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Hints and Solutions

1. Ans. D. is given by
F = mxa v= -(v/2)i --(v/2)j
so m = F/a
and acceleration a = v/t
mass = F/V/T = [FV-1T]
2. Ans. A.
The angle of projection is same for both the planet. Total KE of the system is given by
Let acceleration due to gravity in the planet is = a
trajectory is same so max vertical distance travel is mv2/2 + mv2/2 +
also same. = 3mv2/2
v2 = u2 + 2gh 8. Ans. C.
velocity in earth Ve X = A cos (ωt)
velocity in planet Vp Differentiating w.r.t t we will get velocity of the
Initial velocity u = 0 wave
Ve2 = 2gh dx/dt = d A cos (ωt)/dt
Vp2 = 2ah = A ωSinωt
Ve2/ Vp2 = g/a Differentiating again we will get acceleration a with
25/9 = 9.8/a t
–2
a= 9.8x9/25 = 3.528 ms d2x/dt2 = - Aω2 cos (ωt)
3. Ans. A. at t = 0
Position of particle at t= 0 acceleration will be negative
is 3i + 3j 9. Ans. D.
At t = 2s
6i + 7J
At t = 5s
13i + 14J
Average distance between particle t0 and t5
= 11i + 11j
Average velocity = Average distance/ time = 11(i
+ j)/5 Angular acceleration is the rate of change of
4. Ans. C. angular velocity with respect to time change in the
Let downward acceleration = a angular velocity, divided by the change in time
Net force of the system acting downward = 3mxa I = MR2/2
Net opposite force is tension working upward and RT = Ixα
due to friction = mg - 2μmg Rotation is 2 revolution / s2 or 4π radian
3mxa = mg - 2μmg T = Ixα/r
a = (mg - 2μmg)/3m = g(1-2μ)/3 = (MR2/2R) α
5. Ans. C. = (MR/2) α
The change in momentum of the particle can be = (50x.5/2) x 4π
given by are under curve F(force) and T(time) = 157N
Change in momentum 10. Ans. A.
= 2 x 6/2 – 2 x 3 + 4 x 3 = 12
6. Ans. A.

For slipping motion on an inclined plane the

As the balloon is descending downwards due to its acceleration
weight as = gsinθ
F – mg = ma For rolling without slipping :
Let weight reduced = m’ ar = gsinθ/(1 + 1/mr2)
F – (m - m’)g = (m – m’)a A solid uniform sphere of radius R and mass M has
m1 = 2ma/g+a a rotational inertia about a diameter that is given
7. Ans. B. by (2/5)MR2
The two same masses are moving perpendicular to For a uniform sphere
each other v in the direction X-Y
So the direction and velocity of the third mass 2m
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1/mr2 = 2/5 16. Ans. A.

