ACCOUNTING BASICS AND INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

ANSWERS
ACCOUNTING BASICS AND INTERVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS

1. Definition of accounting: “the art of recording, classifying and summarizing in a significant manner
and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least of a financial character and
interpreting the results there of”.
2. Book keeping: It is mainly concerned with recording of financial data relating to the business
operations in a significant and orderly manner.
3. Concepts of accounting:
A. Separate entity concept
B. Going concern concept
C. Money measurement concept
D. Cost concept
E. Dual aspect concept
F. Accounting period concept
G. Periodic matching of costs and revenue concept
H. Realization concept.

4 Conventions of accounting:
A. Conservatism
B. Full disclosure
C. Consistency
D. Materiality

5. Systems of book keeping:

A. single entry system
B. double entry system

6. Systems of accounting:

A. Cash system accounting

B. Mercantile system of accounting.
7. Principles of accounting:
A. Personal a/c: Debit the receiver
Credit the giver

B. Real a/c: Debit what comes in

Credit what goes out
C. Nominal a/c: Debit all expenses and losses
Credit all gains and incomes

8. Meaning of journal: Journal means chronological record of transactions.

 9. Meaning of ledger: Ledger is a set of accounts. It contains all accounts of the business
enterprise whether real, nominal, personal.
10. Posting: It means transferring the debit and credit items from the journal to their
respective accounts in the ledger.
11. Trial balance: Trial balance is a statement containing the various ledger balances on a
particular date.
12. Credit note: The customer when returns the goods get credit for the value of the goods
returned. A credit note is sent to him intimating that his a/c has been credited with the value of the
goods returned.
13. Debit note: When the goods are returned to the supplier, a debit note is sent to him
indicating that his a/c has been debited with the amount mentioned in the debit note.
14. Contra entry: Which accounting entry is recorded on both the debit and credit side of
the cashbook is known as the contra entry.
15. Petty cash book: Petty cash is maintained by business to record petty cash expenses of
the business, such as postage, cartage, stationery, etc.
16. Promisory note: an instrument in writing containing an unconditional undertaking
signed by the maker, to pay certain sum of money only to or to the order of a certain person or to the
barer of the instrument.
17. Cheque: A bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker and payable on demand.
18. Stale Cheque: A stale cheque means not valid of cheque that means more than six
months the cheque is not valid.
20. Bank reconciliation statement: It is a statement reconciling the balance as shown by the
bank passbook and the balance as shown by the Cash Book. Obj: to know the difference & pass
necessary correcting, adjusting entries in the books.
21. Matching concept: Matching means requires proper matching of expense with the
revenue.
22. Capital income: The term capital income means an income which does not grow out of
or pertain to the running of the business proper.
23. Revenue income: The income, which arises out of and in the course of the regular
business transactions of a concern.
24. Capital expenditure: It means an expenditure which has been incurred for the purpose
of obtaining a long term advantage for the business.
25. Revenue expenditure: An expenditure that incurred in the course of regular business
transactions of a concern.

26. Differed revenue expenditure: An expenditure, which is incurred during an accounting

period but is applicable further periods also. Eg: heavy advertisement.
27. Bad debts: Bad debts denote the amount lost from debtors to whom the goods were sold
on credit.
28. Depreciation: Depreciation denotes gradually and permanent decrease in the value of
asset due to wear and tear, technology changes, laps of time and accident.
29. Fictitious assets: These are assets not represented by tangible possession or property.
Examples of preliminary expenses, discount on issue of shares, debit balance in the profit And loss
account when shown on the assets side in the balance sheet.
30. Intanglbe Assets: Intangible assets mean the assets which is not having the physical
appearance. And it’s have the real value, it shown on the assets side of the balance sheet.
31. Accrued Income: Accrued income means income which has been earned by the business
during the accounting year but which has not yet been due and, therefore, has not been received.
 32. Outstanding Income: Outstanding Income means income which has become due during
the accounting year but which has not so far been received by the firm.
33. Suspense account: The suspense account is an account to which the difference in the
trial balance has been put temporarily.
34. Depletion: It implies removal of an available but not replaceable source, Such as
extracting coal from a coal mine.
35. Amortization: The process of writing of intangible assets is term as amortization.
36. Dilapidations: The term dilapidations to damage done to a building or other property
during tenancy.
37. Capital employed: The term capital employed means sum of total long term funds
employed in the business. i.e.
(Share capital+ reserves & surplus +long term loans – (non business assets + fictitious
assets)
38. Equity shares: Those shares which are not having pref. rights are called equity shares.
39. Pref.shares: Those shares which are carrying the pref.rights are called pref. shares
Pref.rights in respect of fixed dividend. Pref.right to repayment of capital in the event of company
winding up.
40. Leverage: It is a force applied at a particular work to get the desired result.
41. Operating leverage: the operating leverage takes place when a changes in revenue
greater changes in EBIT.
42. Financial leverage: it is nothing but a process of using debt capital to increase the rate of
return on equity
43. Combine leverage: It is used to measure of the total risk of the firm = operating risk +
financial risk.

44. Joint venture: A joint venture is an association of two or more the persons who
combined for the execution of a specific transaction and divide the profit or loss their of an agreed
ratio.
45. Partnership: Partnership is the relation b/w the persons who have agreed to share the
profits of business carried on by all or any of them acting for all.
46. Factoring: It is an arrangement under which a firm (called borrower) receives advances
against its receivables, from financial institutions (called factor)
47. Capital reserve: The reserve which transferred from the capital gains is called capital
reserve.
48. General reserve: the reserve which is transferred from normal profits of the firm is
called general reserve
49. Free Cash: The cash not for any specific purpose free from any encumbrance like
surplus cash.
50. Minority Interest: Minority interest refers to the equity of the minority shareholders in a
subsidiary company.
51. Capital receipts: Capital receipts may be defined as “non-recurring receipts from the
owner of the business or lender of the money crating a liability to either of them.
52. Revenue receipts: Revenue receipts may defined as “A recurring receipts against sale of
goods in the normal course of business and which generally the result of the trading activities”.
53. Meaning of Company: A company is an association of many persons who contribute
money or money’s worth to common stock and employs it for a common purpose. The common
stock so contributed is denoted in money and is the capital of the company.
54. Types of a company:
 1. Statutory companies
2. Government company
3. Foreign company
4. Registered companies:
A. Companies limited by shares
B. Companies limited by guarantee
C. Unlimited companies
D. private company
E. public company

55. Private company: A private co. is which by its AOA: Restricts the right of the members
to transfer of shares Limits the no. Of members 50. Prohibits any Invitation to the public to subscribe
for its shares or debentures.
56. Public company: A company, the articles of association of which does not contain the
requisite restrictions to make it a private limited company, is called a public company.
57. Characteristics of a company:
> Voluntary association
> Separate legal entity
> Free transfer of shares
> Limited liability
> Common seal
> Perpetual existence.
58. Formation of company:
> Promotion
> Incorporation
> Commencement of business
59. Equity share capital: The total sum of equity shares is called equity share capital.
60. Authorized share capital: It is the maximum amount of the share capital, which a
company can raise for the time being.
61. Issued capital: It is that part of the authorized capital, which has been allotted to the
public for subscriptions.
62. Subscribed capital: it is the part of the issued capital, which has been allotted to the
public
63. Called up capital: It has been portion of the subscribed capital which has been called up
by the company.
64. Paid up capital: It is the portion of the called up capital against which payment has been
received.
65. Debentures: Debenture is a certificate issued by a company under its seal acknowledging
a debt due by it to its holder.
66. Cash profit: cash profit is the profit it is occurred from the cash sales.

