Punjab (130), Haryana (177 ) 307
G 71A Rohtak - Panipat
Ambala - Nahan - Paonta Sahib - Dehradu n -
Haryana (72) 72
72 Haryana (50), Himachal Pradesh (50), Uttar Prad esh (100) 200
R 72A
Haridwar
Chhutmalpur - Biharigarh - Dehradun Uttarakhand (15), Uttar Pradesh (30) 45
Roorkee - Saharanpur - Yamuna Nagar - Saha -
A 73
74
Panchkula
Haridwar - Nagina - Kashipur - Kichha -
Haryana (108), Uttar Pradesh (59),Uttarakhand (21)
300
Pilibhit - Bareilly
P 75
Gwalior - Jhansi - Chhatarpur - Rewa - Renukut -
Garhwa - Dalton ganj - Ranchi
Madhya Pradesh (600), Uttar Pradesh(110), Jharkhand (245) 955
H 76
Pindwara - Udaipur - Mangalwar - Kota -
Shivpuri - Jhansi - Banda - Allahabad
Madhya Pradesh (60), Uttar Pradesh (4 67),Rajasthan (480) 1007
Y 78
Katni - Shahdol - Ambikapur - Jashpurnagar -
Gumla
Madhya Pradesh (178), Chatti sgarh (356),Jharkhand (25) 559
219
Rajapalayam - Thirumangalam(Madurai)
Madanapall e - Ku ppam - Kri shnagi ri Andhra P radesh (128), Tam il Nadu (22) 150
E
Kollam - Kott arakkara - Adoor - Kottayam -
220 Pampad y - P onkunnam -Kanj irappalli -
Mundakayam - P eermade - Vandiperi yar -
Kumily - Theni
Kerala (210), Tam il Nadu (55) 265 O
221 Vijaywada - Bhadrachalam - Jagdalpur
Kalyan - Ahmednagar - Ti sgaon - Pathardi -
Andhra P radesh (155), Chhattis garh (174) 329
G
222 Kharwandi - Balam Yelam - Jategaon - Kambi - Maharashtra (550), Andhra Pradesh (60) 610
Maj algaon - Pathri - M anwat - P arbhani -
Nanded - Nirmal R
How was this topic asked in the CSE?
Q. The national highway from
Amritsar to Calcutta via Delhi is
Q. With reference to Indian
transport systems, consider the
Q. Which among the following
National Highway routes is the
A
numbered
(a) 1
(c) 4
(b) 2
(d) 8
following statements:
1. Indian railway system is the
largest in the world.
longest ?
(a) Agra - Mumbai
(b) Chennai - Thane
P
Ans. (b) CSE 1995
it has 24 spokes. The National Flag Use) Act, 1950 and the Prevention How was this topic asked in the CSE?
I was originally designed by Pingali
Venkayya- freedom fighter from
of Insults to National Honour Act,
1971 and any other law enacted on
Q. Consider the following
statements:
Andhra Pradesh. During the the subject. No one can be compelled to sing
T National conference of Indian
National congress at Kakinada, he
STATE EMBLEM the National Anthem since:
1. it will be violative of the Right
suggested that we should have a The state emblem is an adaptation to freedom of speech and
Y flag of our own. Gandhiji liked this
idea and said it would be good if he
from the Sarnath Lion Capital of
Ashoka. In the original, there are
expression
2. it will be violative of the Right
could come up with a design. Later four lions, standing back to back, to freedom of conscience and
he submitted the basic design mounted on an abacus with a frieze practise and propagation of
before Mahatma Gandhi, who carrying sculptures in high relief of religion
approved the same with minor an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull 3. there is no legal provision
modifications. The design of the and a lion separated by intervening obliging anyone to sing the
National Flag was adopted by the wheels over a bell-shaped lotus. National Anthem
Constituent Assembly of India on 22 Carved out of a single block of (a) 1 and 2 are correct
July 1947. polished sandstone, the Capital is (b) 2 and 3 are correct
crowned by the Wheel of the Law (c) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
How was this topic asked in the CSE? (Dharma Chakra). In the state (d) None is correct
Q. What is the number of spokes emblem, adopted by the Ans. (a) (CSE 1996)
in the Dharmachakra in the Government of India on 26 January Note: Silence can be included in
National Flag of India? 1950, only three lions are visible, the the ambit of freedom of speech
(a) 16 (b) 18 fourth being hidden from view. The and expression under Art. 19(1)
(c) 22 (d) 24 wheel appears in relief in the centre a. Option 3 is also correct
Ans: (d) (CSE 2008) of the abacus with a bull on right because there is no legal provision
and a horse on left and the outlines to oblige anyone to sing the
Apart from non-statutory of other wheels on extreme right National Anthem. 1 and 3 seems
instructions issued by the and left. The bell-shaped lotus has to be correct but no such
Government from time to time, been omitted. The words combination is given in the options.
display of the National Flag is Satyameva Jayate from Mundaka
governed by the provisions of the Upanishad, meaning ‘Truth Alone Session of the Indian National
Emblems and Names (Prevention Triumphs’, are inscribed below the Congress.
of Improper Use) Act, 1950 (No. abacus in Devanagari script. NATIONAL SONG
12 of 1950) and the Prevention of
Insults to National Honour Act, NATIONAL ANTHEM The National song Vande
1971 (No. 69 of 1971). The Flag Mataram, composed in sanskrit
The song Jana-gana-mana, by Bankimchandra Chatterji, has an
Code of India, 2002 is an attempt to composed originally in Bengali by equal status with Jana-gana-
bring together all such laws, Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted mana. Bankin Chandra composed
conventions, practices and in its Hindi version by the the song Vande Mataram in an
Y statements:
The government of India Act, 1935
provided for:
It abolished the office of viceroy and
provided, for each dominion, a
India was ended
3. The power to govern was
transferred from the East India
1. The provincial autonomy. How was this topic asked in the CSE? Company to the British Crown
2. The establishment of Federal Q. Consider the following 4. The Company’s directors were
court. statements: asked to present to the British
3. All India Federation at the 1. The Charter Act, 1853 government all correspondence
centre. abolished East India Company’s and documents pertaining to the
Which of the statements given monopoly of Indian trade. administration of the company
above are correct? 2.Under the Government of India Codes:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 Act, 1858 the British Parliament A B C D
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 abolished the East India Company (a) 2 4 3 1
Ans. (d) (CSE, 2005) altogether and undertook the (b) 1 3 4 2
responsibility of ruling India (c) 2 3 4 1
How was this topic asked in the CSE? directly. . (d) 1 4 3 2
Q. Which one of the following is Which of the statement(s) given Ans. (a) (CSE, 2002)
not a feature of the Government above is/are correct? Explanation: The Charter of
of India of 1935? (a) 1 Only (b) 2 Only 1813 ended the company’s trade
(a) Dyarchy at the Centre as well (c) Both I and 2 (d) Neither I nor 2 monopoly except tea and trade
as in the provinces Ans: (b). (2006, CSE) with China. The Regulating of
(b) A bicameral legislature 1773 asked the company’s
(c) Provincial autonomy Q. In which one of the following directors to present to the British
(d) An All-India Federation provinces was a Congress ministry government all correspondence
Ans. (a) (CSE, 2000) not formed under the Act of 1935? and documents pertaining to
Explanation: The Act of 1935 (a) Bihar (b) Madras administration of Company, Act
provided autonomy to the (c) Orissa (d) Punjab 1858 transferred the power to
provinces. The dyarchy at the Ans. (d) (CSE, 2005) govern from East India Company
centre as well as in the provinces Explanation: In Punjab, Sir to British Crown and Pitt’s India
was implemented by the Act of Sikander Hyat Khan of National Act to set up a board of control in
1919 not by 1935. unionist party formed the Britain to fully regulate the affairs
Government. Congress found of East India Company.
absolute majority in five provinces.