ar / as = 5/7 Newton’s Law of Cooling states that the rate of
11. Ans. C. temperature of the body is proportional to the
escape velocity is the minimum speed needed for difference between the temperature of the body
an object to escape from the gravitational influence and that of the surrounding medium.
of a massive body. Change in Temp/Change in time = -K(T - Ts)
For the light can’t escape 60-70/5 = -K(65 – T)
escape velocity = speed of light 54-60/5 = -K(57 – T)
-10/-6 = (65-T)/(57-T)
T = 450
17. Ans. C.
R = 2GM/c2
when there temperature is mentioned to be fixed
c= 3x108
i.e. in an isothermal process
G = 6.67x10-11
then P1V1 = P2V2
Substituting the values
Temperature is not nessecerily to be fixed. It is a
R = 10-2 m (approx)
called a adiabatic process.
12. Ans. A.
P1V1 γ= P2V2 γ
The strength of this gravitational field is referred to
P/2(2V) γ= Pf(16V) γ
as intensity, and it varies from point to point.
Pf = P/2(1/23)5/3
Pf = P/64
18. Ans. D.
Thermodynamics, work is the quantity of energy
Here, M is the mass of the earth, R is the radius of transferred from one system to another without an
the earth and G is the gravitational constant. accompanying transfer of entropy.
13. Ans. B. Work done in process ODA = area of triangle = 1/2
Young’s modulus Y = Tensile stress/Tensile Strain PV
The length of the wire increases from l to Δl Work done in process OBC = area of triangle =-
Y = (F/A)/ Δl/l 1/2 PV
Now volume V = Area x length = A x l Net work done = 0
Δl = fl2/YV 19. Ans. B.
Δl α l2 Molecules of a gas are continuously colliding
14. Ans. C. against each other.
Surface energy is the work per unit area done by Molecules move in straight line with constant
the force that creates the new surface. speeds between two successive collisions.
Change in energy ΔU = ST x ΔA Mean Free Path is the average distance traversed
Let number of drops = n by molecule between two successive collisions.
Initial area of n drops = (4πr2)n
Final area of single drop = 4πR2
Change in area = (4πr2)n - 4πR2 ------------ (1)
Now the volume of combine drop is equal to the 20. Ans. A.
sum of volume of individual drop fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency
(4πr3/3)n = 4πR3/3 which is produced by the oscillation of the whole of
n = R3/r3 an object, as distinct from the harmonics of higher
Replacing n in equation (1) frequency.
Change in area = (4πr2) R3/r3 - 4πR2
= 4π(R3/r – R2)
=4πR3/3(1/r -1/R)x3
= 3V(1/r -1/R)
original fundamental frequency n = n1 + n2 + n3
ΔU = VT x 3V(1/r -1/R)
21. Ans. D.
15. Ans. D.
Fundamental frequency of a closed organ pipe is
Quantity of heat necessary to increase the
f = V/4l = 340/4x.85 = 100 Hz so natural
temperature of one Celsius degree on a unit of
frequency of the organ pipe below 1250 will be f =
mass of 1 kg of steam.
100Hz, 300 Hz, 500 Hz, 700 Hz, 900 Hz, 1100Hz.
mass of steam at 100 = mass of water at 100
22. Ans. C.
+540m
Apparent frequency
mass of water at 100 = mass of water at 80 +540
The horn and the car is moving away from the
+ m(1) 20
motorcyclist and the motorcyclist approaching
20g of water at 10 + (20) (1) 70 = 20 g water at
towards them.
80c
f’ = f (V-V0/V-VS)
mixed + 1400 = (20 + m) water at 80o + 560m
= 1329( 343-(-10)/343-(-5))
1400 = 560m
= 1424 Hz
m = 2.5
23. Ans. C.
Total water present = 20+2.5 = 22.5g

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24. Ans. B. So net resistance 1/R = 1/G + 1/G/499

The electric potential is the same for the whole R = G/500
conductive sphere the electric field at the centre of 31. Ans. D.
any hollow sphere due to a charge on the surface
of the sphere would be zero.
For conducting sphere electric field at centre = 0
Q
Potential energy at the centre 40 R
25. Ans. D.
V(x, y, z) = 6x – 8xy –8y + 6yz
Force on a charge in the electric field is given by
F = qE B due to wire 1 B1 = (µ0i1/2 πd)i
So Ex = dV/dx = -6 + 8y B due to wire 2 B2 = (µ0i2/2 πd)(-j)
Ey = dV/dy = 8 x + 8 - 6z Eeq = µ0/2 πd(i12 + i22 )1/2
Ez = dV/dz = -6y 32. Ans. D.
E = (-6 + 8y) i + (8x + 8- 6z) J - 6y k The potential difference will be develop across the
E(1,1,1) =2i+10j-6k ends of wire.
35 The loop is semi circle the distance between the
|E| = 2 two ends is 2R
35 35 E = BVxl = BV(2R) = 2BVR
F = 2x2 =4 Using Flemings left hand rule the potential at R will
26. Ans. B. be higher
Total voltage drop= 150 x 8 =1200 V 33. Ans. B.
Total resistance of wire R = 0.5 x 150 = 75 ohm Current in primary coil = P/V = 3000/200 = 15A
Power loss = V2/R = 1200x1200/75 = 19.2 kW efficiency is 90%
27. Ans. B. So output power is 90% of input
For balanced meter bridge Galvanometer will show Po = (90/100)x3000
no deflection. If output voltage and current - VoIo
5/R = L1/100- L1 VoIo = (90/100)x3000
When R is shunted with R ohm resistance in parallel Vox6= (90/100)x3000
the new resistance R/2 Vo = 600 V
new balance point is 1.6 L1 34. Ans. B.
5/R/2 = 1.6 L1/100- 1.6 L1 Average force by light = change in
Solving L1 = 25cm, R = 15 ohm momentum/time
28. Ans. C. 4
Intensity of light = 25 × 10 Wm
–2