67. Deemed public Ltd. Company: A private company is a subsidiary company to public
company it satisfies the following terms/conditions Sec 3(1)3:
1. Having minimum share capital 5 lakhs
2. Accepting investments from the public
3. No restriction of the transferable of shares
4. No restriction of no. of members.
 5. Accepting deposits from the investors

68. Secret reserves: Secret reserves are reserves the existence of which does not appear on
the face of balance sheet. In such a situation, net assets position of the business is stronger than that
disclosed by the balance sheet.
These reserves are created by:
1. Excessive depot an asset, excessive over-valuation of a liability.
2. Complete elimination of an asset, or under valuation of an asset.

69. Provision: provision usually means any amount written off or retained by way of
providing depreciation, renewals or diminutions in the value of assets or retained by way of
providing for any known liability of which the amount cannot be determined with substantial
accuracy.
70. Reserve: The provision in excess of the amount considered necessary for the purpose it
was originally made is also considered as reserve Provision is charge against profits while reserves is
an appropriation of profits Creation of reserve increase proprietor’s fund while creation of provisions
decreases his funds in the business.
71. Reserve fund: The term reserve fund means such reserve against which clearly
investment etc.,
72. Undisclosed reserves: Sometimes a reserve is created but its identity is merged with
some other a/c or group of accounts so that the existence of the reserve is not known such reserve is
called an undisclosed reserve.
73. Finance management: Financial management deals with procurement of funds and their
effective utilization in business.

74. Objectives of financial management: financial management having two objectives that
Is:
1. Profit maximization: The finance manager has to make his decisions in a manner so that
the profits of the concern are maximized.
2. Wealth maximization: Wealth maximization means the objective of a firm should be to
maximize its value or wealth, or value of a firm is represented by the market price of its common
stock.
75. Functions of financial manager:
> Investment decision
> Dividend decision
> Finance decision
> Cash management decisions
> Performance evaluation
> Market impact analysis

76. Time value of money: The time value of money means that worth of a rupee received
today is different from the worth of a rupee to be received in future.
77. Capital structure: It refers to the mix of sources from where the long-term funds
required in a business may be raised; in other words, it refers to the proportion of debt, preference
capital and equity capital.
78. Optimum capital structure: Capital structure is optimum when the firm has a
combination of equity and debt so that the wealth of the firm is maximum.
 79. Wacc: It denotes weighted average cost of capital. It is defined as the overall cost of
capital computed by reference to the proportion of each component of capital as weights.
80. Financial break-even point: It denotes the level at which a firm’s EBIT is just sufficient
to cover interest and preference dividend.
81. Capital budgeting: Capital budgeting involves the process of decision making with
regard to investment in fixed assets. Or decision making with regard to investment of money in
longterm projects.
82. Payback period: Payback period represents the time period required for complete
recovery of the initial investment in the project.
83. ARR: Accounting or average rates of return means the average annual yield on the
project.
84. NPV: The Net present value of an investment proposal is defined as the sum of the
present values of all future cash inflows less the sum of the present values of all cash out flows
associated with the proposal.

85. Profitability index: Where different investment proposal each involving different initial
investments and cash inflows are to be compared.
86. IRR: Internal rate of return is the rate at which the sum total of discounted cash inflows
equals the discounted cash out flow.
87. Treasury management: It means it is defined as the efficient management of liquidity
and financial risk in business.
88. Concentration banking: It means identify locations or places where customers are
placed and open a local bank a/c in each of these locations and open local collection canter.
89. Marketable securities: Surplus cash can be invested in short term instruments in order to
earn interest.
90. Ageing schedule: In an ageing schedule the receivables are classified according to their
age.
91. Maximum permissible bank finance (MPBF): It is the maximum amount that banks
can lend a borrower towards his working capital requirements.
92. Commercial paper: A cp is a short term promissory note issued by a company,
negotiable by endorsement and delivery, issued at a discount on face value as may be determined by
the issuing company.
93. Bridge finance: It refers to the loans taken by the company normally from commercial
banks for a short period pending disbursement of loans sanctioned by the financial institutions.
94. Venture capital: It refers to the financing of high-risk ventures promoted by new
qualified ntrepreneurs who require funds to give shape to their ideas.
95. Debt securitization: It is a mode of financing, where in securities are issued on the basis
of a package of assets (called asset pool).
96. Lease financing: Leasing is a contract where one party (owner) purchases assets and
permits its views by another party (lessee) over a specified period
97. Trade Credit: It represents credit granted by suppliers of goods, in the normal course of
business.
98. Over draft: Under this facility a fixed limit is granted within which the borrower allowed
to overdraw from his account.
99. Cash credit: It is an arrangement under which a customer is allowed an advance up to
certain limit against credit granted by bank.
100. Clean overdraft: It refers to an advance by way of overdraft facility, but not back by
any tangible security.
 101. Share capital: The sum total of the nominal value of the shares of a company is called
share capital.

102. Funds flow statement: It is the statement deals with the financial resources for running
business activities. It explains how the funds obtained and how they used.
103. Sources of funds: There are two sources of funds internal sources and external sources.
Internal source: Funds from operations is the only internal sources of funds and some important
points add to it they do not result in the outflow of funds
(a) Depreciation on fixed assets
(b) Preliminary expenses or goodwill written off, Loss on sale of fixed assets Deduct the
following items, as they do not increase the funds:
Profit on sale of fixed assets, profit on revaluation Of fixed assets
External sources: (a) Funds from long-term loans
(b)Sale of fixed assets
(c) Funds from increase in share capital

104. Application of funds: (a) Purchase of fixed assets (b) Payment of dividend (c)Payment
of tax liability (d) Payment of fixed liability

105. ICD (Inter corporate deposits): Companies can borrow funds for a short period. For
example 6 months or less from another company which have surplus liquidity? Such deposits made
by one company in another company are called ICD.
106. Certificate of deposits: The CD is a document of title similar to a fixed deposit receipt
issued by banks there is no prescribed interest rate on such CDs it is based on the prevailing market
conditions.
107. Public deposits: It is very important source of short term and medium term finance. The
company can accept PD from members of the public and shareholders. It has the maturity period of 6
months to 3 years.
108. Euro issues: The euro issues means that the issue is listed on a European stock
Exchange. The subscription can come from any part of the world except India.
109. GDR (Global depository receipts): A depository receipt is basically a negotiable
certificate, dominated in us dollars that represents a non-US company publicly traded in local
currency equity shares.
110. ADR (American depository receipts): Depository receipts issued by a company in the
USA are known as ADRs. Such receipts are to be issued in accordance with the provisions stipulated
by the securities Exchange commission (SEC) of USA like SEBI in India.

