Cordial saludo tutora y compañeros

Hago mí a porte de la traducción

Muchas gracias

In March 2009, a spill of oil contaminated a considerable part of the Tibú River and caused
serious problems to about 14,500 inhabitants of the urban area of Tibú, in Norte de
Santander, who were left without the potable water service. The fact occurred after
unknown persons caused damage to the pipeline, when trying to extract crude illegally.

Every day we have news of environmental pollution caused by oil spills, whether caused by
criminal hands as illegal armed groups that want to draw the attention of the state, as
happened in Tumaco Nariño, where the blasting of the Trasandino Oil Pipeline was
registered. Hands of the Farc, which caused the spill of about 410 thousand gallons of crude
oil. Also, by people from the same community who, when trying to take advantage of the
passage of the pipes through which this type of material is transported and handcrafted,
break the transmission lines and cause damage, events that occurred in Tibú, in Norte de
Santander. The fact occurred after unknown cause damage to the pipeline, trying to extract
crude illicitly, in the same way the deposits that are out of service, more due to lack of
preventive and continuous maintenance of the companies have leaks of material North of
Villavicencio, in the Buena vista Forest Reserve, when 42 barrels of oil from a tanker of the
Central Oil Pipeline (Ocensa) in the Gulf of Morisquillo fell into the sea.

If we see what has been described above, the greatest environmental damage generated by
these adversities is shown, regardless of the causes that originate it, since all this spilled
material always reaches drinking water tributaries, from where rural and urban
communities take it for your consumption It is specified that the contamination of this type
of products, such as crude, is very difficult to control, despite the work that can be done
once the spill is made, as it is a highly volatile material, with chemical characteristics and
properties difficult to remove in the presence of water. The pollution of the oil is based on
the current lines of the pipes and deposits that the different companies have for their
storage, plus the contamination not only occurs in water affectation, but also in lands where
it spills, ending with the natural ecosystem, that it is almost impossible to remove it once it
contaminates the soil, eliminating organic and vegetal matter, as well as fauna that has
contact with it, leaving a large footprint where pollution is generated contaminates.

The contamination process occurs because the raw material causes an impermeable film
that quickly affects the fauna, also preventing gas exchange and the passage of sunlight,
essential elements for photosynthesis and phytoplankton in the waters, as well as the
consumption of water. Water or already contaminated plants generates tract in animals.
Poisoning and obstructions in the respiratory poisoning

Likewise, the contamination of crude oil completely harms human activities, especially
fishing and agriculture, since it is not possible to consume food once contaminated. Now in
the field of water consumption is impossible, because there is currently a chemical capable
of removing traces of raw material in the water, causing nearby populations or that are
supplied with contaminated water cannot consume, being a risk for health, having to source
from alternate sources of water that are not contaminated by oil, more once the spill is
present and the system is contaminated, an intensive treatment must be carried out to purify
it and put it into operation, in order to erase traces of crude in the plants and distribution
systems, procedure that delays and that must be done with a large amount of chemicals and
arriving at long-term procedures, for cleaning in order to provide the service to the
community.
The fact of contamination is not only at the time of the oil spill, but also the estimated time
to recover the area affected by the spill, as it is cataloged in no less than a decade, for a
possible recovery, noting also that this time the area was under observation of cleaning
processes and especially control of expansion of pollution, well things for years, is a long
time in which our ecosystems recover and with the possibility that they are affected in all
their sustainable development , because they will not find the nutrients in the soil and water
for an effective natural reconstruction process. That is when the area can be recovered,
making the cleaning and control efforts by delimiting the irrigated crude through barriers
and machinery; more when its total recovery is not possible, the impact caused in the
ecosystem is total, since this zone is highly contaminated and the death of living species
begins, limiting the contaminated areas.

The effort that many make in the protection of the environment is inexhaustible, since it is
estimated that there is a daily oil spill in the country, either by the means initially described,
these efforts result in the call for attention to the operating companies of crude, so that they
are designed to avoid the spill of this material that is highly toxic and deadly for our
ecosystem. We cannot deny that crude oil spills unfortunately contaminate the waters
initially, because our topography is linked to effluents and water sources that are initially
contaminated and this transports them low to expand the presence zones. Spilled oil, as well
as affected territory.