Alladi Krishna
from the Provinces and 70 from the
States.
existed from September 2, 1946 to
O August 15, 1947 with the purpose
of transitioning India from British
House Committee
swami Ayyar
B. Pattabhi
Sitaramayya
The Assembly included all important
personalities of India at that time,
with the exception of Mahatma
Raj to independence. The interim
L government was formed from the
newlyelected C onstituent
Order of Business
Committee
Ad hoc Committee on
K.M. Munsi
Rajendra Prasad
Gandhi and M. A. Jinnah.
The objective resolution was moved
Assembly of India. The Viceroy’s by Nehru on the 9th December
I executive council served as the
executive branch of the interim
the National Flag
Committee on the
Functions of the
G.V. Mavalankar
1946. On the advice of Dr. Jayakar
and Dr. Ambedkar the assembly
government. Although originally waited for 6 weeks, before passing
T headed by the Viceroy of India, it
was transformed into a council of
Constituent Assembly
States Committee
Advisory Committee
Jawaharlal Nehru
Vallabhbhai Patel
the resolution on 22nd January 1947,
for the Muslim League and the
ministers with the powers of a prime representatives of Indian States to
Y minister bestowed on the vice
president of the council, which was
on Fundamental Rights,
Minorities and Tribal
and Excluded Areas
join.
> The Constitutional Adviser to the
held by Jawaharlal Nehru. With the Minorities Sub-Committee H.C. Mookherjee Assembly Sir B.N. Rau prepared a
exception of the viceroy, who would Fundamental Rights J.B. Kripalani draft Constitution in October 1947.
hold only a ceremonial position, and Sub-Committee It contained 243 Articles and 13
the commander-in-chief of North-East Frontier Gopinath Schedules. A Drafting Committee
the British Indian Army, all members Tribal Areas Bardoloi was elected by the Constituent
would be Indians. and Assam Exluded & Assembly on 29th August 1947. It
Vallabhbhai Patel held the second- Partially Excluded Areas elected Dr. B. R. Ambedkar to be
most powerful position in the Sub-Committee its President. The Constitution as
council, heading the Department of Excluded and Partially A.V. Thakkar prepared by the Drafting Committee
Home Affairs, Department of Excluded was circulated on 21-2-1948. This
Information and Broadcasting. Sikh Areas (Other than those formed the basis of discussion in and
leader Baldev Singh was in Assam) Sub-Committee outside the Constituent Assembly.
responsible for the Department of Union Powers Committee Jawaharlal Nehru It contained 315 Articles and 8
D e f en c e a n d C R a j a g o p a l a Union Constitution Jawaharlal Nehru Schedules and was introduced on
chari was named to head Committee November 4, 1948 by Dr.
the Department of Education. Asaf Drafting Committee B.R. Ambedkar Ambedkar. The total number of
Ali, headed the Department of amendments to the Draft
Railways and Transport. Jagjivan Labour. Rajendra Prasad headed Constitution tabled was 7,635. 2,473
the Department of Food and amendments were actually moved
Ram headed the Department of
Agriculture and John Mathai in the Assembly.
headed the Department of
How was this topic asked in the CSE? Out of 299 members 284 appended
Industries and Supplies.
Q. In the interim government their signatures to the Constitution
formed in 1946, the Vice-President Upon the Muslim League joining the as finally adopted on 26th
of the Executive Council was: interim government, the second November, 1949.
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru highest-ranking League
politician Liaquat Ali Khan became When the Constituent Assembly
(b) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
the head of the Department of first met on December 9, 1946, J.B.
(c) C. Rajagopalachari
Finance. Abdur Rab Nishtar headed Kripalani, the then Congress
(d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
the Departments of Posts and Air President, proposed the name of Dr
Ans. (a) (CSE, 1995)
Sachhidanand Sinha, the oldest
8 FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
4. To strive towards excellence in
all spheres of individual and
T
collective activity.
Article 51 ‘A’ contained in Part IV heritage of our composite culture;
Select the correct answer using the
codes given below:
Y
A (Ins. by the Constitution (Forty- (a) 1 and 2 only
(g) to protect and improve the
second Amendment) Act, 1976) of (b) 2 only
natural environment including
the Constitution deals with (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
forests, lakes, rivers and wild life,
Fundamental Duties. According to (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
and to
Article 51A. It shall be the duty of Ans (c) CSE 2012
every citizen of India: have compassion for living
creatures; constantly rises to higher levels of
(a) to abide by the Constitution and endeavour and achievement;
respect its ideals and institutions, the (h) to develop the scientific temper,
National Flag and the National humanism and the spirit of inquiry (k) who is a parent or guardian to
Anthem; and reform; provide opportunities for education
to his child or, as the case may be,
(b) to cherish and follow the noble (i) to safeguard public property and ward between the age of six and
ideals which inspired our national to abjure violence; fourteen years. (Ins. by the
struggle for freedom; (j) to strive towards excellence in Constitution (Eighty-sixth
(c) to uphold and protect the all spheres of individual and Amendment) Act, 2002)
sovereignty, unity and integrity of collective activity so that the nation
India;
(d) to defend the country and render DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF
national service when called upon 9 STATE POLICY
to do so;
(e) to promote harmony and the Part IV of the Indian Constitution justiciable, as they cannot be legally
spirit of common brotherhood lists certain Directive Principles enforced. Fundamental Rights are
amongst all the people of India from Articles 36 to 51, with the aim justiciable, as they can be enforced
transcending religious, linguistic and of ensuring a just and equitable by the courts.
regional or sectional diversities; to socio-economic order (to establish
In the words of Dr. Ambedkar, “The
renounce practices derogatory to the social and economic
directive principles are like
the dignity of women; democracy).
instruments of instructions which
(f) to value and preserve the rich Directive Principles are non- were issued to the Governor in
which one of the following is the 38. Ministry of Science and South Block, Raisina Hill,
O Department of Atomic Energy?
(a) Prime Minister’s Office
Technology
(i) Department of Science and
New Delhi,
India-110 101.
(b) Cabinet Secretariat
L (c) Ministry of Power
(d)Ministry of Science and
Technology: Scientific Services
functioning under this department:
Survey of India and National Atlas
The PMO provides secretarial
assistance to the Prime Minister. It
is headed by the Principal Secretary
Technology
I Ans. (a) (CSE, 2009)
Q. Under which one of the
and Thematic Mapping Organi-
sation (NATMO)
to Prime Minister. The PMO
includes the anti-corruption unit and
the public wing dealing with
(ii) Department of Scientific and
T Ministries of the Government of
India does the Food and Nutrition
Board work?
Industrial Research
(iii) Department of Bio-Technology
grievances.
The subject-matter of files required
(a) Ministry of Agriculture to be submitted to the Prime
Y (b) Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare
39. Ministry of Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises
Minister depends on whether he is
holding direct charge of the Ministry
(c) Ministry of Human Resource 40. Ministry of Social Justice and or whether there is a Cabinet
Development Empowerment Minister or Minister of State
(d) Ministry of Rural Development 41. Ministry of Statistics and (Independent Charge) in charge of
Ans. None (CSE 2005) Programme Implementation the Ministry.
Explanation: The Food & Nutrition In the case of the latter, most
Board (FNB), set up in 1964, is 42. Ministry of Steel
matters are dealt with by the
an attached office of the Ministry 43. Ministry of Textiles Cabinet Minister / Minister of State-
of Women & Child Development 44. Ministry of Tourism in-charge. Only important policy
and has a countrywide set up.