111. Commercial banks: Commercial banks extend foreign currency loans for international
operations, just like rupee loans. The banks also provided overdraft.
112. Development banks: It offers long-term and medium term loans including foreign
currency loans
113. International agencies: International agencies like the IFC,IBRD,ADB,IMF etc.
provide indirect assistance for obtaining foreign currency.
114. Seed capital assistance: The seed capital assistance scheme is desired by the IDBI for
professionally or technically qualified entrepreneurs and persons possessing relevantexperience and
skills and entrepreneur traits.
 115. Unsecured loans: It constitutes a significant part of long-term finance available to an
enterprise.
116. Cash flow statement: It is a statement depicting change in cash position from one
period to another.
117. Sources of cash:
Internal sources
(a)Depreciation
(b)Amortization
(c)Loss on sale of fixed assets
(d)Gains from sale of fixed assets
(e) Creation of reserves
External sources-
(a)Issue of new shares
(b)Raising long term loans
(c)Short-term borrowings
(d)Sale of fixed assets, investments
118. Application of cash:
(a) Purchase of fixed assets
(b) Payment of long-term loans
(c) Decrease in deferred payment liabilities
(d) Payment of tax, dividend
(e) Decrease in unsecured loans and deposits

119. Budget: It is a detailed plan of operations for some specific future period. It is an
estimate prepared in advance of the period to which it applies.
120. Budgetary control: It is the system of management control and accounting in which all
operations are forecasted and so for as possible planned ahead, and the actual results compared with
the forecasted and planned ones.
121. Cash budget: It is a summary statement of firm’s expected cash inflow and outflow
over a specified time period.
122. Master budget: A summary of budget schedules in capsule form made for the purpose
of presenting in one report the highlights of the budget forecast.
123. Fixed budget: It is a budget, which is designed to remain unchanged irrespective of the
level of activity actually attained.
124. Zero- base- budgeting: It is a management tool which provides a systematic method
for evaluating all operations and programmes, current of new allows for budget reductions and
expansions in a rational inner and allows reallocation of source from low to high priority programs.
125. Goodwill: The present value of firm’s anticipated excess earnings.
126. BRS: It is a statement reconciling the balance as shown by the bank pass book and
balance shown by the cash book.
127. Objective of BRS: The objective of preparing such a statement is to know the causes of
difference between the two balances and pass necessary correcting or adjusting entries in the books
of the firm.
128. Responsibilities of accounting: It is a system of control by delegating and locating the
Responsibilities for costs.
129. Profit centre: A centre whose performance is measured in terms of both the expense
incurs and revenue it earns.
 130. Cost centre: A location, person or item of equipment for which cost may be ascertained
and used for the purpose of cost control.
131. Cost: The amount of expenditure incurred on to a given thing.
132. Cost accounting: It is thus concerned with recording, classifying, and summarizing
costs for determination of costs of products or services planning, controlling and reducing such costs
and furnishing of information management for decision making.

133. Elements of cost:

(A) Material
(B) Labour
(C) Expenses
(D) Overheads
134. Components of total costs: (A) Prime cost (B) Factory cost
(C)Total cost of production (D) Total c0st
135. Prime cost: It consists of direct material direct labour and direct expenses. It is also
known as basic or first or flat cost.
136. Factory cost: It comprises prime cost, in addition factory overheads which include cost
of indirect material indirect labour and indirect expenses incurred in factory. This cost is also known
as works cost or production cost or manufacturing cost.
137. Cost of production: In office and administration overheads are added to factory cost,
office cost is arrived at.
138. Total cost: Selling and distribution overheads are added to total cost of production to
get the total cost or cost of sales.
139. Cost unit: A unit of quantity of a product, service or time in relation to which costs may
be ascertained or expressed.
140.Methods of costing: (A)Job costing (B)Contract costing (C)Process costing
(D)Operation costing (E)Operating costing (F)Unit costing (G)Batch costing.
141. Techniques of costing: (a) marginal costing (b) direct costing (c) absorption costing (d)
uniform costing.
142. Standard costing: standard costing is a system under which the cost of the product is
determined in advance on certain predetermined standards.
143. Marginal costing: it is a technique of costing in which allocation of expenditure to
production is restricted to those expenses which arise as a result of production, i.e., materials, labour,
direct expenses and variable overheads.
144. Derivative: derivative is product whose value is derived from the value of one or more
basic variables of underlying asset.
145. Forwards: a forward contract is customized contracts between two entities were
settlement takes place on a specific date in the future at today’s pre agreed price.

146. Futures: A future contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset at
a certain time in the future at a certain price. Future contracts are standardized exchange traded
contracts.
147. Options: An option gives the holder of the option the right to do something. The option
holder option may exercise or not.
148. Call option: A call option gives the holder the right but not the obligation to buy an
asset by a certain date for a certain price.
149. Put option: A put option gives the holder the right but not obligation to sell an asset by
a certain date for a certain price.
 150. Option price: Option price is the price which the option buyer pays to the option seller.
It is also referred to as the option premium.
151. Expiration date: The date which is specified in the option contract is called expiration
date.
152. European option: It is the option at exercised only on expiration date itself.
153. Basis: Basis means future price minus spot price.
154. Cost of carry: The relation between future prices and spot prices can be summarized in
terms of what is known as cost of carry.
155. Initial margin: The amount that must be deposited in the margin a/c at the time of first
entered into future contract is known as initial margin.
156 Maintenance margin: This is somewhat lower than initial margin.
157. Mark to market: In future market, at the end of the each trading day, the margin a/c is
adjusted to reflect the investors’ gains or loss depending upon the futures selling price. This is called
mark to market.
158. Baskets: basket options are options on portfolio of underlying asset.
159. Swaps: swaps are private agreements between two parties to exchange cash flows in the
future according to a pre agreed formula.
160. Impact cost: Impact cost is cost it is measure of liquidity of the market. It reflects the
costs faced when actually trading in index.
161. Hedging: Hedging means minimize the risk.
162. Capital market: Capital market is the market it deals with the long term investment
funds. It consists of two markets 1.primary market 2.secondary market.
163. Primary market: Those companies which are issuing new shares in this market. It is
also called new issue market.
164. Secondary market: Secondary market is the market where shares buying and selling. In
India secondary market is called stock exchange.

165. Arbitrage: It means purchase and sale of securities in different markets in order to
profit from price discrepancies. In other words arbitrage is a way of reducing risk of loss caused by
price fluctuations of securities held in a portfolio.
166. Meaning of ratio: Ratios are relationships expressed in mathematical terms between
figures which are connected with each other in same manner.
167. Activity ratio: It is a measure of the level of activity attained over a period.
168. Mutual fund: A mutual fund is a pool of money, collected from investors, and is
invested according to certain investment objectives.
169. Characteristics of mutual fund: Ownership of the MF is in the hands of the of the
investors MF managed by investment professionals The value of portfolio is updated every day
170. Advantage of MF to investors: Portfolio diversification Professional management
Reduction in risk Reduction of transaction casts Liquidity Convenience and flexibility
171. Net asset value: the value of one unit of investment is called as the Net Asset Value
172. Open-ended fund: open ended funds means investors can buy and sell units of fund, at
NAV related prices at any time, directly from the fund this is called open ended fund.
173. Close ended funds: close ended funds means it is open for sale to investors for a
specific period, after which further sales are closed. Any further transaction for buying the units or
repurchasing them, happen, in the secondary markets.
174. Dividend option: investors who choose a dividend on their investments, will receive
dividends from the MF, as when such dividends are declared.
 175. Growth option: investors who do not require periodic income distributions can be
choose the growth option.
176. Equity funds: equity funds are those that invest pre-dominantly in equity shares of
company.
177. Types of equity funds: Simple equity funds Primary market funds Sectoral funds Index
funds
178. Sectoral funds: Sectoral funds choose to invest in one or more chosen sectors of the
equity markets.
179. Index funds: The fund manager takes a view on companies that are expected to perform
well, and invests in these companies
180. Debt funds: the debt funds are those that are pre-dominantly invest in debt securities.
181. Liquid funds: the debt funds invest only in instruments with maturities less than one
year.
182. Gilt funds: gilt funds invests only in securities that are issued by the GOVT. and
therefore does not carry any credit risk.

