A.

EXPERIMENT: GATHERED DATA

BROAD CRESTED WEIR

Y Distance (mm) X Distance (mm) L Length
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 X3 X4 (mm)
34.8 1.9 3.8 10.3 8.3 17.9 9.6
39.5 2.8 5.6 15.0 9.2 17.9 8.6
45.1 7.5 9.4 20.7 9.1 17.9 8.7
50.8 8.5 11.3 23.5 8.9 17.9 8.9
CRUMP WEIR
Y Distance (mm) X Distance (mm) L Length
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 X3 X4 (mm)
30.1 1.9 0.9 13.2 8.1 17.9 9.8
39.5 3.8 2.8 11.3 9.2 17.9 8.6
45.1 6.6 7.5 22.6 11.7 17.9 6.2
50.8 9.4 12.2 23.5 12.9 17.9 5.0

𝐿 = 𝑥4 − 𝑥3

BROAD CRESTED WEIR

PRESSURE TIME (sec) FLOW RATE
P1 P2 P3 P4 T1 T2 T3 Average (V=0.005 L)
5.6 31.0 21.6 3.8 46.4 46.3 44.7 45.8 0.000109
5.4 28.2 24.4 1.9 27.1 26.6 27.2 27.0 0.000185
5.6 30.1 24.4 5.6 21.9 21.5 21.8 21.7 0.000230
5.6 30.1 26.3 7.5 15.6 15.4 15.6 15.5 0.000322
CRUMP WEIR
PRESSURE TIME FLOW RATE
P1 P2 P3 P4 T1 T2 T3 Average (V=0.005 L)
5.6 30.1 16.9 10.3 111.3 108.5 113.2 111.0 0.000045
5.6 31.0 26.3 12.2 49.1 52.7 52.8 51.5 0.000097
6.6 41.4 30.1 11.3 21.7 21.5 21.8 21.7 0.000231
7.5 47.0 33.8 15.0 12.5 13.2 13.0 12.9 0.000388

𝑉 0.005𝐿ൗ1000
𝑄= =
𝑡 𝑡
 A. EXPERIMENT: CALCULATIONS
CRUMP WEIR
Part A

CRUMP WEIR 𝑄
FLOW RATE Critical Depth Critical
3 𝑄 ( ൗ𝑦 (1))2
𝑦𝑐 = 𝐸𝑐 = 𝑦𝑐 + 4
(V=0.005 L) (yc) Energy (Ec) 𝑔𝐵2 2(9.81)
0.000045 0.017 0.023
0.000097 0.021 0.059
0.000231 0.029 0.082 *Assuming a 1 meter width
0.000388 0.034 0.173

Part B
FLOW RATE y (theoretical
E E1 E2
(V=0.005 L) depths in m)
0.000045 0.12 0.126 0.1211433 0.412678
0.000097 0.14 0.178 0.1430778 0.479333
0.000231 0.16 0.213 0.173313 0.785985
0.000388 0.18 0.319 0.2097761 1.04827

(𝑄ൗ𝑦(1))2 (𝑄ൗ𝑦 (1))2

𝐸 = 𝑦𝑐 + 1 (𝑄ൗ𝑦 (1))2
2(9.81) 𝐸1 = 𝑦𝑐 + 2
2(9.81) 𝐸2 = 𝑦𝑐 +
2(9.81)
y/yc E/yc E1/yc E2/yc
5.31 5.58 5.36 18.26
2.37 3.00 2.42 8.10
1.95 2.60 2.12 9.60
1.04 1.84 1.21 6.06

20.00
18.00
16.00
14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
5.31 2.37 1.95 1.04

E/yc E1/yc E2/yc

 A. EXPERIMENT: CALCULATIONS
CRUMP WEIR

The graph has been generated by determining the values of the ratios of the
2 specific energy to the critical depth. The critical specific energy, energy at point 1,
ൗ and energy at point 2 were used. The x coordinate is the ratio of the theoretical depth
to the critical depth while the ordinates are the ratios of the specific energy to the
critical depth. And from these, the curve was formed.

Equipment used
Hydraulic Bench
Crump Weir
Ruler

Experimental Setup
To be able to start the experiment, the crump weir was placed within the open channel of the
hydraulic bench within 800 mm from the free falling surface. With the water flowing in a certain
flow rate, the depths of water within four points were measured.

Part C and E.

y4/y3 Force (kg Froude's Number Force

y4/y3 (exp) Fr
(theo) cm/s^2) 𝑣
14.00 0.301 14.307 49.48 𝐹𝑟 = 𝐹 = 𝑃𝐴
4.00 0.818 4.621 21.21 𝑔𝑦
3.00 0.687 3.461 127.24
1.92 1.087 1.527 176.72

15.0 15.0

10.0 10.0

5.0 5.0

0.0 0.0
0.301 0.818 0.687 1.087 0.301 0.818 0.687 1.087

y4/y3(exp) vs Fr y4/y3(theo) vs Fr

Part D.

Based on the calculated results and graphs, the values of the ratio of y4/yr both in theoretical
and exerimental are almost equal with certain percentage of discrepancies. Thus, the
experiment can be considered as reliable but still needs more improvement since it must be as
accurate as possible.

Possible sources of errors in this kind of experiment are mostly human errors especially in
measuring distances which are almost incremental in size. Another possible source of error
might be present on the equipment as they are not one hundred percent reliable sa what the
theories and principles say.
 A. EXPERIMENT: CALCULATIONS
BROAD CRESTED WEIR

Energy Loss in each jump

BROAD CRESTED WEIR
FLOW
Energy Loss
Drage
(𝑄ൗ𝑦 (1))2
RATE Coefficient 𝐸= 4
0.000109 0.057 0.61632447 2(9.81)
0.000185 0.078 0.661832475
0.000230 0.063 0.503648578 Drag Coefficient
0.000322 0.096 0.56982172
𝑄 = 𝐶𝐿𝐻 3/2

C. Conclusion

By comparing the data and the results of the experiment, we can say that both has
performed their functions well. As seen in the tables, we can see clearly that the exiting
flow rate in the crump weir is much higher than the broad-crested weir. Their distances
were near each other in every trial, but the pressures are quite different at point 3 and
point 4, where point 4 directly shows a large discrepancy in the pressure.

D. Suggestion

Based on the exerpiment, it is better to use a broad crested-weir since it produces a

greater amount of discharge which is needed in an irrigration system. Also, based on the
experiment, a crump weir is more accurate as it gives a pattern of its flow, the lesser the
jump, the slower the flow rate.

E. Comments on Use of Hydraulic Jumps

Utilization of hydraulic jumps is a very smart technique to reduce the energy in open
channel flows. This technique is much more economical compared to using different
machineries and echnologies
 B. SOFTWARE: CACLULATIONS
A.
The spreadsheet was created based on the formulas and step by step procedures given.
With all the values given and computed, the first row was copied and pasted throught the
bottom considering that some cells are locked. The height started from 1.5, and ended until
1.7 with an increment of 0.001. It is desired to stop the iteration process unti the Sfmean = 0,
but then it will really create a big data which is not accepted by the program that's why the
iteration process was cut when y = 1.7.

D. Graphs

E. Final Answer on Length

x = 1.002 m
 B. SOFTWARE: CACLULATIONS

B. Two Calculations
B. SOFTWARE: CACLULATIONS
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