Originally with Ministry of Food, 45. Ministry of Tribal Affairs issues, which the Minister
the FNB was shifted to Ministry concerned feels should be submitted
46. Ministry of Urban Development to the Prime Minister for orders or
of Women and Child Development
(then Department of WCD) in 47. Ministry of Water Resources information, are received in the
1993. 48. Ministry of Woman and Child PMO.
Q. The Archaeological Survey of Development In cases where the Prime Minister
India is an attached office of the 49. Ministry of Youth is the Minister-in-charge, all matters
Department/Ministry of: requiring Ministerial approval not
Affairs and Sports delegated to the Minister of State /
(a) Culture
(b) Tourism 50. Prime Minister’s Office Deputy Minister, if any, are
(c) Science and Technology (i) Department of Atomic Energy submitted for orders. The Prime
(d) Human Resource Minister has traditionally been the
Development (ii) Department of Space Minister-in-charge of the
Ans. (a) (CSE, 2004) (iii) Cabinet Secretariat Departments of Space, Atomic
Q. Survey of India is under the SOME IMPORTANT Energy, and Ministry of Personnel,
Ministry of: MINISTRIES Public Grievances and Pensions.
(a) Defence Since the Prime Minister is
(b) Environment and Forests PMO
Chairman of the Planning
(c) Home Affairs The Prime Minister of India is Commission, relevant files are
(d) Science and Technology the Head of the Union (Federal) forwarded to the PMO for his
Ans. (d) (CSE, 2003) Government, as distinct from the comments and clearance.
L 15 ATTORNEY GENERAL OF INDIA How was this topic asked in the CSE?
Q. Consider the following
statements:
Attorney General is the highest legal
I officer of the union government and
renders legal assistance to it.
How was this topic asked in the CSE?
Q. Consider the following
Attorney General of India can
1. take part in the proceedings of
the Lok Sabha
Attorney General is appointed by statements about the Attorney
T the President and holds office during
his pleasure. Qualifications
General of India:
(a) He is appointed by the
2. be a member of a committee of
the Lok Sabha
3. speak in the Lok Sabha
prescribed for Attorney General is President of India
Y the same as that of a judge of the
Supreme Court. The Attorney
(b) He must have the same
qualifications as are required for
4. vote in the Lok Sabha
Which of the statements given
above is/are correct?
General is entitled to audience in all a judge of the Supreme Court
(c) He must be a member of either (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 4
courts in the country and can take
House of Parliament (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3 only
part in the proceedings of
(d) He can be removed by Ans: c (CSE 2013)
Parliament and its committees.
impeachment by Parliament Expl: He has the right to speak
However, he is not given the right
Which of these statements are and to take part in the proceedings
to vote. Attorney General is the
correct? of both the Houses of Parliament
chief legal adviser of the
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3 or their joint sittings and in any
Government of India and gives
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 3 and 4 committee of the Parliament of
advice on all such legal matters
Ans. (a) (CSE, 2000) which he may be named a
which may be referred or assigned
member, but without the right to
to him by the President.
vote.
The Bill seeks to amend the article These bills sought to amend the
O Offices of Chairpersons in
Municipality shall be reserved for
SC/STs and women in a manner to
243D to enhance the quantum of
reservation for women from one-
Constitution to include Gorkha Hill
Council, Darjeeling in the Sixth
Schedule
third to one-half of the total seats in
L be prescribed the state legislatures.
The reservation of SC/STs shall be
the Panchayats. Similar reservation
shall be provided among the total
What is Sixth Schedule? Sixth
Schedule Articles 244 and 275
in proportion to the population of SC/ number of offices of Chairpersons. provides for the creation of
I STs in the state.
111th Amendment Bill:
Current Status:
autonomous District Councils in
certain tribal areas of the North-
The bill is pending . The Bill was Eastern states viz.
T The Constitution (One Hundred and
Eleventh Amendment) Bill, 2009
was introduced in the Lok Sabha on
referred to the Department related
Standing Committee on Rural
Assam,meghalaya,tripura,mizoram.
The Bill sought to form a District
Development (Chairperson: Smt Council for the hill areas of
Y November 30, 2009 by Sh. Sharad
Pawar , Minister of Agriculture,
Consumer Affairs and Public
Sumitra Mahajan), which has to
submit its report.
Darjeeling in West Bengal called the
Gorkha Hill Council, Darjeeling
(GHC). All District Councils have
Distribution System. 109th Amendment Bill:
the power to make laws on a range
Background:The Bill adds a new Passed -95th Amendment Act 2009 of subjects such as the allotment of
Directive Principles of State Policy land, use of water course, and
108th Amendment Bill:
stating that the “State shall inheritance of property. The GHC
endeavour to promote voluntary Constitution (108th Amendment) has the power to make laws on 45
formation, autonomous functioning, Bill or Women’s Reservation Bill additional subjects such as
democratic control and professional has been the most highlighted agriculture, education and transport.
management of co-operative amendment bills of recent times.
societies.” The Constitution (One Hundred
This bill was introduced in Rajya
and Sixth) Amendment Bill,2006
It further inserts a new part IX B in Sabha on May 6, 2008 and passed
proposes to insert a new part IX B
the Constitution (adding Articles in Rajya Sabha on March 9, 2010.
in the Constitutionwhich provides
243ZH through 243ZT), which Background: Constitution (108th for incorporation, regulation and
outlines certain guidelines for Amendment) Bill 2008 seeks to winding up of co-operative
running co-operative societies. reserve one-third of all seats for Societies.Lapsed
110th Amendment Bill: women in Lok Sabha and the state
The Constitution (One Hundred
legislative assemblies. The allocation
The Constitution (One Hundred and and Fifth) Amendment Bill,
of the reserve seats to be
Tenth Amendment) Bill, 2009 was Seeks to provide for tribal ministers
determined by an authority or as
introduced in the Lok Sabha on in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and
prescribed by the parliament. Seats
November 26, 2009 by the Minister Madhya Pradesh, while excluding
may be allotted by rotation.
of Panchayati Raj, Shri C.P. Joshi. Bihar from the mandatory provision.
The bill also seeks to reserve one-
Background: Article 243D of the The Constitution (One Hundred
third of SC & ST seats for women
Constitution provides that a and Fourth) Amendment Bill,
of those classes.
minimum of one-third of the total Providing reservation for the socially
number of seats filled by direct The bill further says that the and educationally backward classes,
elections in the Panchayats shall be reservation shall cease to exist in 15 besides the Scheduled Castes and
reserved for women. The seats may years from the commencement of the Scheduled Tribes, in private
be allotted by rotation to different the act. unaided educational institutions.
constituencies in a Panchayat. Passed
T (Oaths or affirmations)
1. Secrecy of information
2. Faithful Discharge of duties
Judges of Supreme Court -
Upholding the Constitution and the
law.
direction and conduct of all elections
to Parliament and the State
Legislatures and of elections to the
P 31 ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNALS
democratic units of self-
government,
Parliament enacted the Constitution
O Central Administrative
Tribunal: Article 323-A of the
Constitution empowers Central
How was this topic asked in the CSE?
Q. Consider the following
(74th Amendment) Act, 1992
(known as Nagarpalika Act) relating
statements: to municipalities in 1992. The Act
L Government to set-up by an Act of
Parliament, Administrative Tribunals
for adjudication of disputes and
1. Central Administrative Tribunal
(CAT) was set up during the Prime
received the assent of the President
on 20 April 1993. The Government
Ministership of Lal Bahadur of India notified 1 June 1993 as the
I complaints with respect to
recruitment and conditions of
service of persons appointed to the
Shastri.