183. Balanced funds: Funds that invest both in debt and equity markets are called balanced
funds.
184. Sponsor: sponsor is the promoter of the MF and appoints trustees, custodians and the
AMC with prior approval of SEBI.
185. Trustee: Trustee is responsible to the investors in the MF and appoint the AMC for
managing the investment portfolio.
186. AMC: the AMC describes Asset Management Company; it is the business face of the
MF, as it manages all the affairs of the MF.
187. R & T Agents: the R&T agents are responsible for the investor servicing functions, as
they maintain the records of investors in MF.
188. Custodians: Custodians are responsible for the securities held in the mutual fund’s
portfolio.
189. Scheme takes over: if an existing MF scheme is taken over by another AMC, it is
called as scheme take over.
190. Meaning of load: Load is the factor that is applied to the NAV of a scheme to arrive at
the price.
192. Market capitalization: market capitalization means number of shares issued multiplied
with market price per share.
193. Price earnings ratio: The ratio between the share price and the post tax earnings of
company is called as price earnings ratio.
194. Dividend yield: The dividend paid out by the company, is usually a percentage of the
face value of a share.
195. Market risk: It refers to the risk which the investor is exposed to as a result of adverse
movements in the interest rates. It also referred to as the interest rate risk.
196. Re-investment risk: It the risk which an investor has to face as a result of a fall in the
interest rates at the time of reinvesting the interest income flows from the fixed income security.
197. Call risk: Call risk is associated with bonds have an embedded call option in them. This
option hives the issuer the right to call back the bonds prior to maturity.
198. Credit risk: Credit risk refers to the probability that a borrower could default on a
commitment to repay debt or band loans
199. Inflation risk: Inflation risk reflects the changes in the purchasing power of the cash
flows resulting from the fixed income security.
 200. Liquid risk: It is also called market risk, it refers to the ease with which bonds could be
traded in the market.

201. Drawings: Drawings denotes the money withdrawn by the proprietor from the business
for his personal use.
202. Outstanding Income: Outstanding Income means income which has become due
during the accounting year but which has not so far been received by the firm.
203. Outstanding Expenses: Outstanding Expenses refer to those expenses which have
become due during the accounting period for which the Final Accounts have been prepared but have
not yet been paid.
204. Closing stock: The term closing stock means goods lying unsold with the businessman
at the end of the accounting year.
205. Methods of depreciation:
1. Unirorm charge methods:
a. Fixed installment method
b .Depletion method
c. Machine hour rate method.
2. Declining charge methods:
a. Diminishing balance method
b. Sum of years digits method
c. Double declining method
3. Other methods:
a. Group depreciation method
b. Inventory system of depreciation
c. Annuity method
d. Depreciation fund method
e. Insurance policy method.
206. Accrued Income: Accrued Income means income which has been earned by the
business during the accounting year but which has not yet become due and, therefore, has not been
received.

207. Gross profit ratio: it indicates the efficiency of the production/trading operations.
Formula : Gross profit
-------------------X100
Net sales
208. Net profit ratio: it indicates net margin on sales
Formula: Net profit
--------------- X 100
Net sales
209. Return on share holders’ funds: it indicates measures earning power of equity capital.
Formula:
Profits available for Equity shareholders
-----------------------------------------------X 100
Average Equity Shareholders Funds
210. Earning per Equity share (EPS): it shows the amount of earnings attributable to each
equity share.
 Formula:
Profits available for Equity shareholders
----------------------------------------------
Number of Equity shares

211. Dividend yield ratio: it shows the rate of return to shareholders in the form of
dividends based in the market price of the share
Formula:
Dividend per share
---------------------------- X100
Market price per share

212. Price earnings ratio: it a measure for determining the value of a share. May also be
used to measure the rate of return expected by investors.
Formula: Market price of share (MPS)
------------------------------------X 100
Earnings per share (EPS)

213. Current ratio: it measures short-term debt paying ability.

Formula:
Current Assets
------------------------
Current Liabilities

214. Debt-Equity Ratio: it indicates the percentage of funds being financed through
borrowings; a measure of the extent of trading on equity.
Formula: Total Long-term Debt
---------------------------
Shareholders’ funds

215. Fixed Assets ratio: This ratio explains whether the firm has raised adequate long-term
funds to meet its fixed assets requirements.
Formula: Fixed Assets
-------------------
Long-term Funds

216. Quick Ratio: The ratio termed as ‘liquidity ratio’. The ratio is ascertained y comparing
the liquid assets to current liabilities.
Formula:
Liquid Assets
------------------------
Current Liabilities

217. Stock turnover Ratio: The ratio indicates whether investment in inventory in
efficiently used or not. It, therefore explains whether investment in inventory within proper limits or
not.
Formula: cost of goods sold
------------------------------
 Average stock

218. Debtors Turnover Ratio: The ratio the better it is, since it would indicate that debts are
being collected more promptly. The ration helps in cash budgeting since the flow of cash from
customers can be worked out on the basis of sales.
Formula: Credit sales
----------------------------
Average Accounts Receivable

219. Creditors Turnover Ratio: It indicates the speed with which the payments for credit
purchases are made to the creditors.
Formula: Credit Purchases
-----------------------
Average Accounts Payable

220. Working capital turnover ratio: It is also known as Working Capital Leverage Ratio.
This ratio indicates whether or not working capital has been effectively utilized in making sales.
Formula: Net Sales
----------------------------
Working Capital

221. Fixed Assets Turnover ratio: This ratio indicates the extent to which the investments
in fixed assets contribute towards sales.
Formula: Net Sales
--------------------------
Fixed Assets

222 .Pay-outs Ratio: This ratio indicates what proportion of earning per share has been used
for paying dividend.
Formula: Dividend per Equity Share
--------------------------------------------X100
Earning per Equity share

223. Overall Profitability Ratio: It is also called as “Return on Investment” (ROI) or Return
on Capital Employed (ROCE). It indicates the percentage of return on the total capital employed in
the business.
Formula: Operating profit
------------------------X 100
Capital employed

The term capital employed has been given different meanings a.sum total of all assets
Whether fixed or current b.sum total of fixed assets, c.sum total of long-term funds employed In the
business, i.e., share capital +reserves &surplus +long term loans – (non business assets + fictitious
assets). Operating profit means ‘profit before interest and tax’
224. Fixed Interest Cover ratio: The ratio is very important from the lender’s point of view.
It indicates whether the business would earn sufficient profits to pay periodically the interest charges.
Formula: Income before interest and Tax
---------------------------------------
 Interest Charges

