LESSON PLAN

Subject : Biology
Date (Day) : 13 JULY 2010 (Tuesday)
Class : Form 4 Science 1
Time : 07:40am – 09:00am
Theme : Investigating The Physiology of Living Things
Topic : 2.0 Respiration
Subtopic : 2.2 Analysing The Respiratory Structures and Breathing
Mechanisms in Human and Animals
Prior Knowledge : Students have learned the function of the lung in
respiration which provides living organisms with energy.
Students also learned about two types of respiration that
are the aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
Purpose : In this subtopic, student will know about the respiratory
structure of living organisms and the structure that
enhance the efficiency of respiration. Student also will
learn the mechanism of breathing.
Objectives : By the end of the lesson, student will be able to:
1. State and describe the respiratory structures in
human and some animals

Teaching Strategies
Teaching Tools and Materials
Moral Values
KBKK
2. Describe the characteristic and make inferences on
various adaptations of the respiratory structures
3. Describe the characteristic of the respiratory
surface in human and other organisms
4. Describe and explain the breathing mechanism in
human and other organisms.
5. Able to compare and contrast the human
respiratory system with that of other organisms.
: Inquiry Learning, Constructivism, Discussion, Chalk and Talk
: Laptop, Powerpoint Presentation, Video, Worksheet, Cubic
Model, Respiration Model, Whiteboard and Marker Pen
: There are some moral values that can be integrated in this
lesson:
1. Being cooperative
2. Having critical and analytical thinking
3. Being systematic
4. Being cooperative
5. Daring to try
6. Being confident and independent
: Comparing and Contrasting, Generating Ideas, Relating,
making Inferences and Visualizing.
Steps/duration Teaching and Learning activities
Contents Learning Activities TTM/ Method Skills
(Adegan
(Isi Pelajaran) Teaching activities (Teacher)
pengajaran) (Students)

Induction Set Exposing student Teacher asks students to list Students list down or name a Laptop Observing
about the respiration down a few animals they know few animals that they know
(5 minutes) LCD Classifying
process of other living
Teacher show the student a Students observe the diagram
things. Whiteboard Making inferences
diagram of a few animals such projected on the screen and
as human, lion, tiger, bird, named the animal shown. Marker pen
frogs, snails, worms and fish.
Students answer the Diagram
Teacher asks students a few questions by encircling the
questions: animals that having the same
breathing mechanism like
1. Do you think these
human.
animals breathing?
2. Can you circle the Students gives the reason for
animals that have the those chosen animals.
same breathing
mechanism like
human?
3. What make you think
that these animal
having the same
breathing mechanism
like human?

Teacher related the answer

given by the student with the
respiratory structure of the
human.
2.2 Respiratory 2.2.1 State and Teacher divides students in to Students moves into a few Laptop Attributing
Structures and describe the a few groups of 5 members. groups of five members.
LCD Generating ideas
Breathing respiratory structures
Teacher distributes a piece of Students draw or illustrate
Mechanisms in human and some A4 paper Visualising
A4 paper to each groups the inner structure of human
animals
(65 minutes) lung on the A4 paper A4 paper with Making decision
Teacher asks student to
(20 minutes) provided. diagram
illustrate a drawing of inner
structure of human lung. Students moves around and Whiteboard
to –up the part of the lung
Teacher asks each group to Marker pens
which is not complete.
compares and contrasts the
lung they had drawn and make Student look on the diagram
the most complete drawing. projected by the teacher and
sent a representative from
Then, teacher show a diagram
their group to complete
of human inner lung and asks
labelled the diagram.
a representative from each
group to label one of the Students listen to teacher
structure on the diagram. explanation about the inner
structure of human lung.
Teacher re – list the inner
structure of the human lung
again.

After that, teacher gives each
group a different diagram of
different animal respiratory
system. Each of the diagrams
has some empty spaces that
require student to fill up.
After that, teacher asks a
representative from each
group to present the animal
respiratory structure to whole
Student study the respiratory Laptop Attributing
structure of different animal
A4 paper with Generating ideas
in the diagram given by
diagram
teacher. Visualising
LCD
Students draw up the empty Making inferences
space in the diagram Whiteboard
provided to each group.
Marker pens
After completing the
diagram, student present
their complete diagram of
 class. different animal lung
structure in front of the class.
Teacher listens to the
presentation and corrects the Students listen to the extra
student if there is any mistake. information given by the
teacher.
Teacher adds up the
information which is not
complete.