2. The Members of CAT are
date from which the said Act came
into force. A new part IX-A relating
drawn from both judicial and to the Municipalities has been
T public service and posts in
connection with the affairs of the
Union and the States.
administrative streams.
Which of the statements given
incorporated in the Constitution to
provide for among other things,
above is/ are correct? constitution of three types of
Y Central Administrative Tribunal was
set up in 1985 during Rajiv Gandhi’s
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Municipalities, i.e., Nagar
Panchayats for areas in transition
tenure. Today, it has 17 regular Ans. (b) (CSE 2009)
benches, 15 of which operate at the How was this topic asked in the CSE?
to the service matters of the litigants
principal seats of High Courts and Q. In India, the first Municipal
covered by the Act. The procedural
the remaining two at Jaipur and Corporation was set up in which
simplicity of the Act can be
Lucknow. These Benches also hold one among the following?
appreciated from the fact that the
circuit sittings at other seats of High (a) Calcutta (b) Madras
aggrieved person can also appear
Courts. (c) Bombay (d) Delhi
before it personally. The
The tribunal consists of a Chairman, Government can present its case Ans. (b) (CSE 2009)
Vice-Chairman and Members. The through its departmental officers or from a rural area to urban area,
Members are drawn, both from legal practitioners. Thus, the Municipal Councils for smaller
judicial as well as administrative objective of the Tribunal is to provide urban areas and Municipal
streams so as to give the Tribunal for speedy and inexpensive justice Corporation for large urban areas,
the benefit of expertise both in legal to the litigants. The appeals against fixed duration of municipalities,
and administrative spheres. the orders of an Administrative appointment of state election
Tribunal shall lie before the Division commission, appointment of state
The Administrative Tribunals
Bench of the High Court concerned. finance commission and constitution
exercise jurisdiction only in relation
of metropolitan and district planning
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS committees.
32
Panchayati Raj
MUNICIPALITIES detailed provisions for ensuring In 1956, the National Development
protection of democracy in council appointed a committee
Municipal bodies have a long history Parliament and in the state
in India. The first such Municipal under the chairmanship of
legislatures. Balwantrai G. Mehta to suggest
Corporation was set-up in the
former Presidency Town of However, Constitution did not make measures for the better working of
Madras in 1688; and was followed the local self-government in urban the Community Development
by similar corporations in the then areas a clear-cut constitutional Programme and the National
Bombay and Calcutta in 1726. The obligation. There is no specific Extension Service. The committee
Constitution of India has made reference to Municipalities except submitted its report in 1957 and its
Y to an urban area;
(b) a Municipal Council for a smaller
comprise wholly or partly the
Municipal area;
provision for the constitution of
committees in addition to the wards
committees. (Art. 243 S)
urban area; and (c) a Municipal (iii) the members of the Council of
corporation for a larger urban area, States and the members of the Reservation of seats
Legislative council of the state
Provided that a Municipality under (1) Seats shall be reserved for the
registered as electors within the
this clause may not be constituted Scheduled Castes and the
Municipal area;
in such urban area or part thereof Scheduled Tribes in every
as the Governor may, haying regard (iv) the chairpersons of the municipality and the number of
to the size of the area and the committees constituted under clause seats so reserved shall bear, as
municipal services being provided or (5) of article 243 S : nearly as may be, the same
proposed to be provided by an proportion to the total number of
Provided that the persons referred
industrial establishment in that area seats to be filled by direct election
to in paragraph (i) shall not have the
and such other factors as he may in that municipality as the population
right to vote in the meeting of the
deem fit, by public notification, of the Scheduled Castes in the
Municipality;
specify to be an industrial township. Municipal area or of the Scheduled
(b) the manner of election of the Tribes in the Municipal area bears
(2) In this article, ‘a transitional area’
chairperson of a Municipality. to the total population of that area
‘a smaller urban area’ or ‘a larger
(Article 243 R) Constitution and and such seats may be allotted by
urban area’ means such area as the
composition of wards rotation to different constituencies
Governor may, having regard to the
committees etc. in a Municipality.
population of the area, the density
of the population therein, the (1) There shall be constituted Ward (2) Not less than one-third of the
revenue generated for local Committees, consisting of one or total number of seats reserved
administration, the percentage of more wards, within the territorial under clause (1) shall be reserved
employment in non-agricultural area of a municipality having a for women belonging to the
activities, the economic importance population of three lakh or more. Scheduled Castes, or as the case
or such other factors as he may (2) The Legislature of a State may, may be, the Scheduled Tribes.
deem fit, specify by public by law make provision with respect (3) Not less one-third (including the
notification for the purpose of this to - number of seats reserved for
part. (Article 243 Q)
(a) the composition and the women belonging to the Scheduled
territorial area of a ward committee; Castes and the Scheduled Tribes)
P Members of
Commission
the Planning Deputy Chairmen and Deputy
Speakers of State
Officers of the rank of full General
or equivalent rank
Secretaries to the Government of
O Ministers of State of the Union (and
any other Minister in the Ministry
of pefence for defence matters)
Legislatures within their respective
States
India (including officers holding this
office ex-officio) Secretary,
Ministers of State in States within Minorities Commission
L 11. Attorney General of India
Cabinet Secretary
their respective States
Ministers of Union Territories and
Secretary, Scheduled Castes
Commission Secretary, Scheduled
Lieutenant Governors within their Executive Councilors, Delhi, within Tribes Commission Secretary to the
I respective Union Territories
12. Chiefs of Staff holding the rank
their respective Union Territories
Speakers of Legislative Assemblies
President
Secretary to the Prime Minister
Concurrent List
Y 20. Economic and social planning
20A. Population control and family
38. Electricity
39. Newspapers, books and printing
(c) Post Office Savings:
