NEET JEE 2019

Coordination
Compounds
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NEET JEE 2019
Coordination
Full Theory in 1 Video
By Arvind Arora
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By Arvind Arora
E.A.N (Effective Atomic Number)
Effective atomic number (EAN), number that represents the
total number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of a metal
atom in a metal complex.
+4 x –6 –4
1) K4[Fe(CN)6] x–6 = – 4,
x = +2
Number of electrons in Fe = 26
Number of electrons in Fe2+ = 24
Number of electrons donated by six ligands = 12
Total electrons around central metal ion = 24 + 12 = 36
Fe attains noble gas Configuration. Hence, it is stable
By Arvind Arora
Example : +3
Werner's Theory [Co(NH3)6]Cl3
Metal can possess two kind of valences: Primary 3
Valence
Secondary 6
1) Primary Valence:
Valence
➢ This is responsible for the charge It means ligand
on C.M.A ( Ionisable valence) don’t dissociate in solution
2) Secondary valency :
➢ It determines the no. of ligand attached to C.M.A.
➢ It is Non – Ionisable valence (Covalent Bond)
Primary valency Ionisable represented by (……) type bond
Secondary valency Non ionisable represented by ( ) type bond
By Arvind Arora

Example :
(I) [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 How many ions this complex will
Cl liberate in water?
NH3
H 3N NH3
Co Cl
H 3N
NH3
Cl NH3

Four ions will be liberated i.e. 3 Cl– and [Co(NH3)6]3+

By Arvind Arora
Valence Bond Theory(VBT)
Valence Bond (VB) Theory looks at the interaction between atoms to explain
chemical bonds. It is one of the three common theories that helps describe the
bonding between atoms. The other two theories are the Molecular Orbital
Theory and the Crystal Field Theory.

Ligands
Before starting problems
some important
Strong Average Weak concept about Ligands
Ligands Ligands Ligands
By Arvind Arora
Strong Ligands Note: C-Donor>N-Donor>O-Donor
❖ Good e– Donor
❖ It will always pair the unpaired
e–s in the CMA
❖ Example : CO, –CN

Average Ligands
❖ Avg e– Donor
❖ It can act as weak as well as
strong ligands
❖ Example : NO2–, en, H2O, NH3 , EDTA4-,
–
SCN , –OH
By Arvind Arora
Weak Ligands

❖ Poor e– Donor
❖ Never pair unpaired electrons
❖ Example : X–(Halogens) F –, Cl –, Br –, I –, S2–, SCN–

Properties

i) Hybridisation
ii) Magnetic Moment
iii) Spin Multiplicity
iv) Magnetic Nature
By Arvind Arora
Q. Find out the complex formed when Nickel is heated with CO gas.
CO(g)
Ni
Blue flame

Find out the following properties of the complex :

i) Hybridisation
ii) Magnetic Moment
iii) Spin Multiplicity
iv) Nature
By Arvind Arora

CO(g)
Ni Ni(CO)4
Blue flame

Ni28 = [Ar] 3d8 4s2 4po

CO is Strong Field
Ligand

Ni28 = [Ar] 3d 4so 4po

sp3
By Arvind Arora
i) Hybridization = sp3
ii) Magnetic moment = √ n (n + 2)
= √ 0 (0 + 2)
= 0
iii) Spin multiplicity = 2S + 1
= 2 (0) + 1
= 1
iv) Nature : Diamagnetic

All the e– s are paired up

By Arvind Arora
NH3 is stronger ligand than H2O

More the Electronegativity, lower the donation

of electron and less strong field

NH3 is a average ligand

Behave as S.F.L Behave as W.F.L

For Cd, Co, Fe, Cu For Rest all metals

H2O will always behave as

W.F.L
By Arvind Arora
Octahedral (Monodentate) Consider all the possibilities
of octahedral complex
Types of Optical Geometrical
complex isomerism isomerism
MA6 × ×
MA5B × ×
MA4B2 × √ (Cis, trans)
MA3B3 × √ (fac, mer)
MA2B2C2 √ × √ (cis, trans)