Internal resistance of the unknown cell is given by Total power absorbed = IxA
(L1/L2 -1) R
= 25 × 10 Wm x .0015 m
4 –2 2
29. Ans. C.
The net magnetic dipole of the combination can be So Fav = - P/C
given by = 25 × 104 x.0015/3x108
M = Square root (m2 + m2 + 2mmcos θ) for = 2.50 × 10-6 N
position a, c, d
35. Ans. D.
for position b the poles are parallel and opposite to
Angular width of 1st maxima
each other so net diole moment will be zero
2 θ = 2λ/a
For other it is directly proportional to cosθ
Linear width = D x 2θ = 2Dλ/a = 2x600 x 10-9 x2
cosθ will be maximum at cos30
/1x10-3
30. Ans. C.
36. Ans. C.
The galvanometer is converted to ammeter by
Phase difference = (2π/λ Δx
applying heavy resistance parallel to galvanometer
So phase difference = (2π/λ) λ/4 = π/2
known as shunt.
The resultant intensity at any point is given by
Potential drop across galvanometer = IgXRg
I1 = I0 + I0 + 2I0I0cosπ/2
Potential drop across shunt = IsXRs
I1 = 2I0 = K/2
As they are parallel the Potential drop remains
37. Ans. D.
same
Magnifying power of telescope = Fo/Fe
Let initial current = I
Magnifying power of microscope = ( L/fo) x ( D/fe)
Current passing through galvanometer = I x .2% =
38. Ans. B.
Ix.2/100
Current passing through shunt = I x 99.8% =
Ix99.8/100
IgXRg = IsXRs
Ix.2 Rg/100 = Ix99.8 Rs/100
Rg = (998/2) Rs
Rs = Rg x2/998 = Rg/499

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48. Ans. C.
Snell’s Law States Molecular mass of gas=22.4 L
𝑥
sini/sinr = n (refractive index) X gm of gas=22.4 × .Applying this to each gas.
𝑀𝑀
light rays should fall normally on the reflecting 𝑥 is same for each gas;
surface so 𝑥
Therefore, it simplifies to :
𝑥
:
𝑥
or 16: 1: 2
Angle of refraction = A 2 32 16

sin2A = nsinA 49. Ans. D.

n = sin2A/sinA = 2sinAcosA/sinA = 2cosA Distance of body centre atom to one corner atom
39. Ans. B. will be half of the body diagonal of the bcc unit cell.
As body diagonal is written as √3a.Therefore
answer is √3a/2
50. Ans. D.
Tyndall effect does not depend on charge as it is an
optical property of colloid.
40. Ans. B. 51. Ans. C.
De-broglie wavelength Highest pH means basic solution; basic solution is
λ=h/mV obtained on hydrolysis of salt of strong base and
KE = mv2/2 weak acid.
if KE 16 times velocity v = 4v 52. Ans. C.
wavelength will one fourth % decrease will be 75% As ∆Tb=𝑖kbm and here 𝑖=5 in case of Al2(SO4)3 ie
41. Ans. C. max
Energy of photon 53. Ans. A.
E = hc/λ 2 mol of HCl require 1 mol (i.e. 22.4) each of H2
1240/975 = 12.75eV and Cl2 acc to balanced chemical reaction:
This energy is equal to energy gap between n = 1 H2 +Cl2 → 2HCl
(-13.6) and n = 4(-0.85). but as only ½ mol of Cl2 is available so ½ mol each
When the electron will fall back, numbers of of H2 and Cl2 will react to give 1 mol of HCl.
spectral lines emitted 54. Ans. C.
n(n-1)/2 = 4(4-1)/2 = 6 Since 1 mol requires 1 F of electricity, therefore for
42. Ans. D. 0.1 mol ,0.1 F will be required.
Binding energy of products = 7x5.06 MeV As 1F =96500 C, hence 0.1× 96500=9650 C is
= -39.2 MeV required.
Binding energy of reactants =- 7.26x4x2 = 55. Ans. B.
56.58MeV Use relation ∆𝐺̊ = −2.303𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐾;here K=Ksp
Energy decreases the balance energy will be 56. Ans. D.
released. 22400 ml of O2=32 g
Q = (-39.2)- (-56.48) = 17.28 MeV 5600 ml of O2=32 ×
5600
=8 g ie 1eq and we know
43. Ans. A. 22400
from Faraday’s law that
X decay to Y (stable)
One Faraday Of Electricity Deposists One Gram
Ratio of X and y = 1:7
Equivalent Of Substance.
at the start t0 = 0 X = N0 and Y = 0
So, 1F will deposit 108g of Ag(1eq)
after time t
57. Ans. B.
X will be N0 – X
Adsorption is accompanied by –ve ∆𝐻 and decrease
Y=X
in entropy.
N0 – X/x = 1/7
58. Ans. D.
X = 7 N0/8
According to Le Chatelier’s principle (effect of
Remaining nuclei = N0 – X = N0 - 7 N0/8
pressure and temp)
= N0/8 = N0/23
59. Ans. B.
Number of half life passed = 3
9 First using ∆𝐻 = ∆𝑈 + ∆ngRT; ∆𝐻 = 3.3𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
t = 3X half life = 3x 1.4 × 10 years Then, using ∆𝐺̊ = ∆𝐻 − 𝑇∆𝑆; ∆𝐺̊ = −2.7𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
44. Ans. A. 60. Ans. A.
45. Ans. D. 𝐾′ ∆𝐻 [𝑇 ′ −𝑇]
Using Van’t Hoff Equation ln = assuming
The barrier potential depends on type of 𝐾 𝑅 𝑇𝑇 ′
semiconductor (for Si Vb = 0.7 volt & for Ge Vb = T’>T
0.3 volt), doping with small amounts of impurities K>K’
can dramatically increase the conductivity of the 61. Ans. B.
material. and also on the temperature. 62. Ans. A.
46. Ans. A. 16 g O2 burns 24 g Mg
24
Since l=1 and m=0 (given) therefore only one 0.56 g O2 burns × 0.56 = 0.84 𝑔 Mg
16
orbital corresponding to 3pz(as n=3) is possible. Hence Mg left=1.00-0.84=0.16g
47. Ans. D. 63. Ans. C.
𝐸 = ℎ𝑐 ÷ 𝜆 On the basis of reduction potential, Sn+2 cannot
6.63×10-34× 3×108÷45×10-9 = 4.42×10-10 J reduce Fe+2, hence can exist together.