Union List Bank
planning (d) Public Health: State List
presses
21. Commercial and industrial Ans (b) (CSE 2004)
monopolies, combines and trusts 40. Archaeological sites and remains
Q. Which one of the following
other than those of national
22. Trade unions; industrial and subjects is under the Union List in
importance
labour disputes the Seventh Schedule of the
41. Evacuee property (including Constitution of India?
23. Social security and social agricultural land) (a) Regulation of labour
insurance; employment and (b) Agriculture and safety in mines
unemployment 42. Acquisition and requisitioning of
and oil fields
property
24. Welfare of labour including (c) Fisheries
conditions of work, provident funds, 43. Recovery in a state of claims in (d) Public health
employers’ liability, workmen’s respect of taxes and other public Ans. (a) (CSE 2006)
compensation, invalidity and old age demands
pensions and maternity benefits
25. Education, including technical THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
education, medical education and 41
universities IMPORTANT ARTICLES
26. Legal, medical and other The original Constitution contained 1. Name and territory of the Union
professions as many as 395 articles and 8
2. Admission or establishment of
27. Relief and rehabilitation of schedules (to which additions were
new States
persons made by subsequent amendments)
Even after the repeal of several 3. Formation of new States and
28. Charitable institutions, religious
provisions it still (in 2008) contains alteration of areas, boundaries or
endowments and religious
444 articles and 12 schedules. names of existing States
institutions
PREAMBLE PART II: CITIZENSHIP
29. Infectious or contagious
diseases or pests affecting men, PART I: THE UNION AND 5. Citizenship at the commence-
animals or plants ITS TERRITORY ment of the Constitution
19. Protection of certain rights 38. State to secure a social order 55. Manner of election of President
regarding freedom of speech, etc. for the promotion of welfare of the 56. Term of office of President
people
20. Protection in respect of 57. Eligibility for re-election
conviction for offences 39. Certain principles of policy to
be followed by the State 58. Qualifications for election as
21. Protection of life and personal President
liberty 39A. Equal justice and free legal
aid 59. Conditions of President’s office
21A. Right to education
40. Organisation of village 60. Oath or affirmation by the
22. Protection against arrest and panchayats President
detention in certain cases
41. Right to work, to education and 61. Procedure for impeachment of
Right against Exploitation to public assistance in certain cases the President
23. Prohibition of traffic in human 42. Provision for just and humane 62. Time of holding election to fill
beings and forced labour conditions of work and maternity vacancy in the office of President
24. Prohibition of employment of relief and the term of office of person
children in factories, etc. elected to fill casual vacancy
43. Living wage, etc., for workers
63. The Vice-President of India
Right to Freedom of Religion 43A. Participation of workers in
management of industries 64. The Vice-President to be ex
25. Freedom of conscience and free officio Chairman of the Council of
profession, practice and propagation 44. Uniform civil code for the
of religion citizens 65. The Vice-President to act as
77. Conduct of business of the resolution for his removal from 117. Special provisions as to
Government of India office is under consideration financial Bills
78. Duties of Prime Minister as 97. Salaries and allowances of the Procedure Generally
respects the furnishing of Chairman and Deputy Chairman
118. Rules of procedure
information to the President, etc. and the Speaker and Deputy
Speaker 119. Regulation by law of
79. Constitution of Parliament procedure in Parliament in relation
98. Secretariat of Parliament
80. Composition of the Council of to financial business
States 99. Oath or affirmation by members
120. Language to be used in
81. Composition of the House of the 100. Voting in Houses, power of Parliament
People Houses to act not withstanding
121. Restriction on discussion in
vacancies and quorum
82. Readjustment after each census Parliament
101. Vacation of seats
83. Duration of Houses of 122. Courts not to inquire into
Parliament 102. Disqualifications for proceedings of Parliament
membership
84. Qualification for membership of 123. Power of President to
Parliament 103. Decision on questions as to promulgate Ordinances during
disqualifications of members recess of Parliament
85. Sessions of Parliament,
prorogation and dissolution 104. Penalty for sitting and voting 124. Establishment and constitution
before making oath or affirmation of Supreme Court
86. Right of President to address under article 99 or when not qualified
and send messages to Houses 125. Salaries, etc., of Judges
or when disqualified
87. Special address by the President 126. Appointment of acting Chief
Powers, Privileges and Immunities
Justice
of Parliament and its Members
131. Original jurisdiction of the 151. Audit reports 172. Duration of State Legislatures
Supreme Court
132. Appellate jurisdiction of
PART VI: THE STATES
153. Governors of States
173. Qualification for membership
of the State Legislature P
Supreme Court in appeals from
High Courts in certain cases
133. Appellate jurisdiction of
154. Executive power of State
155. Appointment of Governor
174. Sessions of the State
Legislature, prorogation and
dissolution
O
Supreme Court in appeals from
High Courts in regard to Civil
matters
156. Term of office of Governor
157. Qualifications for appointment
175. Right of Governor to address
and send messages to the House or L
as Governor Houses
134. Appellate jurisdiction of
Supreme Court in regard to criminal
158. Conditions of Governor ’s
office
176. Special address by the
Governor
I
matters
134A. Certificate for appeal to the
Supreme Court
159. Oath or affirmation by the
Governor
177. Rights of Ministers and
Advocate-General as respects the
Houses
T
135. Jurisdiction and powers of the
Federal Court under existing law to
160. Discharge of the functions of
the Governor in certain
contingencies
Officers of the State Legislature
178. The Speaker and Deputy
Y
be exercisable by the Supreme
Court 161. Power of Governor to grant Speaker of the Legislative
pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit Assembly
136. Special leave to appeal by the
Supreme Court or commute sentences in certain 179. Vacation and resignation of,
cases and removal from, the offices of
137. Review of judgments or orders Speaker and Deputy Speaker
by the Supreme Court 162. Extent of executive power of
State 180. Power of the Deputy Speaker
138. Enlargement of the jurisdiction or other person to perform the duties
of the Supreme Court Council of Ministers
of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
139. Conferment on the Supreme 163. Council of Ministers to aid and
advise Governor 181. The Speaker or the Deputy
Court of powers to issue certain Speaker not to preside while a
writs 164. Other provisions as to resolution for his removal from
139A. Transfer of certain cases Ministers office is under consideration
140. Ancillary powers of Supreme The Advocate-General for the State 182. The Chairman and Deputy
Court 165. Advocate-General for the Chairman of the Legislative Council
141. Law declared by Supreme State 183. Vacation and resignation of,
Court to be binding on all courts Conduct of Government Business and removal from, the offices of
Chairman and Deputy Chairman
142. Enforcement of decrees and 166. Conduct of business of the
orders of Supreme Court and orders Government of a State 184. Power of the Deputy
as to discovery, etc. Chairman or other person to
167. Duties of Chief Minister as perform the duties of the office of,
143. Power of President to consult respects the furnishing of or to act as, Chairman
Supreme Court information to Governor, etc.
185. The Chairman or the Deputy
144. Civil and judicial authorities to THE STATE LEGISLATURE Chairman not to preside while a
act in aid of the Supreme Court resolution for his removal from
168. Constitution of Legislatures in
146. Officers and servants and the States office is under consideration
expenses of the Supreme Court
P members
189. Voting in Houses, power of
208. Rules of procedure
209. Regulation by law of
228. Transfer of certain cases to
High Court
Houses to act notwithstanding
O vacancies and quorum
Disqualifications of Members
procedure in the Legislature of the
State in relation to financial business
229. Officers and servants and the
expenses of High Courts
210. Language to be used in the 230. Extension of jurisdiction of
L 190. Vacation of seats
191. Disqualifications for
Legislature
211. Restriction on discussion in the
High Courts to Union territories
231. Establishment of a common
membership Legislature High Court for two or more States
I 192. Decision on questions as to
disqualifications of members
212. Courts not to inquire into
proceedings of the Legislature
SUBORDINATE COURTS
233. Appointment of district judges
T 193. Penalty for sitting and voting
before making oath or affirmation
LEGISLATIVE POWER OF
THE GOVERNOR
233A. Validation of appointments
of, and judgments, etc., delivered by,
under article 188 or when not
Y qualified or when disqualified
Powers, Privileges and Immunities
213. Power of Governor to
promulgate Ordinances during
recess of Legislature.
certain district judges
234. Recruitment of persons other
than district judges to the judicial
of State Legislatures and their
THE HIGH COURTS IN THE service
Members
STATES
235. Control over subordinate
194. Powers, privileges, etc., of the
214. High Courts for States courts
Houses of Legislatures and of the
members and committees thereof 215. High Courts to be courts of 236. Interpretation
record
195. Salaries and allowances of 237. Application of the provisions
members 216. Constitution of High Courts of this Chapter to certain class or
classes of magistrates
Legislative Procedure 217. Appointment and conditions of
the office of a Judge of a High Court PART VII: THE STATES IN
196. Provisions as to introduction
PART B OF THE FIRST
and passing of Bills 218. Application of certain
SCHEDULE
provisions relating to Supreme
197. Restriction on powers of
Court to High Courts PART VIII: THE UNION
Legislative Council as to Bills other
TERRITORIES
than Money Bills 219. Oath or affirmation by Judges
of High Courts 239. Administration of Union
198. Special procedure in respect
territories
of Money Bills 220. Restriction on practice after
being a permanent Judge 239A. Creation of local
199. Definition of “Money Bills”
Legislatures or Council of Ministers
221. Salaries, etc., of Judges
200. Assent to Bills or both for certain Union territories
222. Transfer of a Judge from one
201. Bills reserved for consideration 239AA. Special provisions with
High Court to another
respect to Delhi
Procedure in Financial Matters
223. Appointment of acting Chief
239AB. Provision in case of failure
202. Annual financial statement Justice
of constitutional machinery
203. Procedure in Legislature with 224. Appointment of additional and
239B. Power of administrator to
respect to estimates acting Judges
promulgate Ordinances during
204. Appropriation Bills 224A. Appointment of retired recess of Legislature
P •
•
Annapurna Scheme
Antyodaya Scheme
extendable term five years.
