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bulk density, voids, porosity, moisture content and bulking. strength, compressive strength, A1 & B1 is constant x is w/c ratio by weight
particle shape, specific gravity, bulk density, voids, porosity, moisture
content and bulking. strength, particle shape, specific gravity, bulk Classification of concrete- based on cementing materials: lime
density, voids, porosity, moisture content and bulking. concrete, gypsum and cement concrete. Based on density: super heavy
(over 2500 kg/m3), dense (1800-2500 kg/m3), light weight (500–1800
Testing of aggregate-Particle size distribution T, Flakiness index and kg/m3) and extra light weight concrete (below 500 kg/m3), Based on
elongation index T, Deleterious materials and organic impurities test, place of casting- pre-cast and cast in situ.
Specific gravity and water absorption test, bulk density and void test,
Advantages of Concrete over other Materials of construction- it can
bulking T, crushing value test(ACV), ten per cent fines test, Aggregate be manufactured to desired strength and durability with economy, It
Impact Vale test(AIV), Aggregate abrasion Value test (AAV) can be cast to any desired shape, Maintenance cost of concrete
structures is almost negligible, concrete does not deteriorate
Types of preservations- Oil type preservatives, Organic solvent appreciably with age.
preservatives, Acetic anhydride treatment, Water soluble preservatives
are odorless organic or inorganic salts and are adopted for inside Slump Degree of Use for which concrete is suitable
locations only. value inch workability
0-1 Very low Precast and vibrated concrete works in roads and
piles (vibrated by power operated machine)
1-2 low Road works (vibrated by hand operated machine),
Mass concrete in foundation (without vibration),
lightly reinforced section (with vibration)
2-4 Medium Slabs (manually compacted), Normal reinforced
concrete (manually compacted), Heavily
reinforced sections (with vibration)
High For sections with congested reinforcement (Not
normally suitable for vibration)