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64. Ans. B. 87. Ans. C.

Both have 2 electrons. Being a weak acid,o-Nitrophenol can react only
65. Ans. C. with strong base like NaOH but not with weak base
In NF3 and CH4, dipole moment gets partially like NaHCO3.
cancelled. So value is not maximum. 88. Ans. D.
66. Ans. C. Because of nitro group, it is electron deficient .So
N in NO3- is sp2 hybridised with no lone pair. most reactive to Nu addition reaction.
67. Ans. A. 89. Ans. A.
As size of central atom increase, bond length STEP 1:Anti Markovnikov addition of HBr in
between central atom and H increase. Hence presence of H2O2 to form CH3CH2CH2CH2Br
tendency to release protons increase i.e. acidity STEP 2:SN2 reaction of above alkyl bromide with
increases. ethanol(Williamson synthesis)
68. Ans. C. 90. Ans. B.
Rxn with O3 : Reducing action in acidic medium C of ethyne and that of CO2 both have sp
Rxn with Ag2O: Reducing action in basic medium. hybridisation.
69. Ans. C. 𝐻−𝐶 ≡𝐶−𝐻𝑂 =𝐶 =0
At high temperature, aspartame decomposes. 91. Ans. D.
70. Ans. C. Sexual reproduction in algae takes place through
fusion of two gametes. In spirogyra these gametes
are non-flagellated or non-motile and are similar in
size. Such reproduction is called isogamous.
Here O.S.of Cr=+6 92. Ans. A.
71. Ans. B. In 1969, R.H. Whittaker proposed a Five Kingdom
The following reaction takes place: Classification namely: Monera, Protista, Fungi,
2KMnO4+ 5H2O2+ 3H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4+ Plantae and Animalia. The main criteria for his
8H2O + 5O2 classification are: cell structure, thallus
72. Ans. B. organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and
In Fe+3, because of d 5 configuration ie t32ge2 phylogenetic relationships.
CFSE=-0.4×3+0.6×2=0 93. Ans. B.
73. Ans. B. Amanita muscaria is a mushroom which shows
hallucinogenic property.
𝜇 = √𝑛(𝑛 + 2)BM,𝜇=2.83 (GIVEN)
94. Ans. A.
In Ni+2 ie d8, n=2
Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having
74. Ans. B.
a different cell wall structure. The special cell
Cisplatin is used as an anticancer agent.
membrane structure helps in their survival in
75. Ans. A.
extreme conditions.
f orbitals show poor screening effect.
95. Ans. C.
76. Ans. D.
In Chara, antheridium is present towards lower
Para attack leads to major product formation.
side and oogonium is present towards the upper
77. Ans. B.
surface on same plant.
Because it is resonance stabilised.
96. Ans. D.
78. Ans. D.
Species of Sphagnum provide peat. Peat is used as
-CHO group of glucose reacts with NH2OH to give
fuel and as packing material for trans-shipment of
corresponding oxime.
living material due to their capacity to hold water.
79. Ans. C.
97. Ans. C.
Adrenaline or epinephrine is released under stress
Edible parts of:
from adrenal medulla.
Tomato- Pericarp and placenta, Apple- Thalamus,
80. Ans. D.
Banana- Mesocarp, Potato-stem
Thermosetting polymer Bakelite.
98. Ans. B.
81. Ans. C.
In imbricate aestivation, the margins of sepals or
Terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol condense to
petals overlap one another but not in any particular
give polyester Dacron.
direction. Example: Cassia and gulmohur.
82. Ans. D.
99. Ans. C.
CFCs are not common component of photochemical
Position of protoxylem can be used to distinguish
smog.
between a root and a stem. Xylem in a root is
83. Ans. A.
exarch where protoxylem is towards periphery.
% 𝑜𝑓 𝑁 = 1.4 × 𝑉 × 𝑁 ÷ 𝑤
While in a shoot, xylem is endarch where
= 1.4 × 2 × 10 ÷ 0.75
protoxylem is towards centre.
=37.33%
100. Ans. C.
84. Ans. C.
In monocotyledonous seed, the outer covering of
Because of o, p directive influence of –CH3 group.
endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinous
85. Ans. C.
layer called aleurone layer. Maize being a
86. Ans. B.
monocotyledonous plant its seed has a
C6H5OH +NaOH →C6H5ONa + CH3I→C6H5OCH3
proteinaceous aleurone layer.