RIGHT TO HEALTH
- Maternal and child, reproductive
health
- Participation of population in health
O •
•
National Family Benefit Scheme
PDS for BPL and APL families
Right to health is a fundamental part
of our human rights and of our
understanding of a life in dignity. The
related decision making at national
and community levels.
L • As a party to international
covenant on Economic, Social,
Cultural Rights and Convention on
right to the enjoyment of the highest
attainable standard of physical and
mental health, to give its full name,
(d) Health services to be provided
to all without discrimination.
(e) All services, goods and facilities
I Rights of child, India has committed
itself to honoring the right to
adequate food.
is not new.
Internationally, it was just articulated
must be available accessible,
acceptable and of good quality.
in 1946 constitution of WHO whose Some International human
T The draft Food Security Bill has
been released by the government
preamble defines health as a state
of complete physical, mental and
rights treaties recognizing right
to health are:
recently. Major’ provisions of the bill social well being and not merely the
Y are :-
Part-I: Food entitlements and
absence of disease or infirmity.
The UDHR has also mentioned
(i) 1965 - International· Convention
on Elimination of all form of Racial
Operational framework health as a part of right to an Discrimination under Article 5 (e)
adequate standard of living. (iv).
35 kg per household per month
grain of rice/wheat/millet at Rs.3/ Health was recognized as a human (ii) 1966 - International covenant on
2/1 per kg for priority groups right in 1966 in international Economic, Social and Cultural
20 kg at (at most) half of MSP covenant on Economic, Social and Rights.
for general group Universalisation Cultural Rights. (iii) 1979- Convention on Elimination
of ICDS as per Supreme Court Key aspects of right to health of all forms of discrimination against
Order recently are: women.
Nutrition take home rations for (a) Right to health is an inclusive (iv) 1989 - Convention of Rights of
children under three and pregnant Child.
right including
and lactating women
- Safe drinking water, safe food, (v) 1990 - International Convention
Cooked midday meals up to on Protection of Rights of all
class 8th in government and nutrition
Migrant
government aided schools - Adequate housing and sanitation
Workers and Members of their
Daily free cooked meals for - Health related education and families.
destitute persons information
(vi) 2006 - Convention on
Portable entitlements for - Gender Equality Rights of persons with disabilities.
migrants
(b) Right to Health contains (vii) Declaration of Alma-Aka
Part-2: Grievance Redressal freedoms like 1978 affirms to the crucial role of
Swift fines for violation of Act - Right to be free from non primary health
Duty to fine when irregularities consensual medical treatment care and addresses the man health
are found - Forced sterilization problems in community, providing
Compensation in case of any promoting preventive, curative and
- Free from torture or punishment rehabilitative services.
loss of entitlements
(c) Right to Health contains
At district level, there will be a
I materials.
• Strengthening of Mineral
• Per capita availability of power
and electricity to be increased to
Policy advocates setting up of coal
washeries to ensure environmental
protection by use of coal in thermal
Processing Labs of Indian Bureau over 1000 units by 2012.
T of Mines for· development of
processes for benefication and • Minimum lifeline consumption of
1 unit/household/day as a merit good
electricity.
RURAL
mineral and elemental analysis of ELECTRIFICATION
Y ores.
• Important conservation measure
by 2012.
Protection of consumer interests.
POLICY
advocated is recycling of metallic Rural Electrification (RE) is viewed
The Central Electricity Authority will as a key for accelerating rural
scrap. prepare a short term perspective development. The Central
• Strengthening of indigenous plan of five years while giving 15 Government in 2005 launched Rajiv
industry for manufacture of mining years of perspective timeline which Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana
equipment and machinery is shall include (RGGVY) with a goal to electrify
envisaged. - Short term and long term demand all unelectrified villages and hamlets
• To improve competitive edge of forecast for different regions. by providing access to electricity to
national mining industry, emphasis all households in next five years.
- Capacity additions in generation
should be on mechanisation, and transmission keeping in view The policy aims at:
computerisation and automisation. economic viability. - Provision of access to electricity
• Policy accords priority to - Fuel choices based on economy, to all households by 2009.
induction of foreign technology and energy security and environmental
foreign participation in exploration - Quality and Reliable power supply
considerations. at reasonable rates.
and mining of high value minerals.
The policy envisages a Rural - Minimum lifeline consumption of
• Efforts should be made to Electrification Distribution
promote collection of small deposits one unit per household per day as a
Backbone with at least 33/11 KV good by 2012.
which are scattered all over the sub-station in every block to
country and preference should be distribute power in every village The policy aims to achieve the goals
given to Scheduled Tribes in settlement. by providing grid connectivity upto
exploration in the Scheduled Areas. 33/11 KV. Where grid connectivity
To promote energy generation, the is not possible, isolated lighting
• Rehabilitation of displaced Electricity Act of 2003 is in place
persons adequately. technologies like’ Photovoltaic cells
which has done away with the and solar PV will be used.
(10) ELECTRICITY AND requirement of a techno-economic
POWER clearance for thermal generation Rural Electrification plan to be
projects. formulated by each State which shall
The Major policies are: detail the electrification delivery
To promote hydroelectricity, debt mechanisms, fuel availability and
- National Electricity Policy, 2003
An indicative list of some important the Central/state government or earned net profit in three preceding
domestic regulations in India which
need to be examined for suitable
other PSBs is 51% or more
State-level public enterpr ises
consecutive years are to be listed
(iii) Follow-on public offers would
E
policy reforms in the services (SLPEs) are companies where the be considered taking into
sector include Trade and Transport
services, Construction,
direct holding of the state
government or other SLPEs is 51%
consideration the needs for capital
investment of CPSE, on a case by
C
Accountancy services, Legal or more case basis, and Government could
services and Education Services.
DISINVESTMENT IN PSUS
simultaneously or independently
offer a por tion of its equity
O
DISINVESTMENT POLICY shareholding
CENTRAL PUBLIC SECTOR
ENTERPRISES The present disinvestment policy
has been articulated in the recent
(iv) In all cases of disinvestment,
the Government would retain at
N
The PSUs, both at the Central and
state levels, play a prominent role
in the industrialisation and economic
President’s addresses to Joint
Sessions of Parliament and the
Finance Minister ’s recent
least 51% equity and the
management control O
development of India. The (v) All cases of disinvestment are
macr oeconomic objectives of
Central PSUs have been derived
Parliament Budget Speeches.