2.2.2 Describe the Teacher explains the Students listen to teacher Laptop Synthesizing
characteristic and characteristic of the structure explanation and jot down the
important points LCD Visualizing
make inferences on of the lungs.
various adaptations of Whiteboard Relating
the respiratory Teacher describes the
structures adaptation of the lung Marker pens
structure:
4 units of 1cm3
1. Large surface area cubic for each
2.2.3 Describe the 2. Wet surface groups
3. Thin surface
characteristic of the 1 unit of 8cm3
4. Webs of capillaries
respiratory surface in system cubic for each
groups
human and other
Teacher asks students to Students answer the teacher
organisms determine whether larger or question and gives reason for
smaller objects will increase the answer given
(25minutes) the efficiency of the
respiration process.

Teacher asks students to Students explain how the

explain how the alveoli alveoli increase the surface
increase the total surface area. area of the respiratory
surface
Teacher provides each of
groups student four cubic of
1cm3 and a larger cubic of
8cm3.
Teacher asks students to
calculate the total surface area of the cubic and try to make
of the four cubic and the
larger cubic.
Teacher explains that for the
same volume, smaller objects
will have a larger surface area.
Students calculate the total
surface area of the four cubic
and the one larger cubic.
Students make comparison
about the total surface area
conclusion from the activities.
Students listen to teacher
explanation.

Teacher ask a few more Students tried to answer the

questions: question given by teacher
before teacher projects the
1. What will happen if the
answer.
alveoli surface is more
than one layer of cell?
2. Why must the alveoli
have a wet surface?
3. Why gaseous
absorption cannot
function efficiently if
there is no a web of
capillaries?
4. Can anyone list down
the four characteristic
of the alveoli again for
the class?

Teacher use powerpoint Students look and listen to

presentation to teach and teacher presentations
explain the other respiratory
system and structure of the
 mammals, birds, amphibian,
fishes, insects, worms and
some of the unicellular
organisms.
2.2.4 Describe and Teacher demonstrates the
human breathing mechanism
explain the breathing
by using the glass flask with
mechanism in human two balloons in it.
and other organisms.
Teacher press the diaphragm
(15minutes) and explain how the air was
breath in and out from the
lung.
Teacher enhances the
students understanding by
providing a video clips on the
mechanism of breathing.
Teacher also shows a few
video about the mechanism of
breathing of other organisms
in the terrestrials and fishes.
Teacher emphasis on the
breathing mechanisms of the
fishes as they are different
from terrestrial animals.
Students carefully observe Laptop Attributing
teacher’s demonstration.
LCD Analysing
They try to work on the
model themselves. Whiteboard Evaluating
Student relates teacher Marker pen Generating ideas
explanation with the
Powerpoint Predicting
mechanism they seen.
presentation
Making hypothesis
Students watch the video
carefully while listening to Conceptualizing
teacher explanation.
Students learn about the
other organism breathing
mechanism
Students learn how the fish
take in oxygen from the
water.
 2.2.5 Able to compare Teacher gives a brief summary Students try to recall back Laptop Communication skill
and contrast the about the lesson of the day. what they had learnt.
LCD Analyzing
human respiratory
Teacher asks the student to Students complete the table
system with that of Whiteboard Interpreting
complete the worksheet given. in the worksheet given by
other organisms.
teacher. Worksheet
The worksheet provided will
(5 minutes)
compare and contrast the Students hand in the
respiratory system of human worksheet to teacher.
and other organisms
Students discuss the answer
Teacher collect the worksheet with teacher.
to further evaluate the
understanding of the students

Teacher discusses the answer

with the students

Conclusion Summary of the Teacher ask a few question: A few students answer Making conclusion
structure of the teacher’s questions.
(10 minutes) 1. Can you tell me
respiratory system of
whether the larger or Students discuss the
human, the
smaller objects will questions and listen as
adaptation of the
enhance the gaseous teacher summarizes the
respiratory surface of
exchange? lesson of the day.
human and other
2. How can a smaller
organisms, the
object have a larger
breathing mechanism
surface area?
of human and other
3. What are the
organisms.
adaptations of the
human respiratory
system?

Evaluation Teacher ask students to Students complete the

complete the homeworks homework individually to
and a few question in the hand in on the next lesson.
text book to hand in on the
next lesson.