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101. Ans. B.
Tracheids are elongated or tube like cells with thick
and lignified walls and tapering ends which lacks
perforation in their cell wall.
102. Ans. D.
Underground stems of potato are modified to store
food in them.
103. Ans. D.
In bacteria, anaerobic respiration takes place in
mesosomes for synthesis of ATP.
104. Ans. B.
The solid linear cytoskeletal elements having a
diameter of 6 nm and made up of a single type of
monomer are known as microfilaments. They are
made of two molecules of actin filaments that
intertwine together.
105. Ans. B.
The vacuole is the membrane-bound space found
in the cytoplasm which contains water, sap,
excretory product and other materials which are
not useful for the cell. In plant cell, osmoregulation
is maintained by vacuole.
106. Ans. C.
In S (synthesis) phase DNA synthesis or replication
takes place. During this time the amount of DNA
per cell doubles which means if the initial amount
of DNA was 2C then it increases to 4C. During the
G2 phase, proteins are synthesised in preparation
for mitosis while cell growth continues while the
chromosome numbers remains unchanged (4C).
107. Ans. A.
-Cilium and flagellum emerge from centriole-like
structure called the basal bodies.
-Stroma of a chloroplast contains a number of
organised flattened membranous sacs
called the thylakoids.
-The inner membrane of mitochondria forms a
number of infoldings called the cristae.
-Ribozymes are ribonucleic acids which has
enzymatic nature
108. Ans. D.
Darwin and his son observed that the coleoptiles of
canary grass responded to unilateral illumination
by growing towards the light source. This is called
phototropism. They performed a a series of
experiments concluded that the tip of coleoptile
was the site of transmittable influence that caused
the bending of the entire coleoptile. F.W. Went
isolated auxin from the tips of coleoptiles of oat
seedlings and concluded that phototropism in the
tips of coleoptiles is due to the presence of auxin.
109. Ans. A.
Nitrogen and potassium are macronutrients
required by plants for their growth. In the older
leaves, biomolecules containing these elements are
broken down and are transported to younger
leaves. Hence, deficiency symptoms of nitrogen
and potassium are visible first in older (scenescent)
leaves.
110. Ans. D.
In lactate fermentation, incomplete oxidation of
glucose takes place under anaerobic conditions by
sets of reactions where pyruvic acid is converted to
lactic acid without any release of CO2.
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111. Ans. A.
Rhodospirillum is a purple non-sulphur bacteria
which can undergo alcoholic fermentation or
aerobic respiration depending on the presence and
absence of oxygen.
112. Ans. C.
When a plant is kept in dark, photosynthesis does
not occur and hence, chlorophyll pigments are not
produced. This causes the plant to etoliate.
113. Ans. A.
ABA is also called the stress hormone as it can
stimulate the closure of stomata in the epidermis
and increases the tolerance of plants to various
kinds of stresses.
114. Ans. A.
Geitonogamy is a type of pollination in which
transfer of pollen grains takes place from the
anther to the stigma of another flower of the same
plant.
115. Ans. C.
Male gametophyte with least number of cells is
present in Lilium.
116. Ans. B.
Aggregate fruits develop from multicarpellary
apocarpous ovary. In apocarpous ovary, each
carpel is separated from one another and hence,
forms a fruitlet which makes a bunch of fruitlets
known as etaerio.
117. Ans. C.
Pollen grains are rich in nutrients and so are used
as food supplements in the form of tablets and
syrups available in the market.
118. Ans. D.
Filiform apparatus is special cellular thickenings at
the micropylar tip the synergids. They play an
important role in guiding the pollen tubes into the
synergid.
119. Ans. D.
In some plants, the endosperm is not present in
mature seeds. Such seeds are called
nonendospermous or non-albuminous. Examples of
non-albuminous seed producing plants are bean,
gram and pea.
120. Ans. B.
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a rod shaped RNA
containing virus. It has a capsid made of coat
protein and one molecule of genomic single strand
RNA.
121. Ans. A.
Transcription is the process of copying genetic
information from one strand of the DNA into m-
RNA
122. Ans. C.
In 1928, Frederick Griffith discovered the process
of transformation while performing a series of
experiments with Streptococcus pneumonia and
witnessed a miraculous transformation in the
bacteria.
123. Ans. B.
Epistasis is an interaction between two non-allelic
genes, where an allele of one gene hides or masks
the phenotype of another gene. In recessive
epistasis, out of the two pairs of genes, the
recessive epistatic gene masks the activity of the
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dominant gene of the other gene locus. In Ecosystem service- Pollination