The salient features of the Policy
to be decided on a case by case
basis M
from the Industrial Policy are: (vi) The Department of Dis-
Resolutions and the Five Year
Plans. The state level public sectors
enterprises or state PSUs were
(i) Citizens have every right to own
part of the shares of Public Sector
investment is to identify CPSEs in
consultation with respective
Y
Undertakings administrative Ministries and submit
established because of the rising proposal to Government in cases
need for public utilities in the states. (ii)Public Sector Undertakings are requiring Offer for Sale of
These PSUs have also contributed the wealth of the Nation and this Government equity
substantially towards infrastructure wealth should rest in the hands of
development in India because PSUs the people National Investment Fund
prominently operate in the areas of
(iii)While pursuing disinvestment, On 27 Januar y 2005, the
public utilities such as railways, post
Government has to retain majority Gover nment had decided to
and telegraph, ports, airports and
shareholding, i.e. at least 51% and constitute a ‘National Investment
power. The infrastructure sectors
management control of the Public Fund’ (NIF) into which the
in India are dominated by PSUs and
Sector Undertakings
department-owned enterprises. How was this topic asked in the CSE
Approach for Disinvestment Q. Why is the Government of
Different types of public
enterprises On 5th November 2009, Govern- India dis-investing its equity in the
ment approved the following action Central Public ‘Sector Enterprises
Central public sector enterprises (CPSEs) ?
plan for disinvestment in profit
(CPSEs) are the firms owned and 1. The Government intends to use
making government companies:
controlled by the govenment. There the revenue earned from the
are three broad types of PSU’s- (i) Already listed profitable CPSEs dis-investment mainly to pay back
Departmental Organisation, Public (not meeting mandatory the external debt.
Corporation and Govenment shareholding of 10%) are to be 2. The Government no longer
Company. A government company made compliant by ‘Offer for Sale’ intends to retain the management
one in which the government or of by Government or by the CPSEs control of the CPSEs.
other CPSEs is 51% or more through issue of fresh shares or a Which of the statements given
shares. combination of both above is/are correct?
(ii) Unlisted CPSEs with no (a) I only (b) II only
Public sector banks (PSBs) are (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
banks where the direct holding of accumulated losses and having
Ans (d) CSE 2011
4. Silk Sarees
Bangalore
Bangalore, Kanjivaram, Karnataka
C. Indian Aluminium
Company 3. Koraput
E
D. NALCO 4. Renukoot
5. Tassar, Silk
6. Patola Silk
Sambalpur, Ahmedabad
Baroda Codes:
A B C D
C
7. Brass utensils Moradabad (with engraving and polishing) (a) 3 1 4 2
8. Brass wares/
metal wares Jaipur, Kashmir, Varanasi, Madurai, Tanjore
(b) 2
(c) 3
4
4
1
1
3
2
O
(d) 2 1 4 3
9. Ivory Works Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan Ans. (b) (CSE, 2007) N
Name
Public Sector Industrial Undertakings & Location
1. Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd
Location
Rasayani (Maharashtra)
O
2. Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd (a)Antibiotics Plant (IDPL) in Rishikesh (Uttaranchal) (b) Synthetic
Nepanagar (MP)
O receipts.
1. TAX REVENUES
How was this topic asked in the CSE
Q. Which one of the following
Ans. (d) (CSE, 1995)
iii. Wealth tax: Wealth tax is levied
statements regarding the levying, on the excess of net wealth over
N Tax r evenue is the revenue
collected from taxes. Tax revenues
account for the largest part i.e.,
collecting and distribution of
Income Tax is correct?
exemption of individuals, Hindu
undivided families and companies.
(a) The Union levies, collects and It was first introduced in 1957 on
O above 75 percent of the total
revenues of the central government.
The total Tax Revenues of the
distributes the proceeds of
income tax between itself and the
the recommendations of Prof.
Kaldor. Not all wealth holders are
states taxed. Wealth below Rs 15 lakh is
M central government was just Rs 375
crore in 1950-51 but it rose to Rs
Rs 9390 crore in 1980-81 and Rs
(b) The Union levies, collects and
keeps all the proceeds of income
exempted. It is not a very important
source of revenue for the central
tax to itself government and the 2013-14 budget
Y 133,660 crore in 2001-02. In the
2013-14 budget the Gross Tax
Revenue estimated is Rs 1235870
(c) The Union levies and collects
the tax but all the proceeds are
expects to collect Rs 950 crore
from the wealth tax.
crore. The central government distributed among the states iv. Gift tax:
mobilises its tax revenues from two (d) Only the surcharge levied on
main sources. They are: a) Direct income tax is shared between the Gift tax is levied on all donations
Union and the states and gifts except the ones given by
taxes and b) Indirect taxes.
Ans. (a) (CSE, 1999) the charitable institutions,
Different sources of tax revenues government companies and private
of the central government are Explanation: This arrangement
was changed since 2000-01 companies. It was first introduced
explained below: in 1958. Gift tax is progressive in
A. DIRECT TAXES: basis of the recommendations of the nature. Revenue-yielding was less
Finance Commission. This that Rs 10 crore a year and finally
Taxes levied on the income and arrangement was changed since in his budget speech for the year
wealth of the people is called direct 2000-01 on the recommendation of 1998-99 Mr Yashwant Sinha
taxes. They include personal the Eleventh Finance Commission abolished the gift tax on the ground
income tax, corporation tax, wealth such that now states are given a of its ridiculously low yield. Gifts are
tax, gift tax, estate duty, interest tax, share in overall tax receipts of the now clubbed with income in the
expenditure tax, etc. central government. hands of the beneficiaries.
i. Income tax: v. Death duty or Estate duty:
Income tax which is known as ii. Corporate tax: Death Duty or Estate Duty was
personal income tax is a tax levied levied by the central government on
Corporate tax is levied on the
by the central government on the the property of a person passed on
incomes of registered companies to his heirs after his death. It was
incomes of individuals, Hindu and corporations. It is levied at a
undivided families and unregistered first introduced in India in 1953. As
flat rate and at present the rate is the tax yield was too low while the
firms and associations. The budget 30 percent of the net profit. It is
2010-11 has raised the income tax cost of collection was relatively
the single largest revenue-yielding high, it was abolished in March
limit in the case of: tax in the country. It is expected to 1985, when VP Singh was the
Income up to Rs.2 lakh: Nil
E Parliament.
Monetised Deficit :- This deficit
include both the government budget
deficit and BOP deficit.
cent.
How was this topic asked in the CSE? Land Development Banks in India
O Q. Which of the following grants/
grant direct credit assistance to
RRB's perform various functions in
following heads
are of quasi-commercial type. Al-
though they are all registered under
rural households ? the Co-operative Societies Act, they
M 1. Regional Rural Banks
2. National Bank for Agriculture
• Providing banking facilities to
rural and semi-urban areas.
are associations of borrowers as
well as non-borrowers organised on
and Rural Development the principle of limited liability.
Y 3. Land Development Banks
Select the correct answer using the
• Carrying out government opera-
tions like disbursement of wages of
The borrowing capacity of a mem-
codes given below: ber is generally determined accord-
MGNREGA workers, distribution
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only ing to the number of shares he holds
of pensions etc.
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 in the bank, though each member
Ans: c (CSE 2013) has only one vote according to co-
• Providing Para-Banking facili-
Expl: NABARD doesn’t give operative principle, irrespective of
ties like locker facilities, debit and
“direct” credit assistance. It
credit cards. the number of shares he holds.
provides credit via intermediaries
Currently, RRB's are going through
such as Microfinance companies, Banking Ombudsman Scheme
a process of merger and consolida-
cooperative society, RRB.