225. Fixed Dividend Cover ratio: This ratio is important for preference shareholders
entitled to get dividend at a fixed rate in priority to other shareholders.
Formula: Net Profit after Interest and Tax
------------------------------------------
Preference Dividend
226. Debt Service Coverage ratio: This ratio is explained ability of a company to make
payment of principal amounts also on time.
Formula: Net profit before interest and tax
----------------------------------------------- 1-Tax rate
Interest + Principal payment installment
227. Proprietary ratio: It is a variant of debt-equity ratio . It establishes relationship
between the proprietor’s funds and the total tangible assets.
Formula: Shareholders funds
------------------------------
Total tangible assets
228. Difference between joint venture and partnership: In joint venture the business is
carried on without using a firm name, In the partnership, the business is carried on under a firm
name. In the joint venture, the business transactions are recorded under cash system In the
partnership, the business transactions are recorded under mercantile system. In the joint venture,
profit and loss is ascertained on completion of the venture In the partnership, profit and loss is
ascertained at the end of each year. In the joint venture, it is confined to a particular operation and it
is temporary. In the partnership, it is confined to a particular operation and it is permanent.
229. Meaning of Working capital: The funds available for conducting day to day operations
of an enterprise. Also represented by the excess of current assets over current liabilities.
230. Concepts of accounting:
1. Business entity concepts: - According to this concept, the business is treated as a separate
entity distinct from its owners and others.
2. Going concern concept :- According to this concept, it is assumed that a business has a
reasonable expectation of continuing business at a profit for an indefinite period of time.
3. Money measurement concept :- This concept says that the accounting records only those
transactions which can be expressed in terms of money only.
4. Cost concept: - According to this concept, an asset is recorded in the books at the price
paid to acquire it and that this cost is the basis for all subsequent accounting for the asset.
5. Dual aspect concept: - In every transaction, there will be two aspects – the receiving aspect
and the giving aspect; both are recorded by debiting one accounts and crediting another account. This
is called double entry.
6. Accounting period concept: - It means the final accounts must be prepared on a periodic
basis. Normally accounting period adopted is one year, more than this period reduces the utility of
accounting data.
7. Realization concept: - According to this concepts, revenue is considered as being earned
on the data which it is realized, i.e., the date when the property in goods passes the buyer and he
become legally liable to pay.
8. Materiality concepts: - It is a one of the accounting principle, as per only important
information will be taken, and UN important information will be ignored in the preparation of the
financial statement.
 9. Matching concepts: - The cost or expenses of a business of a particular period are
compared with the revenue of the period in order to ascertain the net profit and loss.
10. Accrual concept: - The profit arises only when there is an increase in owners capital,
which is a result of excess of revenue over expenses and loss.
231. Financial analysis: The process of interpreting the past, present, and future financial
condition of a company.
232. Income statement: An accounting statement which shows the level of revenues,
expenses and profit occurring for a given accounting period.
233. Annual report: The report issued annually by a company, to its share holders. it
containing financial statement like, trading and profit & lose account and balance sheet.
234. Bankrupt: A statement in which a firm is unable to meets its obligations and hence, it is
assets are surrendered to court for administration
235. Lease: Lease is a contract between to parties under the contract, the owner of the asset
gives the right to use the asset to the user over an agreed period of the time for a consideration.
236. Opportunity cost: The cost associated with not doing something.
237. Budgeting: The term budgeting is used for preparing budgets and other producer for
planning,co-ordination,and control of business enterprise.
238. Capital: The term capital refers to the total investment of company in money, tangible
and intangible assets. It is the total wealth of a company.
239. Capitalization: It is the sum of the par value of stocks and bonds out standings.
240. Over capitalization: When a business is unable to earn fair rate on its outstanding
securities.
241. Under capitalization: When a business is able to earn fair rate or over rate on it is
outstanding securities.
242. Capital gearing: The term capital gearing refers to the relationship between equity and
long term debt.
243. Cost of capital: It means the minimum rate of return expected by its investment.
244. Cash dividend: The payment of dividend in cash
245. Define the term accrual: Recognition of revenues and costs as they are earned or
incurred. it includes recognition of transaction relating to assets and liabilities as they occur
irrespective of the actual receipts or payments.
245. Accrued expenses: An expense which has been incurred in an accounting period but for
which no enforceable claim has become due in what period against the enterprises.
246. Accrued revenue: Revenue which has been earned is an earned is an accounting period
but in respect of which no enforceable claim has become due to in that period by the enterprise.
247. Accrued liability: A developing but not yet enforceable claim by another person which
accumulates with the passage of time or the receipt of service or otherwise. It may rise from the
purchase of services which at the date of accounting have been only partly performed and are not yet
billable.
248. Convention of Full disclosure: According to this convention, all accounting statements
should be honestly prepared and to that end full disclosure of all significant information will be
made.
249. Convention of consistency: According to this convention it is essential that accounting
practices and methods remain unchanged from one year to another.
250. Define the term preliminary expenses: Expenditure relating to the formation of an
enterprise. There include legal accounting and share issue expenses incurred for formation of the
enterprise.
251. Meaning of Charge: charge means it is a obligation to secure an indebt ness. It may be
fixed charge and floating charge.
 252. Appropriation: It is application of profit towards Reserves and Dividends.
253. Absorption costing: A method where by the cost is determine so as to include the
appropriate share of both variable and fixed costs.
254. Marginal Cost: Marginal cost is the additional cost to produce an additional unit of a
product. It is also called variable cost.

255. What are the ex-ordinary items in the P&L a/c: The transaction which is not related
to the business is termed as ex-ordinary transactions or ex-ordinary items. Egg:- profit or losses on
the sale of fixed assets, interest received from other company investments, profit or loss on foreign
exchange, unexpected dividend received.
256. Share premium: The excess of issue of price of shares over their face value. It will be
showed with the allotment entry in the journal; it will be adjusted in the balance sheet on the
liabilities side under the head of “reserves & surplus”.
257. Accumulated Depreciation: The total to date of the periodic depreciation charges on
depreciable assets.
258. Investment: Expenditure on assets held to earn interest, income, profit or other benefits.
259. Capital: Generally refers to the amount invested in an enterprise by its owner. Ex; paid
up share capital in corporate enterprise.
260. Capital Work In Progress: Expenditure on capital assets which are in the process of
construction as completion.
261. Convertible Debenture: A debenture which gives the holder a right to conversion
wholly or partly in shares in accordance with term of issues.
262. Redeemable Preference Share: The preference share that is repayable either after a
fixed (or) determinable period (or) at any time dividend by the management.
263. Cumulative preference shares: A class of preference shares entitled to payment of
emulates dividends. Preference shares are always deemed to be cumulative unless they are expressly
made non-cumulative preference shares.
264. Debenture redemption reserve: A reserve created for the redemption of debentures at
a future date.
265. Cumulative dividend: A dividend payable as cumulative preference shares which it
unpaid Emulates as a claim against the earnings of a corporate before any distribution is made to the
other shareholders.
266. Dividend Equalization reserve: A reserve created to maintain the rate of dividend in
future years.
267. Opening Stock: The term ‘opening stock’ means goods lying unsold with the
businessman in the beginning of the accounting year. This is shown on the debit side of the trading
account.
268. Closing Stock: The term ‘Closing Stock’ includes goods lying unsold with the
businessman at the end of the accounting year. The amount of closing stock is shown on the credit
side of the trading account and as an asset in the balance sheet.
269. Valuation of closing stock: The closing stock is valued on the basis of “Cost or Market
prices whichever is less” principle.
272. Contingency: A condition (or) situation the ultimate out comes of which gain or loss
will be known as determined only as the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain
future events.
273. Contingent Asset: An asset the existence ownership or value of which may be known
or determined only on the occurrence or non occurrence of one more uncertain future event.
274. Contingent liability: An obligation to an existing condition or situation which may
arise in future depending on the occurrence of one or more uncertain future events.
 275. Deficiency: the excess of liabilities over assets of an enterprise at a given date is called
deficiency.
276. Deficit: The debit balance in the profit and loss a/c is called deficit.
277. Surplus: Credit balance in the profit & loss statement after providing for proposed
appropriation & dividend, reserves.
278. Appropriation Assets: An account sometimes included as a separate section of the
profit and loss statement showing application of profits towards dividends, reserves.
279. Capital redemption reserve: A reserve created on redemption of the average cost: - the
cost of an item at a point of time as determined by applying an average of the cost of all items of the
same nature over a period. When weights are also applied in the computation it is termed as weight
average cost.
280. Floating Change: Assume change on some or all assets of an enterprise which are not
attached to specific assets and are given as security against debt.
281. Difference between Funds flow and Cash flow statement: A Cash flow statement is
concerned only with the change in cash position while a funds flow analysis is concerned with
change in working capital position between two balance sheet dates. A cash flow statement is merely
a record of cash receipts and disbursements. While studying the short-term solvency of a business
one is interested not only in cash balance but also in the assets which are easily convertible into cash.
282. Difference between the Funds flow and Income statement:
A funds flow statement deals with the financial resource required for running the business
activities. It explains how were the funds obtained and how were they used, whereas an income
statement discloses the results of the business activities, i.e., how much has been earned and how it
has been spent. A funds flow statement matches the “funds raised” and “funds applied” during a
particular period. The source and application of funds may be of capital as well as of revenue nature.
An income statement matches the incomes of a period with the expenditure of that period, which are
both of a revenue nature.