dominant epistasis, out of two pairs of genes the Population growth- Natality
dominant allele of one gene masks the activity of 133. Ans. C
other allelic pair.Dominant epistasis is observed in A species facing extremely high risk of extinction in
fruit colour in cucurbita as summer squash. the immediate future is called critically endangered
124. Ans. A. species.Vulnerable species are those species which
Viruses have a protein coat called capsid that are likely to become endangered. Endemic species
encloses the genetic material. Genetic material of are species of plants and animals existing in a
viruses could be either RNA or DNA. No virus particular geographical region. Extinct species-
contains both RNA and DNA species of plants and animals which are extinct and
125. Ans. A. have no living members.
The first human hormone produced by RDT is 134. Ans. C.
Insulin, in 1983 by an American company named Ozone layer is found in the upper part of the
Eli Lilly. They prepared two DNA sequences atmosphere called the stratosphere.
corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin 135. Ans. B.
and introduced them in plasmids of E. coli to In 2004, the IUCN Red List documents the
produce insulin chains. Separate chains of A and B extinction of 784 species (including 338
were produced and extracted. These chains were vertebrates, 359 invertebrates and 87 plants) in
then combined by creating disulfide bonds to form the last 500 years.
human insulin. 136. Ans. D.
126. Ans. D. Cnidarians are aquatic, mostly marine or fresh
Southern Blotting was discovered by E.M Southern water, sessile or free-swimming, radially
in 1979.The various step involved inthis technique symmetrical animals belonging to phylum
are: (i) isolation of DNA, (ii) digestion of DNA by coelentarata.
restriction endonucleases, (iii) separation of DNA 137. Ans. B.
fragments by electrophoresis, (iv) blotting- Sea-fans are cnidarians belonging to phylum
transferring separated DNA fragments to synthetic coelentarata lacks a cell wall.
membranes, such as nitrocellulose or nylon, (v) 138. Ans. B.
hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe, and (vi) Platyhelminthes members like Planaria possess
detection of hybridised DNA fragments by high regeneration capacity.
autoradiography. 139. Ans. B.
127. Ans. A. Torpedo is a marine cartilaginous fish belonging to
Polymerase chain reaction and Random amplified phylum chordate and class Chondrichthyes have
polymorphic DNA are used for in-vitro clonal electric organs which can produce electric current.
propagation in plants. PCR is a technique used in 140. Ans. C.
molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few In loose connective tissues, cells and fibres are
copies of a segment of DNA. RAPD is a type of PCR loosely arranged in a semi-fluid ground substance.
reaction where the segments of DNA to be For example: Areolar tissue present beneath the
amplified are random skin.
128. Ans. B. 141. Ans. C.
Algae are beneficial to humans in many ways. For Proximal Convulated Tubule (PCT) in nephron is
example: Unicellular algae like Chlorella and lined by simple cuboidal brush border epithelium
Spirullina are rich in proteins and hence, are used which increases the surface area for reabsorption.
as food supplements. 142. Ans. A.
129. Ans. C. In S (synthesis) phase, DNA synthesis or
Plasmids are used as cloning vectors which can replication takes place. During this time the
clone DNA fragments of upto 15kbps. To clone amount of DNA per cell doubles which means if the
longer DNA fragments bacteriophages are used as initial amount of DNA was 2C then it increases to
cloning vectors. 4C
130. Ans. B. 143. Ans. B.
In ex situ conservation process, gametes of Bacterias are both motile and non-motile. Motile
threatened species are preserved in viable and bacterias have thin filamentous extensions from
fertile condition for long periods using their cell wall called flagella that helps in motility.
cryopreservation techniques, eggs are fertilised in 144. Ans. B.
vitro, and plants are propagated using tissue A competitive inhibitor closely resembles the
culture methods. Seeds of commercially important substrate in its molecular structure. It inhibits the
plants with different genetic strains are kept for activity of the enzyme due to its close structural
long periods in seed banks. similarity with the substrate. The inhibitor
131. Ans. D. competes with the substrate for the substrate
One of the biological pollution indicators is Lichens binding site of the enzyme. As a result, the
because they do not grow in polluted areas. substrate cannot bind and hence, the enzyme
132. Ans. D. action declines.This type of competitive inhibition is
Earthworm-Detrivore seen in the inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by
Succesion-Pioneer species

