1.

Registration of non-qualified voters

To ensure that a candidate will have captive votes, he will haul in voters even if these voters do not meet the
citizenship, age or residence requirements. Where the registration period has already lapsed, the same objective can
be achieved through the manipulation of inclusion proceedings in court.

Separate monitoring on the list of qualified of qualified voters even prior to the election date

2. Disenfranchisement of qualified voters

This is resorted to where a candidate believes that a voter or group of voters will vote for his opponent(s). It can
come in the form of discouraging them from registering at all or, if they managed to register, to exclude them from
the voters' lists through an ostensibly legal exclusion proceedings in court.

Separate monitoring on the list of qualified voters even prior to the election date

3. Vote buying

Some candidates will take the word of the bought voter. However, if he wants to be sure that he gets his money's
worth, the candidate will employ chained balloting or 'lansadera'. At the start of the day, all the potential 'buyees'
are gathered in one place and, as soon as the polls are opened, one of them is sent to the polling place. After the
usual identification process, he obtains a ballot from the poll clerk, which he takes with him to the polling booth.

Presence of poll watchers in the voting area to monitor any vote buying activities

4. Negative vote buying

This is the simplest way of buying votes. Where a candidate is certain that a voter will not vote for him, he can pay
him not to vote. Efficiency can be achieved by herding the voters together and getting them on a bus that will take
them away for the rest of the day. A lot of times, the voters will be compelled to have their i ndex fingers smeared
with indelible ink.

Presence of poll watchers in the voting area to monitor any vote buying activities

5. Waylaying of voters

With the connivance of the Board of Election Inspectors, the voter's name is deleted from the list. This resu lts in
confusion resulting in the voter being disenfranchised.

Presence of poll watchers in the voting area to monitor such activity and keen observance of the proper
casting of vote procedures, and monitoring on the list of qualified voters
6. Double voting

Because the VCM lacks biometric detection, it opens the system to double voting. Had there been a VVS, once a
voter has voted, subsequent attempts by the same person will be rejected by the machine. As of now, preventing
double voting would be up to the BEI and the vigilance of the watcher

Separate monitoring of persons who already cast their votes on voting precincts

7. Misreading of Ballots

Presence of poll watchers in the voting area and keen observance of the proper casting of vote procedures

8. Falsification (tampering) of Election Returns

.After the counting is completed in the precinct, the votes are recorded in a document called the Election Return.

Presence of poll watchers in the voting area and keen observance of the proper casting of vote procedures

9. Falsification of Statement of Votes or Certificate of Canvass in the Municipal or City Board of Canvassers

The results of all the precincts in a city or municipality are recorded in a document called the Statement of Votes
which is prepared by the board of canvassers. Note that municipalities or cities have thousands, tens of thousands
or even hundreds of thousands of voters.

Presence of poll watchers in the voting area and keen observance of the proper casting of vote procedures

10. Falsification of Statement of Votes or Certificate of Canvass in the Provincial Board of Canvassers

Presence of poll watchers in the voting area and keen observance of the proper casting of vote procedures