Explain Financial Accounting. What are its characteristic features?

Financial Accounting is the process in which business transactions are recorded systematically in the
various books of accounts maintained by the organization in order to prepare financial statements. These
financial statements are basically of two types: First is Profitability Statement or Profit and Loss Account
and second is Balance Sheet.

Following are the characteristics features of Financial Accounting:

1) Monetary Transactions: In financial accounting only transactions in monetary terms are considered.
Transactions not expressed in monetary terms do not find any place in financial accounting, howsoever
important they may be from business point of view.
2) Historical Nature: Financial accounting considers only those transactions which are of historical nature
i.e the transaction which have already taken place. No futuristic transactions find any place in financial
accounting, howsoever important they may be from business point of view.
3) Legal Requirement: Financial accounting is a legal requirement. It is necessary to maintain the
financial accounting and prepare financial statements there from. It is also obligatory to get these financial
statements audited.
4) External Use: Financial accounting is for those people who are not part of decision making process
regarding the organization like investors, customers, suppliers, financial institutions etc. Thus, it is for
external use.
5) Disclosure of Financial Status: It discloses the financial status and financial performance of the
business as a whole.
6) Interim Reports: Financial statements which are based on financial accounting are interim reports and
cannot be the final ones.
7) Financial Accounting Process: The process of financial accounting gets affected due to the different
accounting policies followed by the accountants. These accounting policies differ mainly in two areas:
Valuation of inventory and Calculation of depreciation.

Compare Financial Accounting and Cost Accounting.

1) Financial Accounting protects the interests of the outsiders dealing with the organization e.g
shareholders, creditors etc. Whereas reports of Cost Accounting is used for the internal purpose by the
management to enable the same in discharging various functions in a proper manner.

2) Maintenance of Financial Accounting records and preparation of financial statements is a legal

requirement whereas Cost Accounting is not a legal requirement.

3) Financial Accounting is concerned about the calculation of profits and state of affairs of the
organization as whole whereas Cost accounting deals in cost ascertainment and calculation of profitability
of the individual products, departments etc.

4) Financial Accounting considers only transactions of historical financial nature whereas Cost Accounting
considers not only historical data but also future events.

5) Financial Accounting reports are prepared in the standard formats in accordance with GAAP whereas
Cost accounting information is reported in whatever form management wants

What are the various systems of Accounting? Explain them.

There are two systems of Accounting:

1) Cash System of Accounting: This system records only cash receipts and payments. This system
assumes that there are no credit transactions. In this system of accounting, expenses are considered only
when they are paid and incomes are considered when they are actually received. This system is used by
the organizations which are established for non profit purpose. But this system is considered to be
defective in nature as it does not show the actual profits earned and the current state of affairs of the
organization.
2) Mercantile or Accrual System of Accounting: In this system, expenses and incomes are considered
during that period to which they pertain. This system of accounting is considered to be ideal but it may
result into unrealized profits which might reflect in the books of the accounts on which the organization
have to pay taxes too. All the company forms of organization are legally required to follow Mercantile or
Accrual System of Accounting.

What are the important things to be remembered while preparing a bank reconciliation
statement?

While preparing a bank reconciliation statement following important points need to be remembered:

* Bank Reconciliation Statement is prepared either by starting with the Bank pass book balance or Cash
book balance.
* If the balance of the Cash book is taken as a starting point then Cash book balance is to be adjusted in
accordance with the entries passed in the Bank pass book and vice versa. For example: If the balance is
taken as per the Cash book then the following items will be added:
* Cheques issued but not presented for payment;
* Amount credited in Passbook but not in Cash book;
* Deposits made in the bank directly;
* Wrong credits given by bank;
* Interest credited in the Passbook.

The following items will be subtracted:

* Cheques deposited but not cleared;

* Interest/Bank Charges debited by bank
* Direct payments made by bank not entered in Cash book
* Cheques dishonoured not recorded in cash book
* Wrong debits given by bank
* If it is prepared with the Bank balance as per the bank passbook, then the above procedure will be
reversed i.e the items will be added to the pass book which were deducted from the cash book balance
and those items will be deducted from the bank pass book balance which were added to the cash book
balance.

What is cost accountancy? What are the objects of Cost Accountancy?

Cost accountancy is the application of costing and cost accounting principles, methods and techniques to
the science, art and practice of cost control and the ascertainment of profitability as well as the
presentation of information for the purpose of managerial decision making.

Following are the objects of Cost Accountancy:

-Ascertainment of Cost and Profitability

-Determining Selling Price
-Facilitating Cost Control
-Presentation of information for effective managerial decision
-Provide basis for operating policy
-Facilitating preparation of financial or other statements

What is capitalization? What is its importance?

Capitalization is a term which has different meanings in both financial and accounting context.
Capitalization in accounting means the cost to buy an asset which is included in the price of the asset
whereas in financial terms it is the cost which is required to buy an asset which includes price of a
particular asset and it also include the retained earnings of a company with stock debt and long term
debt. There are two kinds of capitalization which are called as Over-capitalization and another is called as
Under-capitalization. Capitalization is very import aspect in determining the value of the company in the
market which is based on the economic structure of the company. This aspect depends on the previous
records and economics of the company. This also shows a particular behaviour of the companies’
structure and allows them to create a plan to do the marketing.

Budgetary control

What are the advantages of Budgetary Control?

What are the pre-requisites to implement Budgetary Control?
What are the major categories under which budgets are divided?

Basics financial accounting

Explain the following: a)Business Entity Concept b)Dual Aspect Concept c)Going Concern Concept
d)Accounting Period Concept e)Cost Concept f)Money Measurement Concept g)Marketing
Concept................