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malonate where malonate closely resembles the
substrate succinate in structure.
145. Ans. B.
The most common non-reducing sugar is Sucrose.
The presence of aldehyde and ketone groups in the
linkage between the glucose and fructose in the
sucrose polymer is responsible for the inability of
sucrose to act as a reducing sugar.
146. Ans. A.
In the pachytene stage of meiosis 1, recombination
occurs which is a enzyme-mediated process and
the enzyme involved is called recombinase.
147. Ans. C.
Rennin is found in gastric juice of infants which
acts as a proteolytic enzyme that helps in the
digestion of milk proteins.
148. Ans. B.
During absorption of digested food, substances like
fructose and some amino acids are absorbed with
the help of the carrier ions like Na+. This
mechanism is called the facilitated transport.
149. Ans. A.
Nearly 70 % carbon dioxide is transported by red
blood cells as bicarbonate in presence of the
enzyme carbonic anhydrase.
150. Ans. A
Persons with ‘AB’ group have both A and B
antigens and no antibody in their RBC’s. Therefore,
they can accept blood from persons with AB as well
as the other groups of blood and are called as
‘universal recipients’.
151. Ans. A.
Cardiac function is moderated by a neural centre in
the medulla oblangata through autonomic nervous
system (ANS). Neural signals through
parasympathetic nerves can decrease the rate of
heart beat, speed of conduction of action potential
and thereby the cardiac output.
152. Ans. A.
Aldosterone causes reabsorption of sodium ion and
water from the distal convulated tubule.
153. Ans. D.
The joint between the adjacent vertebrae in the
vertebral column is cartilaginous joints. Hinge joint
is the knee joint, pivotal joint exists between atlas
and axis, Gliding joint exists between the carpals
and Saddle joint exists between carpal and
metacarpal of thumb.
154. Ans. A.
During muscle contraction, a neural signal in the
neuromuscular junction or motor-end plate
releases a neurotransmitter, acetyl choline which
generates an action potential in the sarcolemma.
155. Ans. D.
Centres present in the hypothalamus controls:
body temperature, urge for eating and drinking.
So, any injury to the hypothalamus would likely
disrupt regulation of body temperature.
156. Ans. C.
The photopigments in the human eyes is composed
of opsin and retinal. Opsin is a protein and retinal
is an aldehyde of vitamin A
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157. Ans. B.
Melatonin hormone is secreted by pineal gland
which regulates the 24-hour rhythm of our body,
i.e; it helps in maintaining the normal rhythms of
sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, etc.
158. Ans. C.
In response to stress of any kind and during
emergency situations, adrenaline and
noradrenaline are rapidly secreted. Due to this,
these hormones are called emergency hormones or
hormones of Fight or Flight.
159. Ans. A.
Urethra is the shared terminal duct of the
reproductive and urinary system in the human
male.
160. Ans. B.
The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of
progesterone. Progesterone is essential for
maintenance of the endometrium.
161. Ans. C.
HCG produced during pregnancy maintains the
corpus luteum during early stages of pregnancy.
Corpus luteum secrete progesterone and estrogen.
162. Ans. A.
Tubectomy is a terminal method to prevent any
more pregnancies where a small part of the
fallopian tube is removed or tied up through a
small incision in the abdomen or through vagina.
163. Ans. B.
Intra Uterine Devices are of three different types:
non-medicated IUDs, copper releasing IUDs and
the hormone releasing IUDs. LNG-20 is a hormone
releasing intra uterine device.
164. Ans. B.
IVF is an assisted reproductive technology in which
ova from the wife or donor female and sperms
from the husband or donor male are collected and
are induced to form zygote under simulated