MABCDEF √ √
By [Ni(NH
Arvind ) ]Arora
3 6
2+

Ni28 = [Ar] 3d8 4s2 4p0

Ni+2 = [Ar] 3d8 4s 4p

[Ni(NH3)6]2+ = [Ar] 3d8 4s 4p 4d

3d8 4s 4p 4d

sp3d2
Here NH3 act as W.F.L hence no
pairing of electrons in 3d orbital
ByInArvind
C.F.T theArora
degeneracy is lost in presence of ligands.

Octahedral field has divided d-orbitals into two categories

Bary
centre + 0.6Δ 0
+ 0.6Δ 0

– 0.4Δ 0
– 0.4Δ 0

W.F.L S.F.L
. .
In weak field ligand In strong field ligand
the splitting is low. the splitting is high.
By Arvind Arora
C.F.S.E Tetrahedral C.F.S. = –0.6Δ T × a + 0.4Δ T × b
E
t2 electron in e electron in t2

+ 0.4 ΔT
Energy

Bary center
– 0.6 ΔT

Also remember the relation

e
between Δ T and Δ 0
4
ΔT = Δ
9 0
By Arvind Arora
SPLITTING IN OCTAHEDRAL AND TETRAHEDRAL FIELD

4
How this relation ΔT = Δ
9 O appears ?
By Arvind Arora
Structural Isomerism
Let solve a problem to
1) Ionization isomerism understand this concept

After the dissociation of complex, the ions formed varies in the solution.

[Co(NH3)4ClBr]SO4, (octahedral)
(A)
AgNO3
[Co(NH3)4ClSO4]Br A B (Pale yellow) AgBr
AgNO3
[Co(NH3)4BrSO4]Cl A ′ B ′(White) AgCl
′ BaCl2
[Co(NH3)4ClBr]SO4 A B ′ (Thick heavy white ppt) BaSO4
′ ′
By Arvind Arora

2) Linkage isomerism

➢ In this case ligand should be ambidentate.

[Co(NH3)5(NO2)]2+ [Co(NH3)5(ONO)]2+

Yello Red
w
CN, SCN, OCN, gly, thio oxalato
By Arvind Arora
3) Hydrate isomerism
In this case ligand attached should be H2O and number of H2O
in coordination sphere is varied.
[Co(H2O)5Cl]Cl2

[Co(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.H2O

[Co(H2O)3Cl3].2H2O

[Ti(H2O)6]3+ Ti3+ +6H2O↑

violet / purple colorless
By Arvind Arora
4) Co-ordinate isomerism
❑ To show this isomerism both cations and anions has to be complex.
[Co(NH3)4] [CrCl4]
Co-ordinate Isomers
[CoCl4] [Cr(NH3)4]
❑ Identity the cation and anions and the oxidation states .
+2 0 +2 -4
[Co(NH3)4]+2[CrCl4]-2
IUPAC Name :
Tetra ammine cobalt (II) tetrachloro chromate (II)
Arvind Arora
COLOR OF COMPLEX

1. Any complex whose C.M.A contains an unpaired electron will be

coloured.
2. If there are no unpaired electrons on C.M.A then the complex is
generally colorless.
But there are exceptions :-
KMnO4 K2Cr2O7 AgBr AgI K4 [Fe(CN)6]
Purple Orange Pale Yello Lemon
Pink Yello w Yello
w w
These are colored due to “Charge Transfer
Phenomena”.
Arvind Arora
[ Ti(H2O)6]3+ Δ Ti 3+ + 6H2O↑ Let us study how color
(Pink) (Colorless) appears in the Complex

So, the ligand is inducing the color.

hν
transition

(octahedral) (octahedral)
So due to d – d transition the colour is
appears in the Complex.
 Arvind Arora

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