ABSTRACT

WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

Generally, water stored in overhead tank is wasted due to over flow ,when the tank is full.
Water level alarm using micro-controllers. Three circuits were shown here are simple and
built using transistors, 555 timer and ULN2003 IC. First let us build a water level alarm using
simple transistor.

Components Required
 BC548 transistors-Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4
 Resistors R1,R2,R3,R4-2.2kohms
 R5, R6 ,R7 – 100 ohm
 Led – Red(LED3) , Green(LED1) , Yellow(LED2)
 Metal Contacts – M1,M2,M3,M4

Circuit Diagram

Working
  The circuit is designed to indicate three levels of water stored in the tank: low
but not empty, half and full but not overflowing.
 When there is no water in the tank, all the LEDs are off as an indication that the
tank is completely empty.
 When water level increases and reaches M2, the contacts M1 and M2 get
shorted as water acts as a conducting medium between M1 and M2.
 This will turn on the transistor Q1 and the Green LED starts to glow. As the
water level continues to rise and reaches half the tank, M3 will come into
contact with water and receives a small voltage from M1.
 As a result, Q2 is turned on and Yellow LED will glow. When the water in the
tank rises to full tank, M4 is also shorted with M1 and both Q3 and Q4 will turn
on.
 The Red LED glows and also an alarm is made by the buzzer as an indication
that the tank is full and the water pump or motor can be turned off.

Abstract by

Rasala Naveen

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