Expenditures

What are capital expenditures? Is it Ok to consider these expenditures while calculating the profitability of
during a certain period? Explain your answer.
Explain deferred expenditures. How are these expenses dealt with in profitability
statement?.........................

Types of Accounts

Explain Real Accounts. List different accounts consisting real accounts in practical circumstances............
e-HRM interview questions and answers

What is the nature of e-HRM?

What are the implications of e- HRM?
Discuss about e- Recruitment.
List the cautions to be practised while using e – recruitment.
What is e – selection?.......

Manpower Planning - Human Resource Management

Are you involved in manpower planning?

Why it is important for an organization?
What method do you use for Demand forecasting?
What is competency mapping? How you carry on manpower planning in your organization?..........

Job Evaluation - Human Resource Management

What is job evaluation? How job evaluation is different from job description? On what basis job evaluation
should be done? Why job evaluation is carried out in any organization?.......... .

Recent Techniques in Human Resource Management

What is moon lighting? Do you have moonlighting policies in your organization? What are the benefits of
moonlighting policies? Do you think moonlighting should be prohibited? What is employee for
lease?............. .

Compensation - Human Resource Management

What methods are used to pay an employee in an organization? What are the elements of salary? What
perks are included in a salary structure of executives? Are you involved in payroll? What is the
percentage of deduction of PF and ESIC of employer and the employee?......... .

Factories Act 1948 - Human Resource Management

What are the working hours of an adult worker? What is the coverage area of Factories act 1948? Which
authority is responsible for rules formations and enforcement of those rules? When is welfare Officer is
appointed under Factories Act 1958? What are his qualifications and duties? What are the responsibilities
of a welfare officer?.......... .

Human Resource Planning

What do you mean by HRP? What is the purpose of having HRP in an organization? Why do
organizations have demand for human talent at various levels? What problems have you faced during
HRP? Explain trend analysis with example.............
Recruitment and selection - Human Resource Management

What is recruitment and pre recruitment cycle? What do you understand by recruitment strategy? What is
yield ratio and what according to you will be yield ration for a BPO industry? Can you design a referral
scheme for a telesales setup of an Insurance industry?...............

Unions and Management - Human Resource Management

What do you mean by trade union? What are the objectives of trade union? What are the various
functional categories of trade union? What are the various kinds of union structures?..............

Career Development - Human Resource Management

What is career and career development? What are the things which help an individual in career
development? What are the mistakes which an individual should avoid to get ahead?What are the various
tools for career development in an organization? What do you mean by career planning? What are its
objectives?............. .

Collective Bargaining - Human Resource Management

What do you understand by collective bargaining?Why collective bargaining takes place in an

organization? What are the features of collective bargaining? What are the various kind of bargaining?
What may be the substance of bargaining?............ .

Equal employment opportunity - Human Resource Management

What is equal employment opportunity? Which kind of people suffer from discrimination? What may be
the basis for discrimination? What is compulsory to insure as per equal employment opportunity law?
What is the equality of opportunity in matters of public employment? Explain about disability
discrimination in EEO law?..........

Job design and analysis - Human Resource Management

What do you understand by Job design and job redesign? What do you mean by competencies? How will
you differentiate between job enlargement and job enrichment? Justify with any practical example? What
is job analysis? And its process. What is the need of conducting job analysis?............ .

Organization - Human Resource Management

What is an organization? What are the various techniques of organization development? What do you
understand by change in an organization? Who is a change agent? What are the various forces for
change? What managerial actions will you take to handle resistance to changes?............
Performance appraisal - Human Resource Management

What do you mean by Performance appraisal? What are the benefits of performance appraisal to the
employee? Who can be an appraiser? What are the various appraisal factors? What is MBO?...............

Promotion, Transfer, Lay off, Discharge - Human Resource Man

What is promotion and what are the bases of promotion? What is the advantage of promotion? What is
transfer and why an organization choose transfer? What are the various kind of transfers?............

Selection testing and interviewing - Human Resource Management

What is selection test? What is selection interview and give the types of interview? What do understand
by screening Interview? If any selection made by firm is wrong or poor selection, what would be the costs
to the company?.............

Training and Management Development - Human Resource Management

What is training? What is the need of training? What steps would you follow to conduct training program?
How many kind of training programs are there? What is apprentice training program and simulation?
What is the difference between coaching and mentoring?...........

Discipline - Human Resource Management

Which factors are required for an effective disciplinary action? Which approach would you recommend to
maintain the employee discipline? What are the basic objectives of the Code of Discipline in an industry?
To ensure better discipline in an industry, on which points does Management & Union agree?............ .

Grievance Handling - Human Resource Management

What do you understand by Grievance? According to you, under which conditions can a grievance arise?
Which approach would you recommend for the managers to use to manage the grievance effectively?
Does an effective grievance redressal ensure healthy work environment? Role of managers in grievance
handling............. .

Individual and group incentive schemes - Human Resource Management

Should Incentives be a part of Remuneration? Do you think that incentives can portray any
disadvantages? How should a group incentive scheme be designed for a team? Explain the process.
What suggestions would you give if an incentive scheme fails?............ .
Leadership - Human Resource Management

What is leadership ? Does it benefit the organization? How would you describe an autocratic & a
Narcisstic leadership style? Does a team require a leader to accomplish its tasks? Which are the 3 levels
of Leadership Model?............. .

Motivation - Human Resource Management

How do you motivate underperforming team members? Tell me about the time when you had to motivate
an entire team to perform better. Have you ever faced a sense of Inequity? How was it restored? Do you
think Rewards play a better role as Motivators?..........

Organizational Development - Human Resource Management

Is there a need of Organizational Development (OD)? Can you suggest few core values of Organizational
Development? Describe the relationship between OD & HR. How can you improve organization’s
effectiveness through OD? What are its features?.............. .

Participative Management - Human Resource Management

Do you think Participative Management is effective for an organization? What according to you, is
participation through Collective Bargaining? Can employee attrition rate be reduced through participative
management? Participative Management style is better than the Autocratic style of Management.
Comment.............

Raj Kumar said: (Sun, Aug 30, 2015 10:59:30 PM)

Hi sir/madam.

First of all I would like to tell thank to you to to given this opportunity to introduce my self in front
of you. I am Raj Kumar I am pursuing my b tech finally year in BVRIT at Narsapur in the stream
of ECE with an aggregate of 70%. I did my +2 from Sri Chaitayna Junior Kalasala at Kukatpally
with 93% and I did my schooling from govt high school at Kukatpally in Hyderabad with 86%.

Till now I did three projects and two intern ships in different places on different occasions.

Coming to family consists of 6 members including me my father is a private employee and my

 mother is a house wife I have two younger brothers and one sister they all are doing schooling.

My strengths are believing my self, hard working, quick learner and trust on peoples.

My hobbies are watching movies, listening music and some times reading news paper.

My short time goal is to become a part of family in reputed organizations like you and my long
time goal is to success in my both personal and professional life.

That's all. Thank you.

View Comments(3) | Your comments please ... | +129 -34

Arjun said: (Sun, Aug 30, 2015 10:53:32 PM)

Good Morning Sir/Madam,

I am Nagarjuna, I hire from Guntur.