The Banking
Ombudsman
Agricultural Credit By Different Agencies In India Scheme enables an
Cooperative Commercial Regional expeditious and
Year Others Total inexpensive forum
Banks Banks Rural Banks
to bank customers
1975-76 1186 [70.7] 405 [24.1] 004 [0.2] 082 [4.9] 1677 [100]
1983-84 2938 [55.7] 1885 [35.7] 263 [5.0] 185 [3.5] 5271 [100]
for resolution of
1993-94 10107 [61.3] 5400 [32.7] 977 [5.9] 000 [00] 16484 [100] complaints relating
2001-02 23524 [37.9] 33587 [54.1] 4854 [7.8] 080 [0.1] 62045 [100] to certain services
2002-03 23636 [34.0] 39774 [57.1] 6070 [8.7] 080 [0.1] 69560 [100] rendered by banks.
2003-04 26875 [30.9] 52441 [60.3] 7581 [8.7] 087 [0.1] 86984 [100] The Banking
2004-05 31231 [24.9] 81484 [65.0] 12404 [9.9] 190 [0.1] 125309[100]
2005-06 39404 [21.8] 125477[69.5] 15223 [8.4] 382 [0.2] 180486[100]
Ombudsman
2006-07 42480 [18.5] 166485[72.6] 20435 [8.9] 000 [00] 229400[100] Scheme is
2007-08 48258 [18.9] 181088[71.1] 25312 [9.9] 000 [00] 254658[100] introduced under
2008-09 45966 [15.2] 228951[75.8] 26765 [8.8] 226 [0.1] 301908[100] Section 35 A of the
2009-10 57500 [15.7] 274963[74.9] 34456 [9.4] 000 [00] 366919[100] Banking Regulation
2010-11 78121 [17] 345877[74] 44293[9] - 468291
2011-12 87963 [17] 368616[72] 54450[11] - 511029
Act, 1949 by RBI
with effect from
All figures in Rs Crores. Figures in parentheses indicate % share in total
Ordinance, and later, the ownership How was this topic asked in the CSE
to 26%, the insurance sector has
too by means of a comprehensive
been a booming market. However, Q. Consider the following
bill. The Parliament of India passed
the largest life-insurance company statements:
the Life Insurance Corporation Act
in India is still owned by the 1. Life Insurance Corporation of
on the 19th of June 1956, and the
government. India is the oldest insurance
Life Insurance Corporation of India
The history of Insurance in India company in India.
was created on 1st September,
dates back to 1818, when Oriental 2. National Insurance Company
1956, with the objective of
Life Insurance Company was Limited was nationalized in the
spreading life insurance much more
established by Europeans in year 1972 and made a subsidiary
widely and in particular to the rural
Kolkata to cater to their of General Insurance Corporation
areas with a view to reach all
requirements. Nevertheless, there of India.
insurable persons in the country,
was discrimination among the life 3. Headquarters of United Indian
providing them adequate financial
of foreigners and Indians, as higher Insurance Company Limited are
cover at a reasonable cost.
premiums were charged from the located at Chennai.
In 1912, the Govt. of India passed Which of the statements given
latter. In 1870, Indians took a sigh
two acts - the Life Insurance above are correct?
of relief when Bombay Mutual Life
Companies Act, and the Provident (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
Assurance Society, the first Indian
Fund Act - to regulate the insurance (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only
insurance company covered Indian
business. National Insur ance Ans. (c) (CSE, 2006)
lives at normal rates. Onset of the
Company Ltd, founded in 1906, is Explanation: Oriental Life
20th century brought a drastic
the oldest existing insur ance Insurance Company, Calcutta
change in the Insurance sector.
company in India. Earlier, the (Kolkata) is the oldest insurance
The first two decades of the Insurance sector had only two state company in India (1818). Life
twentieth century saw lot of growth insurers - Life Insurers i.e. Life Insurance Corporation of India
in insurance business. From 44 Insurance Corporation of India was created in the year of 1956.
companies with total business-in- (LIC), and General Insurers i.e.
Y Teaser Loan
An adjustable-rate mortgage loan
by the government , formulated a
scheme where interest rates for
loans up to 5 lakh and loans up to
world wide web. It is called virtual
banking because an internet bank
has no boundaries of brick and
in which the borrower pays a very 20 lakh were available at mortar and it exists only on the
low initial interest rate, which discounted rates of 8.5% and internet.
increases after a few years. Teaser 9.25%, respectively, for the first five Wholesale Banking : Wholesale
loans try to entice borrowers by years. This was a limited period banking is different from Retail
offering an artificially low rate and scheme, which was part of the Banking as its focus is on providing
small down payments, claiming that stimulus measures announced by for financial needs of industry and
borr owers should be able to the government. institutional clients.
refinance before the increases
occur.
Teaser loans are considered an 7 CAPITAL MARKET
aspect of subprime lending, as they
are usually offered to low-income Capital markets are financial mar- market which deals with securities
home buyers. Unfortunately, when kets for the buying and selling of already issued by companies. It is
these borrowers try to refinance long-term debt- or equity-backed an old issues market and the stock
the loan before the rate increases, securities. These markets channel exchange is the centre of its
most will not qualify for standard the wealth of savers to those who activity. Primary market is the new
mortgages. This leaves borrowers can put it to long-term productive issue market.
with increased monthly payments, use, such as companies or govern- Stock Exchanges
which many cannot afford. This ments making long-term invest-
method of loaning is considered ments. The history of stock exchanges can
risky, as default rates are high. Primary and Secondary market: be traced to 12th century France,
Primary mar ket refers to the when the first brokers are believed
Teaser loan rates are special home system of raising new capital by to have developed, trading in debt
loan rates that are called so, as the selling new shares and debentures and government securities.
banks attract customers by offering by companies. On the other hand, Unofficial share markets existed
them lower rates of interest in the the secondary market refers to that across Europe through the 1600s,
Y 8. W.T.O membership:
India has liberalized its economic
The biggest gainer is the engineering
goods sector with its share
increasing from 15.7 per cent in
meals, and coffee.
Among manufactured exports,
engineering goods, gems and
system. The foreign trade sector is 2000-1 to 22.2 percent in the first jewellery, and chemicals and
also liberalised. Globalisation is half of 2011-12. related products registered high
given much emphasis. In January Another sector is electronics, the growth, while textiles export
1, 1995 India joined the World Trade share of which increased from 2.5 growth was moderate.
Organisation which has come into per cent to 3.5 per cent in 2010-11,
existence as replacement to GATT. Export growth of petroleum, crude,
but fell to 2.9 per cent in the first and products was also very high
This organisation includes 153 half of 2011-12.
countries. due to the high prices of crude oil
While the share of chemicals and and also due to increase in refining
9. Deterioration in terms of related products incr eased capacity.
trade: marginally from 10.4 per cent to Ores and minerals is the only item
The most alarming development of 11.6 per cent, that of gems and with negative growth in the first half
India’s for eign trade is the jewellery fell marginally from 16.6 of 2011-12 due to a ban on export
deterioration in terms of trade. per cent to 16.1 per cent during of iron ore by the state
From 1950-51 to the present day 2000-1 to the first half of 2011-12 . governments of Karnataka and
trade terms have been subjected to A point to be noted is that most of Odisha.
great fluctuations. the petroleum exports of India are The compositional change from
COMPOSITION OF refined exports and qualify for the 2000-1 to the first half of 2011-12
EXPORTS category of manufactures. Similarly can also be seen in the destination-
ther e are many items in the wise exports of major items. While
(Based on Date released on 05 Jul 2013)
agricultural and allied sector like the gain in share of petroleum,
Great changes in the sectoral marine exports and processed foods crude and products in India’s export
composition of India’s export which are manufactured items. to the EU has been higher than to
basket seen in the 2000s decade US with an increase of around 17
If these are included under the
have accelerated in the beginning percentage points, the decrease in
definition of manufactures, then the
of this decade.