laboratory condition.
165. Ans. C.
Colour blindness is a X-linked inheritance. Here,
the man is normal because he will get Y
chromosome from his father who is colour blind.
And the women will be a carrier because she will
get one X chromosome from her normal father and
one X chromosome from her colourblind mother.
When this normal man marries this carrier woman,
their daughters will receive one X-chromosome
from carrier mother and another from normal
father, and their sons will receive one X-
chromosome from the carrier mother and Y-
chromosome from the normal father:
166. Ans. C.
No. Of individuals with AA genotype= 360
No. Of individuals with Aa genotype= 480
Therefore, frequency of allele A in the given
population= [360 + (480/2)]/1000 =0.6
167. Ans. A.
Turner’s syndrome is a disorder which is caused
due to the absence of one of the X chromosomes,
i.e., 45 with XO. Females with Turner’s syndrome
are sterile. Their ovaries are rudimentary and they
lack other female secondary sexual characters.
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168. Ans. A.
RNA polymerase enzyme can catalyse the
polymerisation in only one direction, i.e; 5'→3'. As
such, m-RNA is synthesised only in the 5'→3'
direction during transcription. And the strand that
has the polarity 3'→5' acts as a template.
169. Ans. B.
In human genome sequencing the commonly used
vectors are bacteria and yeast, and are called as
BAC (bacterial artificial chromosomes), and YAC
(yeast artificial chromosomes)
170. Ans. C.
Forelimbs of cat, lizard used in walking, forelimbs
of whale used in swimming and forelimbs of bats
used in flying are examples of homologous organs.
Homologous organs or structures are similar
structures developed along different directions due
to adaptions for different functions.
171. Ans. B.
Gills of Prawn and Lungs of Man are example of
analogous structures which are not anatomically
similar but perform similar functions. Such
analogous structures are a result of convergent
evolution where different structures evolving for
the same function.
172. Ans. A.
The picture shown here is of datura, a well-known
plant with hallucinogenic properties.
173. Ans. C.
When HIV enters into helper T-lymphocytes, it
replicates inside them and produces progeny
viruses that are released into the blood, which
again attacks other helper T-lymphocytes. This
process is repeated leading to a progressive
decrease in the number of helper T-lymphocytes in
the body. During this period, the person shows the
first symptom of AIDS, i.e; the infected person
suffers bouts of fever, diarrhoea and weight loss.
174. Ans. C.
An important application of tissue culture is the
recovery of healthy plants from diseased plants.
The meristem (both apical and axillary) of the
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infected plant is free of virus, and can be removed
and grown in vitro to obtain virus-free plants.
175. Ans. B.
In anaerobic sludge digester, some anaerobic
bacteria starts growing and digests bacteria and
fungi in the sludge, and produce a mixture of gases
such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon
dioxide. These gases together form biogas.
176. Ans. D.
Every winter thousands of migratory birds coming
from Siberia and other extremely cold northern
regions migrate to the famous Keolado National
Park (Bhartpur) in Rajasthan and when the climatic
conditions are favourable they return back.
177. Ans. C
A- detritus, B-rock minerals, C- Producers and D-
litter fall
178. Ans. D.
A-insects, B- molluscs, C- crustaceans and D- other
animal groups
179. Ans. A.
There are several ways of removing particulate
matter. One of the ways is to use scrubber. A
scrubber can remove gases like sulphur dioxide.
180. Ans. A.
According to 10% law of energy flow, the total
amount of energy that can be transferred to next
trophic level is 10%. So, peacock being the
primary consumer will get 10% of 20J which is
equal to 0.02J.