About My qualifications:

I completed my graduation at Guntur Engineering College in the stream of Mechanical

Engineering. I completed my intermediate at Sri chaitanya junior college is on Guntur. I
completed my SSC from ZPHS Chinakondrupadu.

I have basic knowledge of Microsoft office and Auto Cad.

No comments yet | Your comments please ... | +17 -28

Manjeet said: (Sun, Aug 30, 2015 08:05:41 PM)

My hobby is dancing and listening out with friends my father is government job.

No comments yet | Your comments please ... | +7 -56

Amro Alshwabkeh said: (Sun, Aug 30, 2015 05:26:58 PM)

Hello sir.
 First I would like to thank you for giving me opportunity to introduce myself in front of you.

My name is Amro and I'm from Jordan, I'm 25 years old.

I have complete bachelor's degree in Computer Science from the University of Jordan in 2013. I
am currently studying master's degree in Computer Science at ZU.

I have 2 years and half working experience in purchasing Field and I will prove myself when
opportunity are comes.

I am currently working in Suez Environment Company. It is a multinational and non-profit

Organization. The primary goal is to purify waste-water and make it safe to drink.

Now coming to my family: We are 7 members including with me. My father is a professor and my
mom is a Pharmaceutical. I am elder son in my family; we are four boys and one girl.

I will tell you briefly about my hobbies and strengths and weaknesses.

Firstly I have many hobbies but I'll try to mention the most important,

My hobbies are listening music, Reading world news through social networking and breeding dogs
and cats.

Secondly my strength points are I am hard worker and quick learner and you can count on me
and if you don't believe that you can try me.

Thirdly and finally my weakness is I trust every one easily even I meet that person at first time.

My short term goal is placed in a reputed organization like yours. My long term goal is to be a
respectable position in that organization.

That's all about me.

Thank you for listening and have a nice day.

No comments yet | Your comments please ... | +37 -17

Nikitha Pandey said: (Sun, Aug 30, 2015 01:32:32 PM)

I am Nikitha. I am pursuing B.Sc final year. My greatest achievement so far is being the topper of
the college. I use all my ability to give the best. Apart from academic qualifications I have
received first price in inter-school dance competition and also a certificate in drawing competition.
Though dancing and drawing are not my profession, my achievements tell me that if I am focused
on a particular thing then I can do wonders. That is all about me sir.
 Thank you.

No comments yet | Your comments please ... | +10 -14

Prahlad Vaishnav said: (Sun, Aug 30, 2015 10:18:08 AM)

Its my pleasure to introduce myself in front of you. I am Prahlad Vaishnav from Indore. I am
pursuing Bachelor of Engineering from BIRT, Bhopal. Currently I am in 7th semester in electronics
and communication stream. I have done my schooling from CBSE board with first division. I have
done my vocational training in advanced telecom from BSNL.

Also I have done programming language c/c++ from certified institute. I have knowledge on voice
and data communication. My strengths are I am flexible to adopt conditions, positive, reliable and
confident. The area of mine which I think requires improvement are I am impatient and to
overcome this I am doing yoga regularly.

My leisure pursuits are playing carrom, do mimicry and updating knowledge in cricket. My family
consist of five members including me my parents and grandparents. My quick destination in I
want to start my career with well reputed company like yours while my final destination is I want
to become a key person and have a respectable position on basis of skills and experience. That's
all about me.

Thank you.

No comments yet | Your comments please ... | +25 -4

Gunevoni Naveen Kumar said: (Sat, Aug 29, 2015 06:15:19 PM)

Good morning sir/madam.

First of all I would like to say thanks for providing the opportunity to introduce about.

Myself in front of you.

My name is G. Naveen Kumar. I'm from Mahaboobnagar, Telangana. Currently I'm coming from
Shamshabad.

Coming to my qualification.

I'm pursuing B-Tech in Vardhaman College of Engineering in EEE stream with an aggregate of
75%, I have done my intermediate in Prathibha Junior College, Mahaboobnagar with an aggregate
 of 92.6%, I did my schooling in Siddartha high school, Kodangal with an aggregate of 68%.

Coming to my strength:

I'm friendly towards others, sincere.

I have patience.
I will work in any environment.
I never tell a lie.
Honest and punctual to my work.
Positive attitude.

My weaknesses are:

Communication skills that which I am trying to improve day by day.

Never say no to help.

I don't argue with criticizers I just leave.

I easily trust people and helping them.

My hobbies are playing cricket, needy people help, cooking. I like making friends.

My short term goal is to place in reputed company is like yours.

My long term goal is to become a successful person in my life and to develop my village.

Come to my family we are 6 members including me. My father is a farmer and my mother is
house wife. I have one elder brother, one younger brother and sister.

Thank you sir/madam.

Financial services provided by finance companies include insurance, housing financing, mutual funds, credit
reporting, debt collection, stock broking, portfolio management, and investment advisory.

List of top 10 financial services companies in India

Find below a comprehensive list of top financial services companies in India.

SBI Capital Markets Limited:

This happens to be the oldest organizations in the sphere of capital markets in India. Established in 1986 in the
form of an ancillary of SBI, they have ranked second in Asia's Project Advisory services. The company is a
traiblazer in privatization and securitization. The subsidiaries of SBI Capital Markets are SBICAPs Ventures
Ltd., SBICAP Trustee Co.Ltd. and many others.

Bajaj Capital Limited:

One of the major financial services companies in India, Bajaj Capital offers best investment advisory and
financial planning services. The services are meted out to the institutional investors, NRIs, corporate houses,
individual investors, high network clients as well.

DSP Merrill Lynch Limited:

A major player in the equity and debt market in India, DSP Merrill Lynch offers financial advises to varied
corporations and institutions. With an array of wealth management and investor services, their services are
customized in a manner that they meet every investor requirement.

Birla Global Finance Limited:

The subsidiary of Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd., this company has operations in the corporate finance and capital
market arena. An alliance with Sun Life Financial of Canada, they have given birth to Birla Sun Life Insurance
Co Ltd., Birla Sun Life Distribution Co. and alike.

Housing Development Finance Corporation:

A best financial solution for home loans, NRI loans, HDFC is the one stop destination for personal finance.
With overseas branches in Singapore, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and many others, HDFC has been going
great guns every year.

PNB Housing Finance Limited:

This company offers premium solutions for relieving the borrower segment. The Home Loan Life Insurance
Plan of this has come in conjunction with TATA AIG, with the lowest premium when compared to the peers.

ICICI Group:

Wide arena of financial products and services, ICICI Group has solutions like InstaBanking, Online Trading,
Insta Insure, ICICI Bank imobile etc. Providing high class financial services in all segments of the society,
ICICI Group deals with Mutual Fund, Private Equity, Securities, and Life Insurance etc.

LIC Finance Limited:

It is the biggest Housing Finance Company in India, providing finance to individuals for repair or construction
or renovation of any old or new apartment or house.

L & T Finance Limited:

Established in 1994 by the Larsen and Turbo group, this has become a significant name in the financial sector.
Funds for automobiles, Agricultural Instruments, secured loans; they have all types of loans for a long tenure.

Karvy Group:
With Mutual Funds Services, Depository Services, Debt Market Services, Investment Banking and many
others, Karvy Group has spanned across the domestic financial sector as well as abroad - See more at:
http://business.mapsofindia.com/finance/top-10-financial-services-companies-in-
india.html#sthash.A3guLaEI.dpuf